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This is a comic of Usury - the practice of lending money at exorbitant rates

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John Huss, he was called for reform in Bohemia: Disserter

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Martin Luther putting up the 95 theses, his statements attacking the merchants

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english protestants who wanted to "purify" anglican of catholic elements

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a split in the church caused by elders and founded by John knox

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called for reform in England in the late 1300 early 1400s

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to withdraw or revoke

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the practice of lending money at exorbitant rates

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5.	What was the role of the printing press in the spread of new ideas? (SOL WHII 3.c)

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5.	What was the role of the printing press in the spread of new ideas? (SOL WHII 3.c)

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Role of the printing press

·    Growth of literacy was stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press.

·    The Bible was printed in English, French, and German.

These factors had an important impact on spreading the ideas of the Reformation and the Renaissance

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4.	What were some of the changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies during the Reformation? (SOL WHII 3.c)

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4.	What were some of the changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies during the Reformation? (SOL WHII 3.c)

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Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies

·    Growth of secularism

·    Growth of individualism

·    Eventual growth of religious tolerance

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3.	What were the major economic, political, and theological issues involved in the Reformation? (SOL WHII 3.b)

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3.	What were the major economic, political, and theological issues involved in the Reformation? (SOL WHII 3.b)

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Reformation in Germany

·    Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending the authority of the Pope in their states.

·    The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church.

·    Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War).

Reformation in France

·    Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Nantes (later revoked).

·    Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict.

Catholic Reformation

·    Dissenters prior to Martin Luther: Jan Huss, John Wycliffe

·    Counter-Reformation:

–    The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practices.

–    The Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world.

The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine.

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2.	What were the beliefs of Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I? (SOL WHII 3.a)

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2.	What were the beliefs of Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I? (SOL WHII 3.a)

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Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition)

·    Views: Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, all humans equal before God

·    Actions: 95 theses, birth of the Protestant Church

John Calvin (the Calvinist tradition)

·    Views: Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic

·    Actions: Expansion of the Protestant Movement

King Henry VIII

·    Views: Dismissed the authority of the Pope in Rome

·    Actions: Divorced; broke with Rome; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England

Queen Elizabeth I

·    Anglican Church

·    Tolerance for dissenters

·    Expansion and colonialism

Victory over the Spanish Armada (1588

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What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity? (SOL WHII 3.a)

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What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity? (SOL WHII 3.a)

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Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome

·    Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury.

·    German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church.

·    The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict.

·    Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict.