# data[].attributes.body
From Wendy's post: I think Engaging students in communicating in scientific ways is the foundation for both Engaging students in analyzing and interpreting data and observations and Engaging students in constructing explanations and arguments. Likewise, both the ability of a student to communicate in scientific ways and analyze and interpret data and observations are both necessary to be able to construct explanations and arguments.

From Maggie's post: Students must be able to communicate in scientific ways in order to ask the right questions and gather the right data. The sentence stems on the Communicating in Scientific Ways poster highlight this purpose because they guide students to weed out nonsensical ideas and focus on lines of thinking that can be tested. At that point, they can analyze and interpret data and observations with purpose, and only then can they use the data and observations to construct explanations and arguments.

# data[].attributes.body
Explanations = claim + evidence + science ideas/theories + logical thinking

Argumentation: comparing competing explanations or claims, includes peer critiques

Includes clear and respectful communication

What is the main difference between explanation and argumentation?

explanation: explaining the phenomenon

argumentation involves COMPARING and considering from multiple angles; challenging someone else's thinking (or their own)

When is this strategy used in a lesson?

Used any time when students are reasoning about observations and other forms of data, communicating to come to common understanding of storyline

Predicting future events or making inferences about past events

# data[].attributes.body
Build on student curiosity to put together logical explanations supported by evidence and scientific theories

Develop scientific habits of mind

Help students develop a storyline of how observable events happen

Support students in testing explanations or new ideas

Support students in evaluating the quality of logic and evidence

Promote shared understanding of plausible explanations that are supported by appropriate/sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning

Help address questions about design of experiments

Help with interpretation of data

Help students make sense of the world

Arguments play an important role in the explanation-building process

# data[].attributes.body
Includes organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data

Explicitly taught (students need support)

May include charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, drawings

Used any time during the lesson when investigating phenomena and/or developing and using scientific models

Used to help develop understandings of new science ideas

Provides an opportunity to apply new science ideas to make sense of data

When and how should digital tools be used with this strategy?

Don't just use them because they are cool - should support analysis/interpretation

Using digital tools can make things easier to see

Should be consistent with the storyline

Consider value of notebooks and doing things by hand as well - tech isn't automatically better!

Make sure tech doesn't distract from FQ

Use strategically to support students who would benefit

# data[].attributes.body
Make meaning of data

Identify patterns in data

Reveal cause and effect or correlational relationships

Support students in making claims and explanations backed by data/evidence

Support students in understanding new science ideas

# data[].attributes.body
How should these strategies (especially strategy 4) be explicitly taught? Modeling? Other ideas?

Scaffolding, modeling, guided writing - a lot of scaffolding for strategy 4, 5, 7 (not just the right answer!)

gradual release of responsibility

could give peer feedback to claims, evidence, and reasoning

display poster or have individual versions available on tables

practice! Getting kids comfortable

# data[].attributes.body
Explicitly taught (may use sentence stems/starters)

Doesn't necessarily require technical science vocabulary

Teacher role shifts from intermediary to listening, noting progress, diagnosing problems in student understanding, and planning for instruction

# data[].attributes.body
Help students think more like scientists, develop scientific habits of mind, and engage in scientific discourse

Reveal students' thinking more clearly

Help students learn scientific norms of discourse (evidence, coherent reasoning, consistency of explanations and data, skepticism, questions)

Help students understand the nature of science

Engage students in NGSS science and engineering practices

Improve clarity, precision, and elaboration of student ideas

Empower all students to be successful in science settings

# data[].attributes.headline
Strategy 7: Engage students in constructing explanations and arguments

# data[].attributes.subject
Strategy 7: Engage students in constructing explanations and arguments

# data[].attributes.headline
Strategy 5: Engage students in analyzing and interpreting data and obeservations

# data[].attributes.subject
Strategy 5: Engage students in analyzing and interpreting data and obeservations

# data[].attributes.headline
Strategy 4: Communicating in Scientific Ways

# data[].attributes.subject
Strategy 4: Communicating in Scientific Ways