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Introduction
The International Typographic Style, also known as the Swiss Style, is a graphic design style that emerged in Russia, the Netherlands, and Germany in the 1920s and was developed by designers in Switzerland during the 1950s. The International Typographic Style has had profound influence on graphic design as a part of the modernist movement, impacting many design-related fields including architecture and art. It emphasizes cleanness, readability, and objectivity. Hallmarks of the style are asymmetric layouts, use of a grid, sans-serif typefaces like Akzidenz Grotesk, and flush left, ragged right text.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Typographic_Style

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Some introduction:
The State Bauhaus was founded by Walter Gropius as a school of arts in Weimar in 1919. Today, the historical Bauhaus is the most influential educational establishment in the fields of architecture, art and design.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus

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Introduction
Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewellery, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaners. It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Deco

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1. This kind of pattern are commonly found in interior design, wallpaper or the textile surface etc. It has the characteristic of the art deco of bold designs, clear lines, and patterns. It has shapes of curved/ half circle which covered with bold outlines and were constructed in line by line arrangement. Inside the bold curved shape consist of thinner curved lines that form a texture. The whole composition  occurs similarity, repetition, harmony, and the arrangement of the patterns create space and depth.

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2. This is a sculpture named Victoire. This sculpture represents a female figure, with her hair trailing behind like a wing, who seems to be facing into the wind.

It was influenced by art deco style, where it combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials.  The art deco style used was a celebration of the machine age, which found expression in the sleek new machines for transport, such as trains, cars, motorcycles, and ships. The movement used in this sculpture was also putting attention towards the social and physical liberation that technological innovations brought in the 1920s. The sculpture gives the feeling of freedom, elegant, fragile and brittle sensation.

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Introduction
Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin. This was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. He wanted 'to construct' art. The movement was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijlmovements. Its influence was pervasive, with major effects upon architecture, graphic design, industrial design, theatre, film, dance, fashion and to some extent music.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(art)

Constructivism, or Construction Art, is not only an art movement, but architectural movement as well. Constructivism is an acceptance of modernity. The results of the movement were meant to create social changes or to create social impact with a certain purpose in mind. Graphic design in this movement was totally abstract and emphasized a lot on geometrical and mechanical shapes and designs. Such designs were produced on logos, book covers, posters, or even advertisements as propaganda tools.

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1. Pure Red Color, Pure Yellow Color, Pure Blue Color (1921) by Artist: Alexander Rodchenko. Rodchenko's focuses only on the material character of color, and it is considered the first artwork to do so.
In the colour model, the primary colour are Red, Yellow and Blue and in his composition, it was presented almost as a palette from which the artist can work. This is typical of the Constructivist attitude to materials, which was focused not on transforming them into art but on utilizing their properties in the most honest and effective ways possible. His composition might be trying to construct the meaning behind , and it somehow looked abstract.

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2. This composition of constructivism style look abstract in the way of arrangement. It also emphasized a lot on geometrical and mechanical shapes and designs. The whole composition has the design of variety, dominance, movement in a very abstract and rebellious way. The colour implied in this composition were contrast, as white contrast with black and red contrast with the background. It also played around with some typography, which was san serif typefaces here and there.

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3. The Barack Obama "Hope" poster by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential campaign.

This composition using the style of constructivism such as the typical colour used red, blue, bold lettering, geometric simplicity, heroic poses. This Obama posters are reworkings of the techniques of revolutionary propagandists. It also involves the acceptance of modernity, and the movement were meant to create social changes or to create social impact with a certain purpose in mind.

With using the colour of red, blue and bright colours, the colour used were balance and contrast as red is a warm and intense colour, it gives the mood of energetic and rebellious feelings; whereas blue is a cool colour, it creates feeling of calmness; so it construct the feeling of rebellious yet calmly/patiently waiting for hope and brightness.

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4. This poster design very much influenced by constructivism art. It has the architectural movement, also the combination of modernity art and the graphics of cigarettes together. This graphic design was abstract and emphasized a lot on geometrical and mechanical shapes and designs. The total composition were constructed in a symmetrical balance and unity. The typography of san serif typefaces were tried to bring out awareness or to create social impact which the tobacco will harm human body in such a propaganda way of representation.

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3. Chrysler Building was design by William Van Alen, is an art deco icon of the New York skyline. The building consists of the most recognizable aspects are the seven arched crowns at its top, each of which bears a distinctive sunburst pattern.
The arches of the shimmering spire evoke spinning chrome hubcaps as well as rising suns, and the slick, geometric quality of the crown reflects the drive toward streamlined, machine-age elegance typical of American Art Deco.

The building has the design of symmetrical balance, variety and unity feeling which the artist design the geometry shapes in repeating but in different sizes, movement and stability as we can see that the building was shooting up steadily towards the sky. Chrysler Building itself is also a dominance of the New York skyline which look eye catchy and interesting.

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1.  This composition gives feeling of 2D and 3D illusion. The composition are playing with thin lines that are horizontal and vertical and it was repeating. These lines create depth and space that can be mistaken as 3D and 2D illusion when you look from afar. It also creates movements such as up down, back and front and seem to always continue and continue forever.

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1. This was a composition by Ernst Keller, lovingly known as the “father of Swiss design.” He belief that design should adapt to content placed focus on the importance of typefaces. In this composition, there are many characteristics of Swiss style, with the use of asymmetric layouts, use of a grid, sans-serif typeface. It also uses shapes and lines to form the form of bird and snake which looks architectural and also interesting.

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4. This composition of art deco consist of its characteristics of bold designs, clear lines, geometric shapes and architectural design. The composition also showed the charactertics of lines where bold, steadiness, formality, power, expectation, motion lines were impplied in the geometric shapes and architectural design. The overall composition look balance and the colour scheme were more towards tint, tones and shades that it gives a moody, sad feeling.

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2. Homage to the square by Josef Albers . This composition were constructed by same format of four different colour squares. Through this composition, colour is explored, each colour brings out its mood and visual effects. Analogous colour scheme was used in this composition as the colour used was next to each other, orange, pink, purple. The composition looked harmony, heartwarming with the perfect used of contrast.

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3. This composition looked common in the use of architecture or interior design. It was made up of different geometries squares or rectangle, and also are constructed by thin and bold outlines. The composition consist of space big or small, movement with the line connecting one another, hierarchy that the most eye catchy one is the biggest red square. The use of colours are primary colours, red yellow blue that looked contrast with the feeling of warm and cool at the same time, together with the neutral colour of black and white.

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2. This composition of Swiss style looked simple and objective with using graphic, photography along with the typography and typeface.

The grid was also used in the composition as it looked organized, neat and readable. Giselle would be the hierarchy as it is the important message to be conveyed. The whole composition was using black and white, and shades; the typography using white so to be contrast with the black background, and the graphic uses shade so it could also be contrast with the background and could be differentiate with the typo.

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4. This was known as Factory by Albers. This artwork has the combination of architecture, art and design, colour. The composition is full of bold geometry lines and points, the lines seem to be joining among each other and it creates movement, space, depth. Me as a viewer will tend to view from the starting point then followed by the new lines begin very smoothly. This composition gives the idea of a tall building, condo, factory as it looks so similar and familiar.  The colour used is black&white with red background, so it creates depth and contrast.

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3. This is a poster design. The composition were influenced by Swiss Style as it has many of its characteristic. The composition looked interesting, readable, eye-catchy. The designer played around with the typography, san-serif typefaces, with using grid and lines, arrangement and alignment that look neat and creative. I can see that in my point of view, this designer has his own style in creating the composition, and also playing around with the intense colour of red, white and black by making it look contrast and readable.

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4. This composition was inspired by Swiss style. It has the characteristic that emphasizes readability, cleanness and objectivity. The composition also made used of the asymmetrical layout, grid, sans serif typeface. It has movement that the viewers eye tend to see from the hierarchy part 'build to spill' in the center to the top part then to the bottom part. I like the way it conveyed message in a clean, simple and clear way, at the same time playing with the colour scheme design, which made this composition looked more interesting.

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Present-day artwork Comment
5. This composition is a modern day web design. With the used of Bauhaus movement, there were architectural design in it, such as geometrical shapes, asymmetrical design, and the triangle as splitting of the image content, the grid used. The used of the san serif typeface were also one of  the Bauhaus movement.

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Present-day artwork
Comment
6. This one of the modern days composition of graphics design. The design were influenced by Bauhaus Movement as I can see many of the Bauhaus characteristic were used such as architectural design where the composition were constructed by the used of geometry and geometric shapes and lines, its colour were the stereotypical of Bauhaus design,  and the san serif typeface were well known of Bauhaus design. It was a well organized, beautiful, and attractive composition.