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Alexander Graham Bell was an American inventor, scientist and teacher for deaf children. But he was mostly known for being man who created the telephone.  His mother was deaf and that influenced him to become a deaf teacher. At the age 15, Bell was not interested in school so he dropped out. But he was smart enough to get accepted to the University College London. While Alexander was being a deaf teacher, he started research methods to transmit several telegraph messages. Even when Bell got his patent, he didn't have all the tools he needed. But after months working with, Alexander created the telephone by 1876.

The telephone has made a huge different in the modern day economy.  People are able to communicate with each other around the world. Many companies created phones with many different skills on it. Technology has really evolved and made phones to have so many features. People can talk to each other for hours on end and back then only talk to each other for a few minutes. Phones have also made the GDP go up in the government.

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Alexander Graham Bell | Biography, Education, Telephone, Inventions, & Facts

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Alexander Graham Bell, (born March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland—died August 2, 1922, Beinn Bhreagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada), Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf whose foremost accomplishments were the invention of the telephone (1876) and the refinem…

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10th March 1876: Alexander Graham Bell transmits speech using the telephone

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The assembly lines were a big thing up and coming during the Industrial Ages. But the person who made it easier was Henry Ford. Henry Ford was an industrialist and a business magnate. He was the founder of the Ford  Motor company. At the age 16, Ford went out to Detroit to find work in the machine shops. After 3 years being in Detroit, he went back to his family on a farm and worked part time at Westinghouse Engine Company. He moved back Detroit and became the chief engineer at Detroit Edison Company. His first working gasoline engine was completed in 1893. Then created his first four- horsepower 3 years later. Over the years Henry made more and more models of cars and became very popular. The Detroit Edison Company name got changed to Henry Ford Company.

Henry Ford was a part of the assembly line getting better. Back then when the company started it wasn't very safe factory to work in. It was difficult to get cars out in a fast rate . Also companies didn't have the the best, strongest and fastest machines. This is important to modern day economy because more people are in need for transportation. And now companies are bringing out new cars like crazy. There is also better and safer mechanizes that will not hurt the workers.

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Henry Ford, (born July 30, 1863, Wayne county, Michigan, U.S.-died April 7, 1947, Dearborn, Michigan), American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with his assembly-line methods.
(Read Henry Ford's 1926 Britannica essay on mass production.)
Ford spent most of his life making headlines, good, bad, but never indifferent. Celebrated as both a technological genius and a folk hero, Ford was the creative force behind an industry of unprecedented size and wealth that in only a few decades permanently changed the economic and social character of the United States. When young Ford left his father's farm in 1879 for Detroit, only two out of eight Americans lived in cities; when he died at age 83, the proportion was five out of eight. Once Ford realized the tremendous part he and his Model T automobile had played in bringing about this change, he wanted nothing more than to reverse it, or at least to recapture the rural values of his boyhood. Henry Ford, then, is an apt symbol of the transition from an agricultural to an industrial America.

Early life

Henry Ford was one of eight children of William and Mary Ford. He was born on the family farm near Dearborn, Michigan, then a town eight miles west of Detroit. Abraham Lincoln was president of the 24 states of the Union, and Jefferson Davis was president of the 11 states of the Confederacy. Ford attended a one-room school for eight years when he was not helping his father with the harvest. At age 16 he walked to Detroit to find work in its machine shops. After three years, during which he came in contact with the internal-combustion engine for the first time, he returned to the farm, where he worked part-time for the Westinghouse Engine Company and in spare moments tinkered in a little machine shop he set up. Eventually he built a small "farm locomotive," a tractor that used an old mowing machine for its chassis and a homemade steam engine for power.

Ford moved back to Detroit nine years later as a married man. His wife, Clara Bryant, had grown up on a farm not far from Ford's. They were married in 1888, and on November 6, 1893, she gave birth to their only child, Edsel Bryant. A month later Ford was made chief engineer at the main Detroit Edison Company plant with responsibility for maintaining electric service in the city 24 hours a day. Because he was on call at all times, he had no regular hours and could experiment to his heart's content. He had determined several years before to build a gasoline-powered vehicle, and his first working gasoline engine was completed at the end of 1893. By 1896 he had completed his first horseless carriage, the "Quadricycle," so called because the chassis of the four-horsepower vehicle was a buggy frame mounted on four bicycle wheels. Unlike many other automotive inventors, including Charles Edgar and J. Frank Duryea, Elwood Haynes, Hiram Percy Maxim, and his Detroit acquaintance Charles Brady King, all of whom had built self-powered vehicles before Ford but who held onto their creations, Ford sold his to finance work on a second vehicle, and a third, and so on.

During the next seven years he had various backers, some of whom, in 1899, formed the Detroit Automobile Company (later the Henry Ford Company), but all eventually abandoned him in exasperation because they wanted a passenger car to put on the market while Ford insisted always on improving whatever model he was working on, saying that it was not ready yet for customers. He built several racing cars during these years, including the "999" racer driven by Barney Oldfield, and set several new speed records. In 1902 he left the Henry Ford Company, which subsequently reorganized as the Cadillac Motor Car Company. Finally, in 1903, Ford was ready to market an automobile. The Ford Motor Company was incorporated, this time with a mere $28,000 in cash put up by ordinary citizens, for Ford had, in his previous dealings with backers, antagonized the wealthiest men in Detroit.

The company was a success from the beginning, but just five weeks after its incorporation the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers threatened to put it out of business because Ford was not a licensed manufacturer. He had been denied a license by this group, which aimed at reserving for its members the profits of what was fast becoming a major industry. The basis of their power was control of a patent granted in 1895 to George Baldwin Selden, a patent lawyer of Rochester, New York. The association claimed that the patent applied to all gasoline-powered automobiles. Along with many rural Midwesterners of his generation, Ford hated industrial combinations and Eastern financial power. Moreover, Ford thought the Selden patent preposterous. All invention was a matter of evolution, he said, yet Selden claimed genesis. He was glad to fight, even though the fight pitted the puny Ford Motor Company against an industry worth millions of dollars. The gathering of evidence and actual court hearings took six years. Ford lost the original case in 1909; he appealed and won in 1911. His victory had wide implications for the industry, and the fight made Ford a popular hero.

"I will build a motor car for the great multitude," Ford proclaimed in announcing the birth of the Model T in October 1908. In the 19 years of the Model T's existence, he sold 15,500,000 of the cars in the United States, almost 1,000,000 more in Canada, and 250,000 in Great Britain, a production total amounting to half the auto output of the world. The motor age arrived owing mostly to Ford's vision of the car as the ordinary man's utility rather than as the rich man's luxury. Once only the rich had travelled freely around the country; now millions could go wherever they pleased. The Model T was the chief instrument of one of the greatest and most rapid changes in the lives of the common people in history, and it effected this change in less than two decades. Farmers were no longer isolated on remote farms. The horse disappeared so rapidly that the transfer of acreage from hay to other crops caused an agricultural revolution. The automobile became the main prop of the American economy and a stimulant to urbanization-cities spread outward, creating suburbs and housing developments-and to the building of the finest highway system in the world.

The remarkable birth rate of Model T's was made possible by the most advanced production technology yet conceived. After much experimentation by Ford and his engineers, the system that had evolved by 1913-14 in Ford's new plant in Highland Park, Michigan, was able to deliver parts, subassemblies, and assemblies (themselves built on subsidiary assembly lines) with precise timing to a constantly moving main assembly line, where a complete chassis was turned out every 93 minutes, an enormous improvement over the 728 minutes formerly required. The minute subdivision of labour and the coordination of a multitude of operations produced huge gains in productivity.

In 1914 the Ford Motor Company announced that it would henceforth pay eligible workers a minimum wage of $5 a day (compared to an average of $2.34 for the industry) and would reduce the work day from nine hours to eight, thereby converting the factory to a three-shift day. Overnight Ford became a worldwide celebrity. People either praised him as a great humanitarian or excoriated him as a mad socialist. Ford said humanitarianism had nothing to do with it. Previously profit had been based on paying wages as low as workers would take and pricing cars as high as the traffic would bear. Ford, on the other hand, stressed low pricing (the Model T cost $950 in 1908 and $290 in 1927) in order to capture the widest possible market and then met the price by volume and efficiency. Ford's success in making the automobile a basic necessity turned out to be but a prelude to a more widespread revolution. The development of mass-production techniques, which enabled the company eventually to turn out a Model T every 24 seconds; the frequent reductions in the price of the car made possible by economies of scale; and the payment of a living wage that raised workers above subsistence and made them potential customers for, among other things, automobiles-these innovations changed the very structure of society.

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Henry Ford | Biography, Education, Inventions, & Facts

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Henry Ford, American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with his assembly-line methods. He formed the Ford Motor Company in 1903 and was the creative force behind an industry of unprecedented size and wealth that would forever change the economic and social character of the United States.

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Urbanization was the during the Industrial Age where people who lived in rural moved to urban cites to get jobs opportunities. Even immigrants move to urban cites. But this increased the population and people not having homes for their selves or their families. Also lead reduced the demand the labor on the farm. But having the urbanization helped get out the message of women's rights and workers right. This time period had really bad times too.

Some people and families had to live in the slums. They were run down homes and didn't have good space for children to play.  The slums were covered up by nice buildings meanwhile the slums were falling apart. A photographer named Jacob Riis took these photos of the slums In New York City and children sleeping on the floors. He always was happy when  he got a picture of people's clothes hanging from outside. Because  that was letting him know that people were still trying to stay clean.

This was an great effect on the modern day economy because this gave people chances to create and build their own businesses. This have people educational improvement and medical improvements.  This gave people a new light and let people discover the suburbs. Which is a mix with city life and rural life.

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The process of urbanization that occurred in the US during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was over all positive for America, but there were some negative consequences. Urbanization was the result of population increase, technological and economic changes which offered opportunities in urban industries and reduced the demand for labor on farms. The negative effects of urbanization were bad public health, population growth, and pollution. Urbanization was positive because it brought new job opportunities for people, educational improvements, as well as medical improvements. It also strengthened the women's reforms and the worker's unions.

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The process of urbanization that occurred in the US during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was over all positive for America, but there were some negative consequences. Urbanization was the result of population increase, technological and economic changes which offered opportunities in urban industries and reduced the demand for labor on farms. The negative effects of urbanization were bad public health, population growth, and pollution.

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Growth, Cities, and Immigration: Crash Course US History #25