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"What then must my situation be, when my sex, my youth and inexperience all conspire to make me tremble at the task which I have undertaken? But the friendly encouragement, which I behold in almost every countenance, enables me to overcome difficulties, that would otherwise be insurmountable. with some, however, it has been made a question, whether we ought ever to appear in so public a manner. Out natural timidity, the domestic situation to which, by nature and custom we seem destined, are urged as arguments against what I now have undertaken: Many sarcastical observations have been handed out against female oratory: But to do what they amount: Do they not plainly inform us, that , because we are females, we ought therefore to be deprived of what is perhaps the most effectual means of acquiring a just, natural and graceful delivery? No one will pretend to deny, that we should be taught to read in the best manner. And if to read, why not to speak?

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federalist papers
antifed

Ambition must be made to counteract ambition... It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government. But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.

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Art. 6. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: Provided, always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid.

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With regard to the tumults in my Native State which you inquire about, I wish I could say that report had exaggerated them, it is too true Sir that they have been carried to so allarming a Height as to stop the courts of justice in several Counties. Ignorant, restless desperadoes, without conscience or principals, have led a deluded multitude to follow their standard, under pretence of grievances which have no existence but in their own imaginations. Some of them were crying out for a paper currency, some for an equal distribution of property.

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Philadelphia society for the promotion of agriculture, 1786

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Philadelphia society for the promotion of agriculture, 1786

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Brethren of the United States of America: It is now more than three years since peace was made between the King of Great Britain and you, but we, the Indians, were disappointed, finding ourselves not included in that peace... for we thought that its conclusion  would have promoted a friendship between the United States and the Indians ... You kindled your council fires where you thought proper, without consulting us, at which you held separate treaties and have entirely neglected our plan of having a general conference with the different nations of the confederacy.

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Be it enacted by the General Assembly, that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion...

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hope of natives that americans will treat them well
attempt at peace between the natives and now free americans

When our great father the King of England called away his warriors, he told us to take your People by the hand as friends and brothers. Our hearts were always inclined to do so & as far as our circumstances permitted us, we evinced our good intentions as Brothers the Virginians can testify-It makes our hearts rejoice to find that our great father, and his children the Americans have at length made peace, which we wish may continue as long as the Sun and Moon, And to find that our Brothers the Americans are inclined to take us by the hand, and Smoke with us at the great Fire, which we hope will never be extinguished.

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Awake, Americans, to a sense of your danger. No time to be lost. Instantly banish every Tory from among you. Let America be sacred alone to free men.

Drive far from you every baneful wretch who wishes to see you fettered with chains or tyranny.
Send them where they may enjoy their beloved slavery to perfection- send them to the island of Britain;
there let them drink the cup of slavery and eat the bread of bitterness all the days of their existence- there let them drag out a painful life, despised and accursed by those very men whose cause they have had the wickedness to espouse. Never let them return to this happy land- never let them taste the sweets of that independence which they strove to prevent. Banishment, perpetual banishment, should be their lot.

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social - women protected the house/farm while men off fighting
republican motherhood though
patriotic

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Rhode Island burns brit ship Gaspee 1772

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Rhode Island burns brit ship Gaspee 1772

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Patrick Henry: Give me liberty or give em death

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Patrick Henry: Give me liberty or give em death

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Tea Act --> Boston Tea Party (both 1773) --> INTOLERABLES

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Tea Act --> Boston Tea Party (both 1773) --> INTOLERABLES

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intolerable acts:

martial law, curfew, troops in Boston, quartering act again, closed harbor

EFFECTS = AMERICANS FIRST CONT. CONGRESS AND DECLARATION OF COLONIAL RIGHTS (1774) / DECLARATION OF RIGHTS AND GRIEVANCES

GALLOWAY PLAN: fail b/c this american parliament would need royal approval (ew)

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propo throughout colonies to use against brit

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more boycotts lead to Townhends repealed BUT REPLACED W/ TEA ACT OH NO

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more boycotts lead to Townhends repealed BUT REPLACED W/ TEA ACT OH NO

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John Dickinson: Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

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John Dickinson: Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

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angry about Brit intentions to raise revenue instead of just regulate trade

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Townshends Acts 1767 affected imports too, not just exports

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Townshends Acts 1767 affected imports too, not just exports

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booo external tax):

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1766 Declatory Act replaces repealed Stamp Act

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1766 Declatory Act replaces repealed Stamp Act

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Non-importation movement

sons of liberty riots (sam adams)

LEADS TO REPEAL OF STAMP ACT

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REBELLION TO STAMP ACT... STAMP CONGRESS

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REBELLION TO STAMP ACT... STAMP CONGRESS

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1765

no taxation w/o representation

COMMON ENEMY = Britain

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stamp act 1765 affected all citizens not just merchants

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stamp act 1765 affected all citizens not just merchants

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internal tax

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english common law + enlightenment + want for natural rights = want for actual rep. NOT VIRTUAL REP

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english common law + enlightenment + want for natural rights = want for actual rep. NOT VIRTUAL REP

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came along with vice-admiralty courts and writs of assistance (unfair b/c no juries and unnecessary search warrants)

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french and indian war --> debt --> end of benign neglect --> pontiac's rebellion --> proclamation of 1763 --> taxes and Acts

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french and indian war --> debt --> end of benign neglect --> pontiac's rebellion --> proclamation of 1763 --> taxes and Acts

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albany plan of union,ben franklin, unite or die

AGAINST THE FRENCH

failed but first attempt to unite colonies

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french and indian war: french and indians v. colonists and british

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french and indian war: french and indians v. colonists and british

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land disputes over trade land in Ohio River Valley

ends w/ brit victory, treaty of airs 1763

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mercantilism = support mama country, trade only between colonies and GB

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mercantilism = support mama country, trade only between colonies and GB

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navigation acts

board of trade

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benign neglect before french and indian war

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benign neglect before french and indian war