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After the Civil War, many social aspects were changed. One important example of these terms was the society's perspective towards women and their roles. In fact, women's social status was increasing and they started to have an equal status to men. Before the war, women were mainly expected to focus on their domestic lives. However, this started to change; women played a more important role in the society. In addition to be wives and mothers, they worked hard to grow personally and professionally. Women became writers, aid providers and workers.

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It focuses on girls and women's relationships at home and their emotions.

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Frank, L. T. (2008).  Women in the American Civil War, Volume 1. California: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.om/books?id=X2GeBUmW_MgC&pg=PA304&dq=little+women+and+the+American+Civil+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_15jF8tztAhUaQ0EAHfFRDbYQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=little%20women%20and%20the%20American%20Civil%20war&f=false
Layson, H.,& Murison, J. (2013). Literature of the American Civil War. Digital Collections for the Classroom. Retrieved from: https://dcc.newberry.org/?p=14417
Nelson, T. (N.D.).Civil war journal: The legacies. New York: The History Channel. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.om/books?id=KaG1rwZil4YC&pg=PT247&dq=the+American+civil+war+and+changes+in+the+publishing&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIuqaMld3tAhUxolwKHUtMD3YQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=the%20American%20civil%20war%20and%20changes%20in%20the%20publishing&f=false

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Frank, L. T. (2008).  Women in the American Civil War, Volume 1. California: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.om/books?id=X2GeBUmW_MgC&pg=PA304&dq=little+women+and+the+American+Civil+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_15jF8tztAhUaQ0EAHfFRDbYQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=little%20women%20and%20the%20American%20Civil%20war&f=false

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Frank, L. T. (2008).  Women in the American Civil War, Volume 1. California: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.om/booksid=X2GeBUmW_MgC&pg=PA304&dq=little+women+and+the+American+Civil+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_15jF8tztAhUaQ0EAHfFRDbYQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=little%20women%20and%20the%20American%20Civil%20war&f=false

Montgomery, H. (2009). Study guide: Children's literature. Walton Hall:  The Open University.

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A Short Quiz to Assess Your Understanding

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A Short Quiz to Assess Your Understanding

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Now, do this short quiz:
https://kahoot.it/challenge/09813205?challenge-id=02e9426f-8ab8-424a-85a4-70ff82792b0d_1608552392614

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-Women's Struggle between Domestic Duty and Personal Growth: Jo finds it is difficult to be a dutiful woman and a professional artist at the same time. The novel teaches the reader a conflict American women faced during and after the American Civil War and how they broke the boundaries the society created.

-The Danger of Gender Stereotypes: In the novel, Jo does not want to be a normal woman. She works hard to earn a living, which was a job allocated by the American society for men before the American Civil War. Laurie is another character that fights against the society's gender stereotyping; he likes to play music instead of pursue business.

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-The necessity of Women to Work: The novel encourages women to work hard to be happy. In the novel, the March sisters create a club, in which they write a family newspaper. Jo is a character that reflects Alcott. Jo has written a number of novels and publishes them. In fact, the novel inspires women to work either to gain money or not.

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-War: Because the novel reflects Alcott's real life, she included what her family experienced during the Civil War. In the novel, the father is serving in that war as a Union chaplain and he sends for his family a message by the telegraph.

-Patience: In the novel, the hard although the circumstances the family lives during the Civil war, the four sisters are patient and accept their life. The novel teaches readers to be satisfied with what they have and not complain about their poverty and other problems they face.

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Because of the Civil War, the economic conditions of many American families were bad; they did not have enough money to meet all their needs. During and after this war, women, whose fathers, husbands, or brothers were killed or disabled, left to financially support their families. They worked at many jobs to get money, and writing is one way they used to gain a living. Alcott's family was also poor; Alcott worked hard to financially support her family. Writing was one way she used to gain money. Actually, she wrote Little Women to pay her family’s debts.

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An important event that happened before the novel had been written was the American Civil War. As mentioned before, it started in 1861 and finished in 1865. There were two important factors that contributed to creating this genre of family stories for children. The first one was that the North, where Alcott lived, had a lot of printing presses, and the second one is that during the American Civil War, some changes happened regarding the reading market and publishing that contributed to succeeding new types of authors, such as Alcott who wrote for young girls. Actually, publishing flourished during that time because people were sending for and receiving from soldiers, who were serving in the Civil War and who most of them were literate, messages through the telegraph.

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Alcott, L. M. (1994). Little women. London: Oxford University Press.

Montgomery, H. (2009). Study guide: Children's literature. Walton Hall:  The Open University.

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Alcott, L. M.(1994). Little women. London: Oxford University Press.
Louisa, M.,&Alcott, M. (2018). Louisa May Alcott her life, letters, and journals. California: CreateSpace Independent. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.om/books?id=wy6ZvAEACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Louisa+M.+Louisa+M.+Alcott%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju56GzsMXtAhWCYsAKHbW8C3UQ6wEwAHoECAQQAQ

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Alcott’s novel begins with Meg, Jo, Amy, and Beth, the four March girls, sitting in the living room of their house and crying sorrow about their poverty. They decide that they will buy for themselves a present to delight during Christmas. Then, they decide to buy a gift for their mother, Marmee, instead of buying a present for themselves. After that, their mother comes home holding a letter from the father, Mr. March, who is in the Civil War serving as a Union cleric. The letter inspires the girls to feel satisfied with their poverty.

On the morning of Christmas, the four sisters wake up and find books under their pillows. Later on that day, the girls are encouraged by their mother to help a needy family, which is the Hummels, by giving them away from their breakfast. Mr. Laurence, who is the girls’ old neighbor and whom they have not come upon, pays off their charitable deeds by giving them a banquet, a huge meal. Then, both Jo and Meg are invited by Meg’s rich friend, Sally Gardiner, to attend a party on the occasion of the New Year. At the party, which takes place in Sally’s house, Jo goes to an alcove; she meets  Laurie, a boy who lives with Mr. Laurence. While Meg is dancing, she torsions her ankle. When the two sisters return home, Laurie comes with them. After the festivals, the girls regret returning back to their daily routines.

When Laurie is sick, Jo visits him and meets Mr. Laurence, Laurie's grandfather. Jo unintentionally insults a painting of Laurie's grandfather. Fortunately, Mr. Laurence accepts her courage and becomes her friend. Then, Mr. Laurence meets the four sisters, and Beth becomes his favorite. He gives her the piano of his granddaughter.

The four sisters go on different adventures. Amy sells limes at her school and the teacher punishes her by hitting her. Therefore, the mother withdraws Amy from school. Jo always goes to the theater and does not let her sister Amy come with her. In order that Amy retaliates against Jo, she burns Jo's manuscript, and because Jo is angry with her sister, she is about to let her sister drown while she is skating. When Meg attends the party of her friend Annie, she dresses her friends' clothes in high style, she learns that there are other things in life more important than appearances; she hears at the party that people think she aims at marrying Laurie because of his money.

In that year, the four girls construct the Pickwick Club, in which they write a newspaper about family. In the spring, Laurie is smuggled by Jo into a club meeting. Then, he becomes a member of the club. The sisters at the beginning of June decide to stop doing their housework. Later, Jo publishes her first story.

One day, the family receives a telegram saying that the father is sick and he is in a hospital in Washington. The mother decides to go to him; in order that Jo provides her mother with the money needed for the trip, she sells her hair. Beth is the only girl who visits the poor family, the Hemmels; one day, when she visits them, she visits that family, she infects scarlet fever from the baby of that family. Then, she recovers, and Laurie's tutor, Mr. Brooke,

After three years, the father returns back to home, and Laurie finishes her study at school. Then, Mr. Brooke marries Meg, so she moves into another home with her husband. Jo gets published a novel, but in order to please her publishers, she is forced to cut it down. Meantime, Meg faces difficulties in doing her housework. Soon, she gives birth to twins, called Daisy and Demi. Then, Amy goes to Paris instead of Jo because their Aunt Carroll likes Amy's ladylike behavior more than Jo's.

Jo thinks that Beth fills in love with Laurie; she moves to New York to give her sister a chance to win Laurie's affection. In New York, Jo meets 'a poor German language instructor', called Professor Bhaer. He advises Jo to write using a simpler style, and she takes his advice. When she returns home, she is proposed to by Laurie, but she rejects him. Soon, Beth dies.

Laurie meets Amy in France; then, they fall in love. After that, they get married and return home. After a year, Jo and Professor Bhaer marry. Then, Amy gets birth to a baby girl, called Beth, who is diseased. Jo decides to turn Aunt March's house into a school for boys. Finally, the family gathers happily, and each sister is thankful for blessings.

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On the 29 th of November, 1832, Louisa May Alcott was born in Germantown, a town in Northwest Pennsylvania, America, but she grew up in Concord, a town in Massachusetts, America. Alcott was educated by her father, Bronson Alcott, who was a teacher and a Transcendentalist thinker. To support her financially poor family, she worked at many tasks, such as sewing and writing. In the second year of the American Civil War (1861-1865), she began to volunteer as a nurse of the injured in a Union Hospital, and during that time she wrote Hospital Sketches (1863), which was the book she wrote. Then, her novel Little Women and its Little Men and Jo's Boys contributed to shining her and making her financially successful. This great novelist and poet died in 1888.

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Alcott, L.M. (1994). Little women. London: Oxford University Press.
Montgomery, H. (2009). Study guide: Children's literature. Walton Hall:  The Open University.

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* It was written for girls, or it is ' a story for girls '.

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* It was written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868.

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*It is a novel that consists of two parts.

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D'Alleva, A. (2006). How to write art history. London: Laurence King. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.om/books?id=RoagE-LcrxwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=steps+to+analyze+the+historical+context+of+a+novel&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiznJer3c3tAhWFtXEKHbF6DKMQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=steps%20to%20analyze%20the%20historical%20context%20of%20a%20novel&f=false

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Steps while Analyzing the Historical Context of a Novel

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Steps while Analyzing the Historical Context of a Novel

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While studying a novel, we are trying to understand what a novelist is trying to express in his/her novel, why it was written at the time it was written and how it reflected the place it was written in. In addition, we talk about the novelist and his/her intentions and goals of writing that novel.
* Search for the author of the novel.
* Search for when the novel has been written.
* Search for where it has been written.
* Search for the main events and circumstances that happened at that setting; they can be religious, economic, social, political, and cultural.
* See how the circumstances and events you find have affected different elements of the novel, such as themes, events, characters, and setting.

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    General Information about Little Women

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    General Information about Little Women