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In Freudian terms, Kurtz has pulled off the ID ( the dark, inaccessible part of the personality with no ethical or moral values, source of creation, but also the seat of destructive forces, a life force, but also the source of death-wish, the essence of the self) free from the SUPER-EGO ( the moral precepts of the mind as well as its ideal aspirations, the controlling agent of the satisfaction of needs). The wilderness has ‘ whispered to him things about him that he did not know’ and has disturbed his spiritual and mental balance. The EGO (the will or consciousnesses) can no longer function properly. his soul has become ‘mad’, the risk that is run when the ID is not controlled. By scarifying the ideals of order, discipline and duty (Marlow’s work) entrusted to the SUPER-EGO, Kurtz has gained knowledge of the ID but has been destroyed by it.

There is another psychological level of interpretation, that of the double or Doppelgänger, the self as being made up of two selves. Man after the Fall is made up of both the primitive and the civilized, the animal and the spiritual: both must live together in an uneasy relation with each other. To attempt to divide the two, or to return to the primitive without the controlling guide of morality, for the sake of satisfying brutal desires ( Kurtz’s unlawful lusts and unspeakable rites) is to create evil.

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J. Conrad 4

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J.Conrad 3

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J.Conrad 2

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Joseph Conrad 1