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For my interview, I interviewed a close friend of mine who is a Director of Information technology. He also works with software development for websites and mobile devices. The authentic text that he shared with me is the Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. It is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). He informed me that he uses this document on a daily basis.

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The syntax of this document is very organized. The entire 25-page document is organized with a table. There are two columns. The left column is the titles of each of the sections. The right hand columns correlate with the titles in the left columns. In the right columns are paragraphs that describe and go into detail of what the titles are. The information goes in order of what HIPAA is. For example, the very first few boxes are describing what it is with background information. Then it goes into detail about who this rule is covered by and then other important information about this rule. Throughout the text, there are hyperlinks that people can press on to get more information on a concept. This makes the text interactive. There are certain words that are bolded and concepts/vocabulary words that are organized in bullet points. This helps the reader better see the different concepts and give the layout of the text some character. Some phrases are italicized like Administrative Simplification. It is a term that was defined throughout the paragraph. This is another way to show that this term is important. The layout is clear and understandable. It starts with a clear table of contents to help the reader navigate through the text. The titles of the paragraphs are bolded and in big text. These syntax features help the reader’s eye see what is important in the text.

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There are a few symbols that are present in this text. There are a lot of acronyms throughout the text. This saves time for the writer and the reader reading the shortened words. There are also letters that are symbols such as A and E on the OCR website. The letters are subparts to that website. The last symbol that I found was 13 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 121.104. These numbers show where the health plans are located in the CFR. Looking through the text, I was not able to find any symbols other than what I stated above. The text was very clear with what it stated. If there were symbols, I would imagine that they would be defined in the text.

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The discourse of this text is for someone who is older and who works in a field who uses HIPAA. There are many large words and phrases that might be difficult for readers to understand if they do not have the right discourse. A lot of the words were professional concerning the wellbeing of protecting patient’s health information. There is a lot of information about laws and disclosure that a person who has knowledge on those topics would have better understanding of those sections.

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The vocabulary in this document is very specific to HIPAA. The words are mostly specific to the Elements of Privacy Rule. There are a set of standards stated to help protect the patient’s health information. Most words are specific to HIPAA and the Privacy Rule. Some words I recognized as I was reading the HIPAA Privacy Rules were drugs, health, bills, treatment and health care. These specific words are commonly used in the English language and in school. These words could be used in different discourses depending on the context that the students are reading the words in.                                                                                                    There were some bigger more advanced terms that students most likely would not know unless they had background knowledge on that concept. These words are more specific to the context of the rules. Some examples are transaction rules, health care clearinghouses, and a covered entity. Some students might have difficulty reading this document with the words and phrases that are present. It will be beneficial for the teacher to teach these words using the context clues and using academic language they are familiar with to make connections to understand the concepts. There are ways that teachers can educate students on these words by doing activities and to do close readings on the text. If some students have no idea or background knowledge on health and what comes with being a patient, they might have trouble grasping the concepts.

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I think that there are many skills needed to become successful reading this text. One of them would have to be able to find background information on a topic before reading a specific text. For example, finding out what HIPAA means and how it is used. The students can learn techniques on how to search the internet. Another skill would be to know how to find the important words. The students should learn that key facts or words are usually bolded or italicized. By recognizing these words they can underline them and then make connections with them if possible. I believe that organization skills are important as well. Students should learn how to organize papers, lists, or information in chronological order or in a way that makes sense with the information given. Looking at the Privacy Rule would be a great example to show the students a type of organization. This also gets them exposed to different types of jobs that consist of this rule. They also need to learn how to read charts or know what a chart is. This is how the document is laid out so in order for the students to be successful they need to know how to navigate through this text successfully.

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There are many symbols throughout the text. The operations in math are symbols like +, -, /, X, and ( ). These are what students would use to help them solve a problem. There are different symbols to help the student know what type of geometric figure is presented. If there is a triangle and both of the long sides have a slash in it, then that means that both of those sides are congruent. There are also different ways to draw lines that can be segments, lines, points, or rays. It depends where the arrows are or the dots at the end of that line. All of the symbols in the text will be continuous through a student’s math career.

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The other type of authentic text that I studied is a middle school math text book named Math Thematics. Throughout this project, I will be looking at the text and comparing the two sources.

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The discourse of this text would be for middle schoolers. The discourse that is presented in the book is specifically for the use of math. The questions and statements that are given all relate back to the key vocabulary words that the students need to understand to learn the math concepts. The reader of this text book would have to have some type of knowledge of math concepts and terms to be able to understand what is being said. There are some examples used to help the reader relate the concepts back to the real world.

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The syntax of this text book is organized. There is a table of contents that go in order of what each chapter will be about. There are eight chapters that have six sections per chapter. There is a lot of color coding throughout the book. For example, headings and important words are in a different colors. Also, important words are bolded and in a different color to make it known that this is an important aspect. There are different checkpoints throughout each of the chapters. At the end of the chapters, there are extension questions and a review and assessment section. The new academic language that is presented in the chapters have definitions for the students to read. There are multiple examples given for each of the concepts and a selected answers section in the back of the book for students to reference to.

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There are many skills that students would need to be successful with this text. One would be to learn how to follow steps when they are given. There are step by step example problems that are there as a resource. They need to understand in what order problems need to be solved. This can be done by looking at the examples and following the steps in chorological order. They would also need to know certain vocabulary words that pertain to math. Some words would be denominator, numerator, different shape names, common multiples, etc. These words are used in life that the students could come across. Therefore, they would/ should have some knowledge or do some research to make their reading of the text easier.

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The vocabulary is very specific to the math academic language. The text is at a lower academic language level for middle school students to understand what is being said in the text. Most of the terms are what students have already been exposed to in their previous math classes. If there are new academic language that they do not understand, there are definitions presented. Some math vocabulary words that are present in the book are product, multiplication, fractions, and polygons. There are also some words in the book that are general academic language. This would help the students have a better understanding of what the text is saying since they have this knowledge on the general academic language. For example, patters, explain, and symmetry are types of words used. To help students understand the vocabulary, examples would be beneficial and relating the concepts back to the real world.

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The textbook itself would not help the reader understand how to read the HIPAA document. The textbook specifically has math concepts that the students need to know for a particular math class and does not relate itself back to the document. For specific jobs that are required to use HIPAA, there are most likely some math concepts in the textbook that companies use. In the text book there are problems where it asks the reader to explain why and how they solved a problem. This correlates with the logic and reasoning behind why people do what they do. This will help students see that their explaining for problems in the math textbook will help them explain real world problems in life, at a job, or if the job requires HIPAA. The HIPAA document does explain why it has certain aspects in the document. This is where the students can relate reasoning with the math text book and HIPAA.

The HIPAA document does not directly state that the person who is using the document directly uses math at his or her job. Students who reading this might get confused as to how this relates to math concepts in the work field of a person or company who uses HIPAA.

The textbook does have real world problems that they have to solve based on what target the section is on. This can help the students understand that if they are in these situations that they will need to know the procedures to use when solving that particular situation. It is our job as teachers to help make those connections with a math text book to different authentic texts out there like HIPAA. This might spark an interest in a field for a student.

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I have heard of HIPAA a few times since my friend is studying to be a nurse. I did not have the necessary background knowledge of the content unless I actually read the document. When I first saw it, I was intimidated because there was a multitude of words and 25 pages. Then I saw how it was broken down and it did not seem as tedious to look into. This text would be helpful to show students how different discourses could relate and connect with others. For instance, the HIPAA document relates back to information technology which also deals with math.

When looking at the math text book, I noticed it looked just how math text books looked back in middle school. I loved how there are examples for each sections and descriptions on how to solve concepts. It was colorful which made it more intriguing to read. This text is important for students to interact with because it will help them get a better understanding of concepts and how math relates back to the real world and how it all connects with one another.

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Some similarities are that they have particular language that relates to the topic that the texts are talking about. There are key words and phrases in each text that are bolded for importance. They both are organized in a particular way that the author thought would be beneficial for the reader.

The difference in the two texts are the types of discourses that they are intended for. The audiences range from middle schoolers to adults. The HIPAA document does not have any examples, whereas the math text book practically has examples on each page. The HIPAA document is on the computer that has hyperlinks to different documents. The math text book is a hard copy where all of the information is presented in the book.