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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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a twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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the gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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a photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line
may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to
height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses
volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a
sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the
lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

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the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art,  works with pattern to make the work of art seem active

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the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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Gradients, also known as color transitions, are a gradual blending from one color to another color.

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors. Blue is the only primary color within the cool spectrum. Greens take on some of the attributes of yellow, and purple takes on some of the attributes of red. They are often more subdued than warm colors.

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One group of colors in the color wheel is associated with the sun, warmth and fire. These colors are called warm colors since they evoke warm feelings in people. Yellow, red, orange and different shades of these colors are warm colors. These are the colors of preference for calm, timid children of low energy.

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In the context of interior design, neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones. White might be slightly ivory, yellow, bluish or peachy.

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Complementary color combos tend to be bold, which is why sports teams often use this formula for their colors.

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Colors that are all a single hue.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another.

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a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1.

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is the space around and between the subject of an image

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the subject or areas of interest in an artwork.

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illumination from behind.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something.

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any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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Orthographic views are two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards.

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In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor.

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In motion picture technology.

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An image sensor is a device that allows the camera to convert photons

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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a randomness caused by your camera sensor and internal electronics, which introduce imperfections to an image.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light

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the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed.

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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the camera still sets the exposure for you.

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect.

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs.

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the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.”

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial Metering Mode – collects data from a small circular area in the centre of the frame. It covers about 10-15% of the entire scene.

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Center-weighted Metering evaluates the light in the middle of the frame and its surroundings and ignores the corners.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black.

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A shadow is defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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meaning one tone or one color.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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It shows you what you have set in terms of exposure compensation and/or auto exposure bracketing.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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white balance in digital photography means adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural.

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Switches they layout and look of the environment.

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A strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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The range of colors used by a particular artist or in a particular picture.

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a horizontal bar, typically located at the top of the screen below the title bar, containing drop-down menus.

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The options bar is used to choose settings for each tool

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Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.

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the ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.

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Image resolution is the detail an image holds.