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            SECTION 2: ADVANCES, DRAWBACKS AND CHALLENGES AHEAD

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            SECTION 2: ADVANCES, DRAWBACKS AND CHALLENGES AHEAD

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1. Consequences of losing a hand
2.  How do bionic limbs work?

Motor control

Sensation: synthesising somesthetic information

3.  Advances, drawbacks and challenges ahead

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        SECTION 1: HOW DO BIONIC LIMBS WORK?

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        SECTION 1: HOW DO BIONIC LIMBS WORK?

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                            1. PERSONAL & ACADEMIC INFORMATION

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                            1. PERSONAL & ACADEMIC INFORMATION

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Carmen
20 y/o
Cantabrian

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                               Why Biotechnology?

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                               Why Biotechnology?

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Bionic prosthetic hands: A review of present technology and future aspirations. R.G. E. Clement, K.E.Bugler, C.W.Oliver

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2011.06.001

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Avoids functional limitations and may alleviate trauma of losing a hand

Overcomes traditional hand transplant (inmunosupression, complexity of surgery)

Low weigth

Wide variety of functions

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CURRENT ADVANCES

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Weight reduction

Confer strength

Integration of protheses into the Central Nervous System

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It requires training

Indispensable: enough electrical activity in the stump

Costs

Noise

Stigma

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DRAWBACKS

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Accelerates rehabilitation
Intuitive
Complete range of sensations

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CHALLENGES

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Integration of protheses into the Central Nervous System

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Activate whole muscle groups

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ALGORITHMS

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Nerves are anastomosed to remaining muscles
Reinnervated muscles = amplifiers of motor commands

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EA in flexor muscle of the forearm --> Flexing of bionic hand

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Activate whole muscle groups

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Sense of electrical activity in the stump due to movements in shoulder/elbow

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Residual connectivity in central and peripheral pathways

Integration by digital methods

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Deliver information through afferent nerves in the stump

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Auditory feedback with contact

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Device modifies activity

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Replicate sensory function of hand

Interprate information from environment

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Stimuli transference from electrical to natural sensors

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Loss of one sense can be compensated!

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This injured concert pianist thought he’d never play again. A pair of ‘bionic’ gloves changed everything.

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This injured concert pianist thought he’d never play again. A pair of ‘bionic’ gloves changed everything.

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Brazilian pianist playing first time after 20 years with the help of bionic gloves