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1st century AD, they talked about magnifying glasses

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17th century, formulated the principles of lenses and focusing

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1665, built the first British compound microscope. it had two converging lenses called the objective and the eye piece. this is what lead to discovering cells.

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around 1670, he grinded very small, thin pieces of glass lenses into not more than a millimeter. it could magnify by more than 700x. they were mounted in a bras plate and could magnify using light.

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in 1931, they invented the electron microscope. instead of light, this microscope focused on the image of an electron. it can see an object nearly the size of an atom. but all living organisms are killed due to radiation.