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Who provides healthcare and how is it paid for?

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Who provides healthcare and how is it paid for?

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How healthcare is funded has a direct effect on the level of healthcare people have access to.

Single-payer

The state funds an agreed range of services through public clinics that are paid for through taxes

For example, in Sweden there is a limit in how much you pay for healthcare in one year of between 900-1100 kronor (£80-£100)

Two-tier

Government healthcare may be less comprehensive and minimum level of coverage can be supplemented by private insurance

In Australia, hospital treatment is covered by Medicare, yet most people pay a fee to see a GP or for ambulance services. 57% of adults have private insurance

Insurance mandate

A two-tier system underpinned by an insurance mandate where citizens are legally required to purchase cover from public or private insurers

Most people in Japan receive health insurance from their employer, otherwise they must sign up for a national health insurance programme. Medical fees are regulated to keep them affordable

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2017/jul/25/us-healthcare-system-vs-other-countries

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Universal health coverage day: Message from WHO Director-General

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WHO: Universal health coverage - the best investment for a safer, fairer and healthier world

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Established in 1948 to be free at the point of use, the UK’s NHS has almost totemic status for Britain’s rising, ageing population who scrutinise it like perhaps no other policy area. While care from GP services to major surgery remains free as intended, the system is under unprecedented financial strain from a funding gap estimated to be in the billions

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Under France’s state-run equivalent of the UK’s NHS, the majority of patients must pay the doctor or practitioner upfront. The state then reimburses them in part or in full. Workers make compulsory payments into state funds used to reimburse between 70% and 100% of the upfront fees, while many people pay into other schemes to cover the balance.

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In Germany, the world’s first national health insurance system shows how UHC often evolves from an initial law. Originally for industrial labourers, cover gradually expanded to cover all job sectors and social groups, with today’s German workers contributing around 15% of their monthly salary, half paid by employers, to public sickness funds.

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Healthcare Quality (Essentials of Health Policy and Law)

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Healthcare Quality (Essentials of Health Policy and Law)

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According to Teitelbaum and Wilensky, the United States spends more on health care than most other developed countries, yet frequently the care provided does not result in good health outcomes (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2017).
How do other countries deliver healthcare and do a better job?

There are 3 types of healthcare systems often found in other countries (1) a national health insurance system that is publicly financed (2) a national health system that is publically finance and where care is provided by government employers and contractors and (3) socialized insurance system that is financed through mandatory contributions by employers and employees that and in which are is delivered by private practitioners.

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Healthcare in the US vs. The Rest of the World.

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Healthcare in the US vs. The Rest of the World.

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Healthcare In The U.S. Vs The Rest Of The World

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In the mid-1960s, the United States implemented insurance programs called Medicare and Medicaid for segments of the population including low income and elderly adults. In 2010, Obamacare became the closest the US has come to a system of UHC. A legal mandate now requires all Americans to have insurance or pay a penalty. About 26 million people remain without health insurance despite these advances.