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The British Home Office (Metro Police)

Canada (CFS, Mounted police)

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FBI Laboratory

Drug Enforcement Administration laboratories

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Laboratories

U.S. Army Crime Investigation Laboratory

U.S. Postal Inspection Service Laboratories

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Forensic Science- the application of science to the court of law

Criminalistics- the application of scientific techniques

in collecting and analyzing physical

evidence

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No over testing to falsely change results

valid, reliable standards of comparison

Use accurate, reliable equipment

Adequate examination

Interpret and/or evaluate findings

Explain opinions and conclusions

Don’t state conclusions and opinions beyond the area(s) of personal expertise

Give proper weight and certainty to opinions and conclusions

Don't confuse fact and opinion

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Ethics – the branch of philosophy dealing with human conduct, with respect to the right and wrong of certain actions, and to the good or bad of the motives and results of the actions.

Forensic Science – the applying of science to the law, enforced by the police in a justice system

Chain of Custody –  the paper trail, analysis, and removal of physical and electronic evidence

Physical evidence – an object that can show that a crime happened, or can tie a crime and its victim or criminal

Impartiality – not biased, fair

Expert Witness – the  Scientist and or Crime Scene Technician showing the results of an  investigation in a court

Testimony – the words of a witness under oath in court

Rules of Evidence – decide if, when, how, and why proof of a case may be shown to a court for consideration

American Academy of Forensic Science –  the biggest forensic science organization in the world.  Scientists can choose to follow their local ethics or these ethics

Preservation – to keep hold of or retain for safekeeping

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Forensic science is science relating to legal matters and questions

Principles and procedures of the forensic science investigation are the same for both criminal and civil cases

Physical evidence -
Recognize
Preserve
Analyze

Link or exonerate suspects

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ASCLD-LAB
Accredits crime labs

ISO
Certifies Crime labs

ASTM
Certifies analysis materials

ABC
Certifies people for forensic science

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Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners

American Academy of Forensic Sciences

American Board of Criminalistics

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College education

Internships

training provided by the employing agency

External training

FBI National Academy

Workshops

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Forensic Scientists – Bachelor of Science (BS) or higher in natural or physical science

Criminologists  – BS or higher in sociology or psychology

Coroners – equivalent to MEs in some jurisdictions; some are elected county officials who handle corpse and death investigation

Prosecutors – Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) in criminal law

Crime Scene Investigators – law enforcement officers with a certification, such as one from the International Association for Identification (IAI)

Medical Examiners – licensed pathologists possessing a Doctor of Medicine (MD), that have completed several years of internship in pathology

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Drug Enforcement Administration

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives

U.S. Postal Service

U.S. Secret Service

Central Intelligence Agency

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Services

Teaching at community colleges and universities

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Federal, State, and Local Crime Laboratories

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Latent Prints

Forensic Biology

Toxicology

Controlled substance

Firearms

Questioned documents

Trace Evidence

Crime Scene Investigation

Forensic Photography

Forensic Anthropology

Forensic Computer Science

Forensic Engineering

Forensic Entomology

Forensic Pathology

Forensic Psychology & Psychiatry

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Forensic Scientists

Criminologists

Crime Scene Investigators

Coroners

Medical Examiners

Prosecutors