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Writing and spreading the  world
After years of fighting women got the right to vote in Britain and also in the USA

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http://allthatsinteresting.com/suffrage-movement-art

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One hundred years ago, on June 4th, 1913, Emily Wilding Davison fatally threw herself in front of King George V's horse at the Epsom Derby in England. She died four days later from severe injuries but was immortalized as an international martyr by her fellow Suffragettes. However, as we pass its centennial anniversary this year, it's not just the movement we remember but also the way women championed their cause-and still do-through art.

Running with the motto "Deeds, not words", the Suffragettes' primary aim was to win women the right to vote. While the more militant branch of the movement planted bombs and even burnt buildings down in its pursuit of equality, many saw the suffrage movement as a chance to realize mutual respect for the sexes, the likes of which had never been seen before.

After years of dogged campaigning, organizing and agitating, women over 21 were finally given the right to vote in 1928 in the UK and in 1920 in the USA, following the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

While Davison lost her life before the king's feet those 100 years ago, she breathed new life into the suffrage movement, as many mark Davis' widely-disseminated death as a turning point in the movement. Whatever her true intentions that day, her actions inspired the work of poets, playwrights and artists from around the globe; the same can be said regarding the work of the movement's other salient figures, like Emmeline Pankhurst, the founder of the Women's Social and Political Union.

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One hundred years ago, on June 4th, 1913, Emily Wilding Davison fatally threw herself in front of King George V's horse at the Epsom Derby in England. She died four days later from severe injuries but was immortalized as an international martyr by her fellow Suffragettes.

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Reflecting on images........

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Women Workers and Suffrage

What we have here are many photos of women publicly demonstrating. There are probably 200 articles about women demonstrating in public between 1900, 1910 and 1915. That's a good chunk, and a lot for historians to draw on. What you can do is you can juxtapose these photographs, one next to the other. Some of the photographs of women publicly protesting, marching in the streets holding signs, are going to be about women who are protesting work conditions for women-striking workers, for instance-others are specific to suffrage. What I would do with students is to talk to them about the differences in the photos and the continuities, so that you can see that the suffrage movement is taking lessons from the movement to protect women workers. Which is not always the same as the socialist movement, or the general workers campaigns, partly because major organizations are run by men and do not embrace women workers and do not attempt to protect them, nor do they see them as anything really but flies in the ointment. A spare population of workers who will work for less and will dilute the ability of men to demand better conditions and wages.

If we look at the striking women workers, and you can see where the techniques that the leaders of the suffrage movement, votes for women, took their cues. And one of the things they did-which is similar to the political cartoon that we just looked at-is they made sure that all the women looked fabulous. So they are wearing big hats and they were wearing as expensive clothes as they can afford, even when they are striking women workers. This did cause comment in the newspaper because it seemed in some ways to be a contradiction of terms. You're talking about how you can't really live on the salary that you make while at the same time you're trying to look like a leisured individual.

But for the most part it worked in this important way: it got their picture taken. And it made people attracted to and amenable to their message because they looked young and fresh and fashionable and they just seemed more appealing. This is at a moment when the public sphere was becoming inundated with images and the images in large part are of women. This is the emergence of cinema; it's the emergence of advertising. So being able to look like those images that are held up as ideals for young women gave them an edge in the public consciousness; even if it created a kind of logical conundrum. It also made them sort of stand up straighter, feel proud, feel unified by their sex. It seemed to have a real centrifugal impact on their organizing.

I would point out that about the striking workers, and if you move from looking at the striking workers to looking at suffrage parades-which became a powerful way to get the public attention by about 1910 and certainly we're at the height of this in 1913-this becomes the talk of the nation.

Using the Press

What you see are dramatic displays where women are coordinated in their dress. White became a symbol of the suffrage movement, so they're borrowing from the traditional iconography of womanhood, they're borrowing the notion of purity, they're also borrowing from notions of white supremacy. It sort of works on a lot of different levels.

So in, for instance, 1913 you see at the head of that suffrage parade a very well-known, young, beautiful lawyer-female lawyer-who is dressed in white in a long, white, dramatic cape and is sitting astride a pure white horse. That suffrage parade is heading past the Capitol. The first public protest to ever petition the White House, to stand outside and demand attention in front of the White House-which is a familiar image now for early 21st-century Americans [because] this is what you do when you want attention and you want to call the powers that be on the carpet and you want to demand something from them-but the first one was a suffrage parade. And it was talked about as very controversial. Women were being bold. This was lead by two leaders-young leaders; a new generation of what's often referred to as militant suffrage women, because instead of working behind the scenes and working through contacts with powerful men, they went directly to the public. They also got arrested for what they were doing and also staged hunger strikes in prison, which also got them an enormous amount of attention.

They-Lucy Burns and Alice Paul-organized this particular one on the eve of the inauguration of Woodrow Wilson, the day before the inauguration. So they were very savvy. They knew the press was in town, they knew people were gathered there for the next day. And there was almost no one to greet the newly elected president when he stepped off the train because everyone was downtown watching the women marchers.

So they were very coordinated, they were all about using the press, and that's new. The press is relatively new, so it's not a surprise that 19th-century suffragists were not as able to take advantage of them-it simply didn't exist really until the end of the 1890s. It is the first time you really see the suffrage movement using that to its full advantage.

A Change in Tone

So this is probably the most famous photograph of women protesting outside of the White House. The text of their banners reads: "Mr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?" and "Mr. President, what will you do for women suffrage?" This is 1918, so it's at the end of Wilson's term as president and they had been waiting for Wilson to make a commitment in one direction or the other. And this is on the eve, of course, of the passage at the end of the year in 1920. You can see that they are boldly demanding, rather than politely asking. That too is a change in, not only the tactics of the suffrage movement itself, but kind of the tenor of public debate in the country. That there was an opportunity with urbanization and with increasing mass media-which became more and more, I'm sure some contemporaries thought vulgar, and other contemporaries thought frank and direct. There also is a frankness and a directness that's new to the suffrage campaign.

The parade that I was talking about was with women all dressed in white. Not all the women were dressed in white; some were dressed in academic regalia or their professional insignia to signify that these are a wide range of women from different backgrounds. That same parade allowed black women to march-at the back. And that was a, I'm sure, a very difficult moment for many of the people in the parade-for black women and for white women who had been committed to the principle of racial equality, which included many of the leaders of the suffrage movement who had made, I'm sure, some very painful compromises with that philosophy, hoping to bring Southern states, where the principle of Jim Crow and segregation was front and center throughout this time period. This is often talked about as the nadir of race relations in the United States and lynching is an issue that has been brought to the fore by black women such as Ida B. Wells-Barnett, who is at that parade-and refuses, in fact, to walk at the back and at the last minute just emerges out of the crowd and joins somewhere towards the middle to the front. That was also an exciting moment for Ida B. Wells-Barnett and for the history of the women's suffrage movement. Her defiance of the racism within the movement signaled an unwillingness of black women to take that backseat.

Video 1: Video 2: Video 3:

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Women Workers and Suffrage What we have here are many photos of women publicly demonstrating. There are probably 200 articles about women demonstrating in public between 1900, 1910 and 1915. That's a good chunk, and a lot for historians to draw on. What you can do is you can juxtapose these photographs, one next to the other.

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Suffragettes vs Police........

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One hundred years ago today, on Jan. 12, 1915, the U.S. House of Representatives voted to reject a constitutional amendment that would have given women the right to vote. The final vote - 204 against and 174 for - came at the end of a 10-hour debate.

It was not until five years later, in 1919, that the 19th Amendment passed, giving the vote to all American women. (Women had only previously been permitted to vote in certain states.) Here's a collection of dramatic photos from the women's suffrage movements in the U.S. and UK, circa 1910-1920.

(via Mashable/Retronaut)

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Suffragettes vs. Police: Historical Photos of Women's Suffrage Movements in the 1910s

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One hundred years ago today, on Jan. 12, 1915, the U.S. House of Representatives voted to reject a constitutional amendment that would have given women the right to vote. The final vote - 204 against and 174 for - came at the end of a 10-hour debate.

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Sibilla Aleramo- " Una Donna"

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In "Una donna", romanzo autobiografico pubblicato nel 1906, Sibilla Aleramo si mette a nudo, sentendosi la prima "donna moderna"

Ho molto amato "Una donna" di Rina Faccio, nome d' arte Sibilla Aleramo. Soprattutto ho amato lei, la scrittrice del primo romanzo "femminista" italiano: fin dal nome che si è scelta è tutta un manifesto programmatico, Aleramo è infatti l'anagramma di "amorale", così si sente lei: spudorata, scandalosa, eccentrica, autodidatta, scrittrice senza censure, "pellegrina d' amore", simbolo di donna ribelle e trasgressiva. Nel libro autobiografico, che è una sorta di romanzo di formazione, Sibilla racconta la sua adolescenza difficile, con l'abbandono da parte del padre prima idealizzato, la demenza della madre e poi la vita adulta, il matrimonio "riparatore" con un marito non stimato, fino alla decisione di abbandonarlo, rinunciando dunque all'adorato figlio Walter. Qui finisce il romanzo e qui è tutto il suo dramma, attualissimo.

Perché se è vero che nel 1906, data di uscita del libro, una donna che anteponeva il suo diritto alla felicità all'amore materno era uno scandalo per tutti, anche oggi le donne che mettono la carriera al primo posto sono guardate con sospetto. Questo libro non è un capolavoro, ma la scrittura è sempre talmente sincera, come uno sfogo tumultuoso, che le perdoni la frequente retorica, tutti quei punti esclamativi, in fondo Sibilla è un po' dannunziana o l'ultima romantica. Si sente "la donna moderna" che ha sofferto più di tutte, con quel marito colpevole di stupro quando lei aveva appena 16 anni che poi la ossessiona con la sua gelosia, la tormenta, la picchia... fino al tentato suicidio di Sibilla e poi alla sua presa di coscienza graduale grazie allo studio e al confronto con gli altri. Così Sibilla Aleramo s'impegna con tutta la sua passione per trasformare la propria vita in un' opera d' arte, sostenuta in questo percorso dalla trama di relazioni fra quel gruppo di "donne nuove" - da Anna Maria Mozzoni a Anna Kuliscioff, da Maria Montessori a Eleonora Duse, da Matilde Serao alla "santa laica" Alessandrina Ravizza - che furono vere antesignane della rivoluzione femminista degli anni 70. Personaggio affascinante, Sibilla infaticabile scrittrice di lettere, come un torrente in piena che spaventava gli interlocutori, scrisse ad amanti e amici, a Giovanni Cena e Vincenzo Cardarelli, a Umberto Boccioni e Salvatore Quasimodo, a Giulio Parise e Clemente Rebora, e a Dino Campana ("amai perdutamente Campana per non lasciarlo solo nella sua follia..."). E poi a Giovanni Papini e alla moglie di lui, Giacinta, per convincerla a lasciarlo, alla giovane intellettuale ravennate Lina Poletti cui la legò un' intensa passione. Non teme mai Sibilla di esporsi, anzi grida a tutti " amo dunque sono" (come s'intitola il suo romanzo epistolare del 1927), rende dicibile il desiderio femminile, proclama il diritto alla felicità. C'è tutta la crisi della famiglia borghese è l'urgenza di una nuova morale che giustifichi il diritto di una donna a vivere la sua vita. Femminista, pacifista, e, dopo il 1945, convinta comunista, Sibilla Aleramo certamente non si adeguava a ruoli o immagini femminili tradizionali, e questo me la rende cara, con tutte le sue contraddizioni e anche la sua fragilità, lei che nonostante il successo del primo libro, tradotto in tutt'Europa e negli Stati Uniti, morirà in povertà, conducendo una vita quasi da nomade.
Con Una donna di Sibilla Aleramo proseguela collanaI classici della letteratura. Grandi autrici": 22 romanzi scritti da grandi donne del '700, '800, '900, selezionati e introdotti a cura di Dacia Maraini. In edicola con il "Corriere della Sera" a 7,90 € più il prezzo del quotidiano.

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SCRITTRICI/ L'amorale Sibilla, il diritto alla felicità e la rinuncia al figlio adorato

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Ho molto amato "Una donna" di Rina Faccio, nome d' arte Sibilla Aleramo. Soprattutto ho amato lei, la scrittrice del primo romanzo "femminista" italiano: fin dal nome che si è scelta è tutta un manifesto programmatico, Aleramo è infatti l'anagramma di "amorale", così si sente lei:...

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Malala and her ideas about education and women

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Girls Can Change the World-But We Have to Invest in Them First

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Activist Malala Yousafzai writes that if we want a brighter future-for them and for ourselves-we must invest in female education today.

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What do you know about women's rights in Europe? In other European countries?

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Learn about what happened with WW1 and next

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Citation: C N Trueman "Suffragettes"
historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, . .

The Suffragettes wanted the right for women to vote.

The move for women to have the vote had really started in 1897 when Millicent Fawcett founded the National Union of Women's Suffrage. "Suffrage" means the right to vote and that is what women wanted - hence its inclusion in Fawcett's title.

Millicent Fawcett believed in peaceful protest. She felt that any violence or trouble would persuade men that women could not be trusted to have the right to vote. Her game plan was patience and logical arguments. Fawcett argued that women could hold responsible posts in society such as sitting on school boards - but could not be trusted to vote; she argued that if parliament made laws and if women had to obey those laws, then women should be part of the process of making those laws; she argued that as women had to pay taxes as men, they should have the same rights as men and one of her most powerful arguments was that wealthy mistresses of large manors and estates employed gardeners, workmen and labourers who could vote........but the women could not regardless of their wealth.....

However, Fawcett's progress was very slow. She converted some of the members of the Labour Representation Committee (soon to be the Labour Party) but most men in Parliament believed that women simply would not understand how Parliament worked and therefore should not take part in the electoral process. This left many women angry and in 1903 the Women's Social and Political Union was founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvia. They wanted women to have the right to vote and they were not prepared to wait. The Union became better known as the Suffragettes. Members of the Suffragettes were prepared to use violence to get what they wanted.

In fact, the Suffragettes started off relatively peacefully. It was only in 1905 that the organisation created a stir when Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney interrupted a political meeting in Manchester to ask two Liberal politicians (Winston Churchill and Sir Edward Grey) if they believed women should have the right to vote. Neither man replied. As a result, the two women got out a banner which had on it "Votes for Women" and shouted at the two politicians to answer their questions. Such actions were all but unheard of then when public speakers were usually heard in silence and listened to courteously even if you did not agree with them. Pankhurst and Kenney were thrown out of the meeting and arrested for causing an obstruction and a technical assault on a police officer.

Both women refused to pay a fine preferring to go to prison to highlight the injustice of the system as it was then. Emmeline Pankhurst later wrote in her autobiography that:

The Suffragettes refused to bow to violence. They burned down churches as the Church of England was against what they wanted; they vandalised Oxford Street, apparently breaking all the windows in this famous street; they chained themselves to Buckingham Palace as the Royal Family were seen to be against women having the right to vote; they hired out boats, sailed up the Thames and shouted abuse through loud hailers at Parliament as it sat; others refused to pay their tax. Politicians were attacked as they went to work. Their homes were fire bombed. Golf courses were vandalised. The first decade of Britain in the twentieth century was proving to be violent in the extreme.

Suffragettes were quite happy to go to prison. Here they refused to eat and went on a hunger strike. The government was very concerned that they might die in prison thus giving the movement martyrs. Prison governors were ordered to force feed Suffragettes but this caused a public outcry as forced feeding was traditionally used to feed lunatics as opposed to what were mostly educated women.

The government of Asquith responded with the Cat and Mouse Act. When a Suffragette was sent to prison, it was assumed that she would go on hunger strike as this caused the authorities maximum discomfort. The Cat and Mouse Act allowed the Suffragettes to go on a hunger strike and let them get weaker and weaker. Force feeding was not used. When the Suffragettes were very weak..........they were released from prison. If they died out of prison, this was of no embarrassment to the government. However, they did not die but those who were released were so weak that they could take no part in violent Suffragette struggles. When those who had been arrested and released had regained their strength, they were re-arrested for the most trivial of reason and the whole process started again. This, from the government's point of view, was a very simple but effective weapon against the Suffragettes.

As a result, the Suffragettes became more extreme. The most famous act associated with the Suffragettes was at the June 1913 Derby when Emily Wilding Davison threw herself under the King's horse, Anmer, as it rounded Tattenham Corner. She was killed and the Suffragettes had their first martyr. However, her actions probably did more harm than good to the cause as she was a highly educated woman. Many men asked the simple question - if this is what an educated woman does, what might a lesser educated woman do? How can they possibly be given the right to vote?

It is possible that the Suffragettes would have become more violent. They had, after all, in February 1913 blown up part of David Lloyd George's house - he was probably Britain's most famous politician at this time and he was thought to be a supporter of the right for women to have the vote!

However, Britain and Europe was plunged into was to be vital for Britain's war effort. In 1918, the World War One in August 1914. In a display of patriotism, Representation of the People Act was passed by Parliament. Emmeline Pankhurst instructed the Suffragettes to stop their campaign of violence and support in every way the government and its war effort. The work done by women in the First World War

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Women's right to vote - Suffragettes - History Learning Site

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Citation: C N Trueman "Suffragettes"historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, . . The Suffragettes wanted the right for women to vote. The move for women to have the vote had really started in 1897 when Millicent Fawcett founded the National Union of Women's Suffrage.

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A  woman's  voice      Shakespeare's sister by V.Woolf

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A  woman's  voice      Shakespeare's sister by V.Woolf

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http://ww3.haverford.edu/psychology/ddavis/psych214/woolf.room.html

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Watch the trailer and if you can , watch the film. You'll learn about these women

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Suffragette Official UK Trailer #1 (2015) - Carey Mulligan, Meryl Streep Drama HD

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Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK: http://goo.gl/dHs73 Follow us on TWITTER: http://bit.ly/1ghOWmt Suffragette Official UK Trailer #1 (2015) - Carey Mulligan, Meryl Streep Drama HD SUFFRAGETTE is the first ever feature film to tell the inspirational story of the foot soldiers of the early feminist movement who risked everything in the fight for equality.

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http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/struggle/suffragettes1/suffragettes.html

http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/struggle/suffrage/suffrageintro.html

http://www.bl.uk/learning/citizenship/campaign/myh/newspapers/gallery1/suffragettenewspapers.html

http://www.teachinghistory.org/best-practices/examples-of-historical-thinking/25634

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"The Dirty Pool of Politics"

One of the things that I would emphasize with students are the abundance of political cartoons that are produced in the first two decades of the 20th century. Mainly because this is a moment when the mass circulation of daily newspapers has reached its full potential and is reaching hundreds of thousands of customers in each city locale and also across cities.

This cartoon, which is called "The Dirty Pool of Politics," and what it shows is a fashionably dressed woman with an elaborate hat and very up-to-date and trendy clothes with a shovel, and she's shoveling dirt in front of her as she goes and the dirt is characterized as "White Slavery," Graft, Food Adulteration-and these are problems of the city, of the moment. And the point of the cartoon-which says, "Can we clean it? Give us a chance"-is to talk about how women are imagined as having a greater instinct for cleaning, a greater commitment to it, and investment of it, a set of skills and experiences that allows them to be, not only the cleaners of their own homes, but municipal housecleaners. This is a very prominent theme by the 1890s and by 1900, when suffrage becomes once again on the public consciousness and you see the merging of the two kind of rival suffrage associations-the NWSA [National Woman Suffrage Association] and the American Women's Suffrage Association-the national and the American. This is what they're going to, in a large part, base their rationale on.

So instead of what we had seen for most of the second half of the 19th century, which was an emphasis on the human right to political participation that should be shared equally by men and women, so a principle, you see a change in tactics. Not that many of the suffragists actually gave up thinking along those lines, but they certainly switched rhetoric to something they felt would be more practical, more pragmatic, and some historians have used the term expedient. The one closest to hand was the idea that women are responsible for the home and in an industrialized context the home is no longer a private domicile that a woman has control over the quality of. So if you want to be able to clean up your home, if you want-one of the things in this cartoon was food adulteration, you want to make sure that the meat that your serving your children is healthy and not rotten, that the fruit is clean and hasn't been soiled by being sitting out in an open market, if you want to make sure that the water coming into the home does not have disease in it, does not have airborne or waterborne diseases. All of those things [are] going to require the woman to actually step out of the private sphere and into the public sphere and have some political participation and some influence and control.

So this cartoon shows you right at the beginning of that movement the opportunity that women are seizing upon. To say we require the vote in order to be the traditional mothers and homemakers that we agree we primarily are. It's a very powerful and very effective and strategic argument and a cartoon like this says it in a very short punchy way.

Reading Visually

One of the things I might demonstrate for students is to how to read the document visually. So not only how to look at the caption and think about the context and talk about the politics of the moment, but also to really look at the visual. And I emphasized at the beginning of my description that this woman is very fashionably dressed. And what that should raise for students are questions of class and also questions of how women needed to portray themselves in public in order not to violate not only the traditional idea that they are the domestic managers, but also that they need to look attractive.

So one of the other things that suffragists by the early 20th century figure out and manage to get a hold on to is that they're going to be much more publicly effective if they come across as appealing, attractive, fashionable, rather than militant in a specific way, meaning hostile to the role that women play as ornament. So you see the combining of these two things-that you can be a political person who seems to be stepping out of her sphere and not unattractive to men, and not uncaring about one's appearance. And also that this is an issue that upper-class women can grasp hold of and find an investment in, in addition to their philanthropy, in addition to their charity work, they can see political participation as something that aids them in that. Because it's not-it is their home that is at issue, but it's also poor women, immigrant women, women who have recently migrated to cities who live in tenement slums whose water is choleric, whose garbage is right outside their door-homes where they don't have any control over the quality. So, I think that cartoon says a lot and you can talk to the students for a long time about all the different aspects of this.

Public Perception of Women

One of the things I would also point out and that the students are usually struck by are the demon-like figures of Food Adulteration, Graft, White Slavery, Bribery-that these are the evils that plague our society at the moment. These are the things that threaten the nation, they threaten industrial production, that these are key important issues. But if you look closely at what they are, they're also a lot about two things. Political corruption, so the idea also is that women might be more moral because they come from a sphere that is imagined as uncompromised by capitalism. So they can come in with not only fresh eyes and a fresh perspective, but they are also treading on a kind of conventional idea that has grown in the minds of many for the past century that women bring a moral sensibility. So they wouldn't stand for corruption and bribery.

White Slavery is kind of thrown in there, and that might be something that you might also talk to students about-it might take you a little bit off topic, but this is how I would keep it on topic. White slavery is the notion that women-white women-rather than black people, the whiteness there is very key, are being taken across state lines, are being forced into prostitution, being forced into sex slavery. And again this is imagined as a woman's issue, because women are thought to care about the lives of other women and about the moral turpitude or the moral character in general of society at large. So there's a lot you can do with a very concise image if you really take a look at it and mine it for all the different dimensions that it presents.

One of the reasons that I think that this is a key issue is that of course there's also an anti-suffrage movement. And it's not made up only of men who can't see past the idea that women will be their helpmates and be there for them when they get home from work-it's also made up of a good number of women-a significant portion, especially of upper-class women, who feel-who agree that women might have to step out of the private sphere into the public sphere but they want to do so much more carefully. They're much more circumspect about official roles in the public sphere, particularly the vote. And here's the logic to that-and there is a logic to that, it's not simply a misogynist or diluted or consciousness problem, it's a logic of the argument of being a social housekeeper and the moral force in society. If your moral character comes from being protected from the public sphere, it comes from being solely responsible for the care of children and loved ones in the family unit, then the fear is that if you step too far outside of that, you yourself will lose those qualities. So what anti-suffrage women argued is that women should take responsibility for households other than their own, for the community and maybe the city at large and that there were roles for them to do so. There were professional occupations such as social worker, there were reasons to do that, but that the ballot went too far. The ballot put them in the same position as men and might actually erode the special qualities that they brought to the question of something like public health. So the public health campaign is central to the Progressive era, it becomes central to the tug of war between women over whether or not to support suffrage or not.

Video 1: Video 2: Video 3:

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"The Dirty Pool of Politics" One of the things that I would emphasize with students are the abundance of political cartoons that are produced in the first two decades of the 20th century. Mainly because this is a moment when the mass circulation of daily newspapers has reached its full potential and is reaching hundreds of thousands of customers in each city locale and also across cities.

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When studying English Literature  I came across the many voices of women's writers who  wanted to achieve  more.

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When studying English Literature  I came across the many voices of women's writers who  wanted to achieve  more.

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The XX century was the century of the great social and economic changes that reshaped Britain and its people. Some women started to fight.... for their rights and the rights of their daughters........then WW1 started ........