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1. Describe the economic, political, and social conditions that gave rise to the French Revolution.

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1. Describe the economic, political, and social conditions that gave rise to the French Revolution.

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The Old Regime affected the ordinary citizens because they were going bankrupt due to the funds going towards Versailles, bourgeoisie, and the aristocrats. Also Louis XVI was not a good king and could not meet the needs of the citizens. Also not enough money or food was given to the third estate and a famine was spreading. The First estate was made up of clergy of Roman Catholic Church they scorned Enlightenment ideas. Second Estate was made up of rich nobles they held highest offices in government, and they disagreed about Enlightenment ideas. Third Estate included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers, they had no power to influence government, embraced the Enlightenment ideas.

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9. Explain some of Napoleon’s most lasting achievements and why they are significant.

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9. Explain some of Napoleon’s most lasting achievements and why they are significant.

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Stopped Corruption in France,(lycées)public schools, (Napoleonic Code)comprehensive system of laws, (Concordat)treaty with the Catholic Church

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8. What did the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 had their roots in?

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8. What did the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 had their roots in?

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In 1848, the Second Republic (gave all men the right to vote, had a one house legislature, decided to have a strong president) was replaced with the Second Empire. (more similar to a monarchy) In 1830, Charles X limited the right to vote, and Belgium became an independent state while Poland was split up.

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7. What was the Congress of Vienna was and its effects thereafter?

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7. What was the Congress of Vienna was and its effects thereafter?

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An international conference (1814-15) held at Vienna after Napoleon's banishment to Elba, with Metternich as the dominant figure, aimed at territorial resettlement and restoration to power of the crowned heads of Europe.he Congress of Vienna gave Britain and Prussia more power and spreading nationalism lead to revolution. It began to spread to areas under foreign control and the resulting revolution led to new nations forming. The Latin American colonies, in other words, took advantage of the events that were occurring in Spain

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6. Who was Napoleon? What he was able to accomplish during peacetime? What was his Napoleonic Code?

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6. Who was Napoleon? What he was able to accomplish during peacetime? What was his Napoleonic Code?

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Napoleon was quite a short man just 5'3. He was recognized as on of the world's greatest military geniuses. Napoleon rose from relatively obscure position as an officer in the French army to become master of France.  He created a code of laws, public education, set up a fairer tax code, and stabilized the currency.This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy, a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon, Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the "family monarchy". Modified after Napoleon's defeat.

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10. Be able to intelligently explain these terms: social contract, John Locke, Great Fear,  Three Estates, Old Regime, King Louis XVI ,Natural Rights and the Tennis Court Oath. 

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10. Be able to intelligently explain these terms: social contract, John Locke, Great Fear,  Three Estates, Old Regime, King Louis XVI ,Natural Rights and the Tennis Court Oath. 

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Social Contract- Initially proposed by Socrates, this was an agreement between people of a society to abide by laws and accept punishment (if you live in a society, you agree to follow the rules). People agree to sacrifice some liberty in order to gain more protection.

John Locke- Most famous Enlightenment Philosopher. Also considered to be the first. Came up with the Natural Rights ideas.

Great Fear- Issued August 26, 1789. Became the constitutional blueprint for France and the enlightenment philosophy, freedom of expressions and religion, taxes could be raised only with common consent, all public servants accountable for the conduct in office, separation of powers through separate branches and citizen applies to all French people regardless of class

Three estates-
The religious part of France. Consisted of less than 1% of population. paid little to no taxes to the king. collected tithes from the third Estate. Owned 10% of land

Second Estate

The nobles of France. Owned 20% of land. were wealthy and paid no taxes

Third Estate

The lower class of France. Consisted of the majority of the population. Had almost no rights. Paid heavy taxes.

Old Regime- The old system of government that divided France into 3 groups.

King Louis XVI-  Was the king of France during the Revolution. He was seen as a monarch that spent money extravagantly when the rest of France was living in poverty.

Natural Rights- All men are created equal and have the right of life, liberty, and own property.

Tennis Court Oath- Pledge made by the members of the National Assembly (3rd estate) in 1789, after the Estates General meeting in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

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2. How were the American Revolution and the French Revolution they same? How they were different?

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2. How were the American Revolution and the French Revolution they same? How they were different?

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Both the American and French Revolutions were focused around liberty and equality. Both countries were trying to gain freedom. America was trying to gain freedom from the rules and taxes put upon them by Great Britain. Whereas the French wanted to abolish the French monarchy and create a better government in which the people could have more of a say in society. Although the revolutions of both started for very similar reasons, and both countries fought for the same thing, the outcomes of the two were very different.The American Revolution was caused by a majority of the America population becoming unhappy because of how the British were ruling them. They believed they deserved more freedom from the British. The French Revolution was started by French’s lower class because they were unhappy with how they were being treated. Although both of the wars were caused by similar reasons, they were started by completely different kinds of people

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5. What was the Reign of Terror and who was its leader?

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5. What was the Reign of Terror and who was its leader?

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In July 1793, Robespierre became leader of the Committee of Public Safety. For the next year, Robespierre governed France virtually as a dictator, and the period of his rule became known as the Reign of Terror.

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4. What was the Estates-General and what issue called it to meet for the first time in 175 years?

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4. What was the Estates-General and what issue called it to meet for the first time in 175 years?

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Rather than cutting expenses. Louis put off dealing with the emergency until he practically had no money left. his solution was to impose taxes on the nobility, However, the Second Estate forced him to call a meting of the General-Estates an assembly of representatives from all three estates to approve this new tax. The meeting, the first in 175 years, was held on May 5, 1789, at Versailles.

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3. What was The Declarations of the Rights of Man? (make sure to include its importance and what it was inspired by) 

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3. What was The Declarations of the Rights of Man? (make sure to include its importance and what it was inspired by) 

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Weeks later, the National assembly adopted a statement of revolutionary ideals, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the citizens Reflecting the influence of Declaration of independence, the document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in right." These rights included "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression." The document also guaranteed citizens equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.