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Rebuilt their city after the Persian war in a time of great cultural achievement.

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Persians failed to unite Greece under Athens so quarrels over trade divided Athens and Corinth. Athens and Sparta grew tensions and eventually War broke out.

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An alliance of city-states with Athens and its leader. Included 140 city-states.

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After the battle of Thermopylae, Persians marched to Athens. The Persian army distorted Athens. The Athens ruler tricked the Persians to attack st the Salmis Straight were Athens navy was waiting for the Persian fleet which was outnumbered

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In 490 B.C. The Persians invaded Greece itself and the Athenians, (even though outnumbered) defeated the Persians.

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The Persians launched an attack on several Greek city-states. A small group of Spartans met the Persians at a mountain pass. The Spartans were outnumbered but they fought until the end.

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Ruler Darius lead Persians to crush Greeks after Persian wars from 500 B.C. - 479 B.C.

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-Only Athenian men had full political rights. Women could not vote or hold office.
-Slaves stood at the bottom of the Athenian society.
-Many Athenians were sea traders.
-Metics were non citizens who worked as merchants or artisans.
-Slaves and metics made up more than half of the Athenian population

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-Athens had an aristocratic government after its monarchy ended. They did not write down laws until 621 BC.

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-2 kings. One lead the army, the other ruled at home.
-Council of elders: 28 men over the age of 60 who proposed laws.
-Ephors: made sure the elders stayed within the law.
-Assembly of all men over 30 voted to accept or reject laws proposed by the elders.

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-Half citizens were free, paid workers.
-Equals were descended from invaders and they controlled the city-states.
-Helots were the slaves for Sparta.
-Helots hated the Spartans.
-Sparta controlled their citizens from birth. Their goal was to train all Spartan men to become part of the military.