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Radical sexual ideals, community connection, isolation, decline in supporter

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Desire for economic and gender equality, closer connection to religion.

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AKA: The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing (branched off from the Quakers).

Withdrew from the profane world and formed disciplined religious communities

Men and women both equal in power

Placed community governance in the hands of Eldresses and Elders

Should have  no sexual pleasure and marriage, so their population wasn’t increased in a traditional manner.

They grew their population due to people joining their section and also adopting many young orphans.

Had belief that God was a dual person, both man and woman

Their communities were self-sustaining comfortable due to their furniture making which acquired a reputation for quality

Soon virtually disappeared as more orphanages popped up and took in orphans and new law denied religious groups to adopt

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In the 1830’s, in order to seek refuge from economic depression, the lower classes of farmers, artisans, and religious leaders established utopias, which allowed them to live differently and realize their spiritual potential. The Shakers and the Oneida community were all radical socialists who used religious arguments, gender equality arguments, and economic reform ideals in order to experiment with rural utopias. They all challenged existing social norms.

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John Noyes

shaker’s lack of intercourse was problematic.

Perfectionism

Protestant movement, believed Christ already had his second coming, and that it was possible for everyone to be perfect.

Complex marriage,

members of community were married to one another.

Prohibited alcohol and tobacco

Told men to stop orgasming during intercourse

prevents multiple pregnancies

Rejected monogamy

Break away from traditional marriage and wanted free love.

Encouraged sexual activity for young.

Used power to manipulate young women

Was alerted he would be arrested for statutory rape, so he fled to Canada.

Manufactured silver to gain economic growth

All these principles derived from Noyes’ interpretation of the Bible, outlined in Bible Communism in 1848

Oneida Community,

Manufactured silverware to gain economic growth

remained successful until the middle of the 20th century