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Luke Perko, Dallen Gray, Kosei Abe, Sultan Sultan, Gracie Boe

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Luke Perko, Dallen Gray, Kosei Abe, Sultan Sultan, Gracie Boe

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Document 1

1. One of the things we found to be significant was how Chile's economic crisis was intentionally worsened to undermined Allende's government. We found this to be significant because it highlights how the United States feared socialist influence within the Western Hemisphere, especially during the Cold War and in the wake of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Another thing we found to be significant was that they Chile was not asking for their loans from the United States to be reinstated, but they were instead just asking the UN to recognize how the US's restriction of payments was affecting their financial situation. We found this to be significant as it almost reads as a cry for help from the Chilean people to have their struggle recognized by the UN. A final thing that we found to be significant was Allende talking about how the people of Chile had managed to fight to reclaim their government for the people. We found this to be significant as it highlights how the people of Chile believed that, prior to the election of Allende, their government did not work in the best interest of them, the people of Chile.

2. One thing the document cannot tell us about the US response to Allende in power is how the people of the US responded to the US's opposition of Allende's Chile. Was this a popular decision, was it unpopular, or was this just generally unknown to the US people?

3. We can come to the conclusion that Allende's claims of the US sabotaging their economy were completely justified, as documents 2 and 3 were internal memos within the white house that were planning on, and admitting to attempting to, sabotage Chile's economy by withdrawing loans and pulling private businesses out of Chile.

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Braden Rouse, Joanne To

1. Identify three things that the author says in the document that are significant.

The information that he comes from Chile is significant because it gives us context of the geographic location.

His country is confronting problems regarding the 'struggle for social liberation, the effort for well-being and intellectual progress and the defense if national identity and dignity.'

He comments on the struggle to overcome capitalism and open the way for a socialist process.

2. Source limitations? List one or two things that the document cannot tell us about Allende, Chile, or the US response to Allende in power.

His underlying motivations.

The efficacy of his speech to the broader audience.

3. Analysis/interpretation: What conclusions or interpretations can we make based on our reading of these documents and what we know about the context in which they were produced?

Although Allende spoke to the UN requesting help he was ultimately unsuccessful in receiving political intervention/assistance.

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Jared Zaiss, Abbie Phipps, Shirlyn Mwangi, Conrad Johnson

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Jared Zaiss, Abbie Phipps, Shirlyn Mwangi, Conrad Johnson

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We went with Document 1 (Salvador Allende's speech to the UN)

he says "those who make peaceful revolution impossible make violent revolution inevitable" this mirrors what JFK said about blocking peaceful reform and how it can lead to violence

he also says "but Chile is also a country whose retarded economy has been subjected and even alienated to foreign capitalist's firms, resulting in a foreign debt of that [4 billion US dollars]" he puts the blame for the continuing financial crisis in Chile on the international community

"Imperialism and its cruelty have a long and ominous history in Latin America" this reflects both the previous statements as the second statement directly addresses the issues of Chile while the first statement could serve as threat to the imperialist capitalist influences from the US and Europe in Chile

Limitations

strong political bias, he is the leader of his country and as a result will do and say whatever he needs to in service of his nation

He is the only one at the speech with first hand knowledge of the conditions in Chile

Conclusions

he is making a plea to his constituents in the international community to help bc he believes their actions have resulted in much of the economic suffering in his country.

there is too much bias in his speech to use as an only source for knowing the conditions of Chile but it is helpful to know the general disposition of its leadership and how they view the rest of the UN

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Sasha Atwood, Zavian Sullivan, Esthefany Bojorquez, Sofia Dorante 

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Sasha Atwood, Zavian Sullivan, Esthefany Bojorquez, Sofia Dorante 

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Document #2

1) "The election of Allende as President of Chile poses for us one of the most serious challenges ever faced in this hemisphere."

In the Cold War context, U.S. foreign policy prioritized containing communism over respecting democratic outcomes, especially in Latin America, which the U.S. considered its sphere of influence. The language reflects fear of ideological spread rather than concern over Chile's internal governance.

2) "In my judgement the dangers of doing nothing are greater than the risks we run in trying to do something"

U.S. leaders feared that allowing Allende to govern successfully would encourage similar movements elsewhere. The audience for this memo was President Nixon and top officials, which explains its blunt tone and willingness to discuss intervention openly. It shows how U.S. involvement in Chile was not reactive but planned and justified internally as a strategic necessity.

3)"He has legitimacy in the eyes of Chileans and most of the world; there is nothing we can do to deny him that legitimacy or claim be does not have it."

This exposes a contradiction between U.S. values and actions. While the U.S. publicly promoted democracy and self-determination, this memo shows officials privately recognized Allende's legitimacy but still considered undermining him. Kissinger is advising the President pragmatically, not morally.

Source limitation:

1) Didn't show how the citizen or the public thought about the election.

2) This source fails to give information about Allende's political career and what actions he would take while in power.

Analysis:

This document shows that during the Cold War, U.S. leaders interpreted democracy as acceptable so long as it aligned with anti-communist goals, leading them to justify intervention in Chile despite acknowledging its democratic legitimacy.

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Source 1

1)-“a small country but one where today any citizen is free to express himself as he so desires” this is significant because the author specifically adds where today meaning in the past they couldn’t express themselves freely.

-“We find ourselves opposed by forces that operate in the shadows, without a flag, with powerful weapons that are placed in a wide range of influential positions.” This quote shows how Allende was aware of the tactics being used to weaken Chile’s government.

-“The need to place all our economic resources at the service of the enormous needs of the people went hand in hand with Chile's regaining of its dignity. We had to end the situation as a result of which we Chileans, plagued by poverty and stagnation,” this is significant because they want their country to flourish but also wrong moves hurt already hurt people and it can damage their economy even worse.

2) This source cannot tell us is the measures the US would go to, to stop Allende, we know they don’t want him in power but if he acted what would the US do.

3)We can infer that the US wasn’t in favor of the idea of Allende being in power and wanting to grant Chile economic independence. It can also be concluded that even though they made efforts to hide it, the US wasn’t hypocritical in their position on freedom when it comes to freedom for other countries.

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Names: Ellie Phillips, Calin Swan, Phia Angel, Natalie Tish, Wren Olson

1. The author discusses how socialist views can be democratic and fit with the UN's ideals. Allende is shaming the Parliament because their policies are hurting children in accordance to food necessities, and education needs. Allende discusses hypocrisy of foreign policy and how it is not good for Chile and their citizens.

2. We do not know who Allende is as a person, and his experiences. We also do not know if any of his "evidence" is valid.

3. Allende is a socialist, we can also tell that he is from Chile as he discusses growing up and seeing the changes in the Parliament.

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Olivia Hilton, Mason Pirello, Delaney Corcoran

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Olivia Hilton, Mason Pirello, Delaney Corcoran

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Source 3

1. In the third document, the US is issuing a formal statement about the election of Allende. They're addressing their approach to Allende being elected and saying that they want to be "cool and correct" while putting pressure on Allende. This is significant because it defines the way they want to approach him cautiously and it addresses the way the US is viewing his position. Another thing that is significant is the US consolidating efforts with other countries such as Brazil and Argentina against Allende and claims that his political moves may be against the countries mutual interests. The US is consolidating power with other countries and working together to limit Allende's power and policymaking. Finally, the US directly opposes the communist ideas and policies that Allende subscribes to and makes it clear that despite approaching him in a calm and collected manner, they will do anything in their power to oppose him and keep him from creating a communist state in Chile which could be in opposition to the US and similar countries.

2. In terms of limitations, the document doesn't address Allende's reasoning for wanting to implement socialist ideas and only vaguely mentions the copper industry which is being threatened by Allende. The document doesn't address a lot of the issues Allende brought up in the first document about poverty or exploitation and instead frames him as a threat. It only tells us about the interests of the US and the financial and political reasons for opposing him without acknowledging any issues being faced by Chile.

3. At the time Allende was elected, there was a huge effort to oppose socialism and communism. Especially in the US, people in political positions consolidated power with nations opposing communism and provided economic benefits and aid to any countries that might be susceptible to communism. Their reaction to Allende being elected in Chile was an effort to oppose communism and limit those ideas from spreading to other countries which is why it's being addressed as such a big threat. There is also economic gain for the US keeping Chile in it's role as an underdeveloped country because it allows them to exploit Chilean copper. Because the copper industry was mainly supplied through Chile, losing that would mean losing large amounts of profits.

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Sam Mungai, Chris Saunders, Jack Unneland - Policy Towards Chile (Document #3)

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Sam Mungai, Chris Saunders, Jack Unneland - Policy Towards Chile (Document #3)

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1. "The President has decided that the public posture of the United States will be correct but cool, to avoid giving the Allende government a basis on which to rally domestic & international support for consolidation of the regime; but that (2) the United States will seek to maximize pressures to implement policies contrary to U.S. and hemisphere interests" This is significant to our understanding of the history of the Cold War in Latin America because it shows the United States taking non-violent action against a foreign country in order to influence their elections & government efficiency, while also appearing neutral. "Necessary actions to be taken to...restrictive nature of the policies which the US government intends to follow" This is significant because it's expressly listing the tactics & policies that will be implemented to undermind Allende's authority as he had earlier claimed. "The President has also directed that the Senior Review Group meet monthly or more frequently as necessary to consider specific policy issues within the framework of this general posture" This information is significant because it shows that this won't just be a one-time appearance as the US plans to continue operating under policy to influence & affect the Chilean government.

2. We have no information on the public opinion, nor do we know about the information of other Latin American countries

3. The main context is within the Cold War with the United States, heavily influenced by the Red Scare, & newly liberated Latin American countries establishing governments and forms of representation within the world. Our group has interpreted these documents to show that the US is willing to abandon certain beliefs surrounding democracy in order to secure border & hemispherical stability within their own opinion.

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Sydney Garza, Araceli Santana, Tim Guier

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Sydney Garza, Araceli Santana, Tim Guier

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Source 1

1. A. Allende says that Chile is getting attacked, but in a quiet way rather than open aggression. Chile is instead getting attacked from a finacial standpoint, and that theyre on a fincacial-economic blockade. This is important because Chile from the outside looks like they're fine, but inside they're finacially hurting

B. Chile is experiencing source limitations, such as medicine, supplies, spare parts, and schooling for their children. This is important as it shows more about what the finacial blockade is effecting in Chile.

C. Allende says that the US is taking Chiles copper from them. This is important because it shows capitalism because the US is taking the copper from Chile. Then the US is getting more money than Chile is would be getting for it.

2. With the Source limitations Chile is without Protein/food for children, medicine, supplies/equipment. From this document we can assume that Allende is democratic. We also know that the US never responded to what Allende thought.

3. The conclusions that we can come that the US was involved in everything that was talked about. We were able to see the plans that from another point of view, and really put everything into perspective on what was true vs. what wasn't.

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Matias Burzenski

TJ Neal

1. "The U.S. opposes consolidation of a communist state in Chile." This is significant as it explains why the U.S. were worried about Allende as he was a Marxists and didn't want the spread of communistic ideals to spread throughout the Latin-Americas.

2. "To coordinate efforts to oppose Chilean moves which may be contrary to our mutual interests." This is significant as it shows that the U.S. plans to use the surrounding countries of Chile to stop Chile from gaining more power by putting pressure on them.

3. "Prepare a study which sets forth the implications of possible developments in world copper markets." This is significant as Chile was known for its copper mines and the U.S. didn't want Allendes presidency to affect any relations they had with Chile.

Source limitations: One thing the source doesn't give us is the perspective of the other side as the 3rd source is a U.S. government document.

Analysis: The U.S. didn't want their inclusion of the downfall of Chile to be known as what they had done could be viewed as wrong/breaking policies.

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Lauren Kotowski, Conrad Brown, Paul Byers

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Lauren Kotowski, Conrad Brown, Paul Byers

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1. In the 3rd document, the author says that the US intends to use a financial institution as a political tool. The US respects democratically elected presidents in other countries, but in this case, they did not like the man who was elected (Allende). Since Allende was legally elected, the US could not force him out, so they attempted to buy out and shut down the government.

2. It doesn't tell Chile's side; it only presents the US's perspective, which is very biased. The article is very vague on purpose; it talks about their plans but very loosely, without specifics.

3. The US's methods were questionable, and the intention was to uphold its ideologies of freedom and democracy. The fact that Allende was legally elected caused a very big problem for them; it made it more difficult to manipulate Chile.

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Payton Zdenek, Camila Lewien, Jailee Ottman 

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Payton Zdenek, Camila Lewien, Jailee Ottman 

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1. three significant things:

1. they were saying that other countries were taking advantage of chile since they are poorer and dont have good access to military

2. the fact that the source was directed toward the united nations. He wanted to try and stand up for what he belived was right and how they were being mistreated and it was morally incorrect

3. the US inserted themselves into their government and politics and did things to the trading to put them into more debt and crashed the economy.

2. it doesn't discuss the other nations surrounding them, it is mentioned briefly but never fully discussed.

3. we can't know how truthful they are being since we weren't there, but if we had to guess we would assume Allende is since Kissinger is jumping to conclusions without any previous mention of actually knowing Allende's intentions.

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Group members: Madelyn Reynolds, Tony Gonzalez-Moya, Leo Espinoza

2nd Source - White House Memorandum

Three significant things

1. Illustrate Allende as an extreme Marxist that is aggressive and does not align with the US's ideals. He was democratically elected so the US can't directly intervene. They also fear that the Chile will side with the Soviet Union and more countries will follow after them.

2. The documentation proves that Allende was correct, that the US is plotting against him and they're figuring out ways of how they can take him down. They are not going to intervene but help out the Chilean military with a coup since they want to overthrow Allende. I

3. The document does not care about the Chilean people's interest, only the US's interests. Chile closed off their copper the US wants those resources so they are trying to get Allende overthrown.

Source limitations

The document never talks about the Chilean people, their interests, how they view Allende. The document only lists the interests the US has in Chile.

Analysis/Interpretation

the US was aware of the plotting to overthrow Allende, they instigated it. The US was also fearful that Allende was democratically elected since he was a marxist. They feared that other countries would follow suit and elect a marxist government.

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Document 2:

1. The first thing that the author said that stood out was when the United States acknowledged that the newly elected president was one of the most challenging things they have faced. This is significant because it shows one, how scared the U.S was of potential communist leaders, and two, how overly dramatic and how serious they were in keeping idealogical control of the western hemisphere. The second thing that stood out was how the U.S was concerned about the loss of investments. What this shows is that the U.S was using the concern of Communism as a mask to control resources in other regions to earn a profit. The final thing that stood out was how the U.S wanted to use overt-aggression to get rid of Allende before he becomes a problem. What is intriguing about this is it shows how the U.S wanted to deal with problems while maintaining face to continue earning profit from other countries.

2. The source limitations of this document is bias. This document is from the Secretary of State and is written by one person. This document is only sent one person, the President. The document is extremely one sided and doesn’t really account for much of Allende’s perspective.

3. What our group can conclude from this source is that the United States first of all wanted to maintain a good public image when dealing with potential threats. Two, the United States wants to maintain profit from these countries. Finally, three, the United States does not care if a country is only asking to be independent, if you aren’t with them you are against them.

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Discussion: AJ Hroza, Tiago Van Der Ven, Ryan Mcfaren, Will Emerger

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Discussion: AJ Hroza, Tiago Van Der Ven, Ryan Mcfaren, Will Emerger

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Using document 1 by Salvador Allende. 1. Significant points

Corporations over governments: Allende argues that multinational corporations have more power than states, which reflects Chile’s conflict with U.S. copper companies after nationalization.

Democratic socialism: He stresses that Chile chose socialism through elections, challenging the Cold War idea that socialism was undemocratic.

Economic pressure: Allende claims economic sanctions can be as harmful as military force, pointing to U.S. economic pressure on Chile.

2. Source limitations

The speech doesn’t show how well Allende’s policies actually worked in Chile.

It doesn’t give specific evidence of U.S. involvement.

3. Analysis

The speech shows that the Cold War conflict involved economic and corporate power, not just military force. Allende frames Chile’s situation as part of a global struggle over sovereignty, helping explain the international opposition his government faced.