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This quote is from Chiang Kai-Shek who was the military leader. This quote helps represent the want for organization and world peace that China had. They knew they held power in their resources but their military was never strong enough to protect them.

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“Only a fighting nation can make itself responsible for world peace, and such a nation must organize its material resources and manpower with the highest possible degree of efficiency.”

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This chart shows the increase of opium that Britain forced into China. It got up to almost 7000 metric tons.

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The Qing Empire became an important place for trade. That being said, transportation was extremely important. They decided to construct railroads which was copied from the west. These railroads were used to import and export goods.
The Qing Empire also had a very weak military which was not benefitial to fighting against britain. They tried to reform the army by creating stronger and weaker armour to help move around faster, and inventing machine guns. These inventions did strengthen the army slightly, but Britain was always stronger.

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Opium was extremely important to the imperalism in China. If there wasn't opium addiction and growth in Britain, they would have had a much harder time gaining control of China since it was their form of currency. It caused most of the problems that were documented such as the wars, economy, and enviornment.

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The British and French were still not allowed to trade at the Bejing port, so the Second Opium war began. The British decided to loot the palace. They also attacked the Gaungzhou and Tianjin port cities. Britain won the war. The Tietsin Treaties were created which allowed ports to be opened up in Bejing to Britain.

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The First Opium war took place because Britain wanted to trade with China, however China didn't allow Britain to use their trading ports due to the fear of social insecurity. Britain being frustrated by this decided to go to war. The war was won by Britain and as a result, China had to hand over Hong Kong which was written into the Unequal Treaty of Nanjing. Britain was still dissatisfied after the first war, and a few years later the Second Opium War occured.

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The Spheres of Influence cartoon is showing european countries cutting a pie which symbolises the ports of China. In the picture, China is hovering above the countries essentially trying to stop them. It respresents the lack of control China had against everyone socially and politcally.

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A lot can be said about the rapid change in economy throughout this time period. For starters, China produced a lot of desirable resources such as tea, silk, and porcelain. They had many different ports which were open to most European countries. They traded in return for silver. Britain didn't possess enough silver to trade, and they had a strong desire for the resources China offered. To solve this problem they tried to use the addictive drug opium instead as currency, however China refused this offer. This caused the 2 opium wars. Britain began importing opium into China to start addiction and China mangaged to burn most of it at first. Almost 7000 metric tons of Opium ended up in China, and it became to much to burn.

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The Qing Dynasty inheritted religions such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. This became a huge part of their dynasty even throughout the wars. Opium was a huge part of peoples lives as well as it was woven into their lives. Art also flourished during this time period. Art such as painting, sculpting, poetry, and even opera were looked up to and seen as a positive to all that was going on.

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Interactions between Human and Enviornment

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Interactions between Human and Enviornment

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One way imperalism affected the enviornment was through Opium. Opium was being grown almost everywhere in Britain. Aside from Opium, silver was constantly being mined across the world in order to trade at China's ports. People would strip mine to find silver.
Because of natural disasters, famine was breaking out. This famine made people in China very hungry and hard to converse with. This did not help with communication between nations.

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A lot of political issues took place during Britain's imperalism in China. The two main wars that broke out were the Opium wars. During these wars treaties were also created. Once the wars were over the Qing Empire collapsed and reformed into the Republic of China. The Open Door Policy was also created which forced China to open up their ports to everyone. China did not like any of the treaties or policies but had no control over the imperalism.

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                                          Social

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                                          Social

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Small divisions between were set based on ethnicity, religion, and social economic status when the Qing Empire was formed. If you were a peasant or merchant in the Qing Empire you were set at the lower end of the ladder. These people were called the "mean people".
Aside from this, China initially didn't want to interact with Britain because they didn't want to bring the opium addiction into the empire. They were afraid the addiction would cause social insecurity, and they wanted a strong nation. British was upset that they couldn't interact and trade with China would led to political conflicts. Wars broke out with led to the spheres of influence. The spheres of influence made it so everybody was able to interact and trade with China.