# data[].attributes.headline
"Like Comenius, Rousseau emphasized the crucial importance of stages of human development" (p. 92). (Riley Batherson)

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"Like Comenius, Rousseau emphasized the crucial importance of stages of human development" (p. 92). (Riley Batherson)

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"Pestalozzi sought to develop schools that, like loving families, would nurture children's holistic development" (p. 93). (Riley Batherson)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Pestalozzi sought to develop schools that, like loving families, would nurture children's holistic development" (p. 93). (Riley Batherson)

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"Addam's belief that education must be free from inherited gender biases corresponds with the goals of contemporary women's education, especially equal rights for women and their freedom to define their lives and choose their careers" (p.109). (Riley Batherson)

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"Addam's belief that education must be free from inherited gender biases corresponds with the goals of contemporary women's education, especially equal rights for women and their freedom to define their lives and choose their careers" (p.109). (Riley Batherson)

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Jane Addams was a leader in social work, the peace movement, and women's rights. She helped to develop an educational philosophy known as socialized education. (p. 107) (Bailey Compton)

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"Maria Montessori devised an internationally popular method of early childhood education...Montessori recognized that children's early experiences have an important formative and continuing influence on their later lives." (p. 109) (Bailey Compton)

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"Pestalozzi stressed empirical, or sensory, learning, through which children learn about their environment by carefully observing natural phenomena." (p.96) (Bailey Compton)

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"He believed that every child possess an innate interior spiritual essence, a power, stirring to be externalized(pg. 103)(Caroline Moore

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"He believed that every child possess an innate interior spiritual essence, a power, stirring to be externalized(pg. 103)(Caroline Moore

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"Dewey believed that 1- children as socially active humans beings are eager to explore the enviomrnet; 2- learners encore personal and social probes as they interact with their environment;3- these problems stimulate children to use their intelligence los ole problems and expand their experience in an active, instrumental manner."(pg. 105)(Caroline Moore

# data[].attributes.subject
"Dewey believed that 1- children as socially active humans beings are eager to explore the enviomrnet; 2- learners encore personal and social probes as they interact with their environment;3- these problems stimulate children to use their intelligence los ole problems and expand their experience in an active, instrumental manner."(pg. 105)(Caroline Moore

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"According to Piaget, intelligence develops through a series of stages characters by the child's set of mental structures and operations at a particular stage."(Pg. 112)(Caroline Moore)

# data[].attributes.subject
"According to Piaget, intelligence develops through a series of stages characters by the child's set of mental structures and operations at a particular stage."(Pg. 112)(Caroline Moore)

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"He advised teachers to organize their lessons into easily assimilated small steps that made learning gradual, cumulative, and pleasant." (p.88) (Elsis Guevara)

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"Like Comenius, Pestalozzi believed children should learn gradually, not be hurried, and should understand what they are studying before moving on to the next lesson." (p.96) (Elsis Guevara)

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"A nationalist, he believed that the people of each country, including his native Germany, shared a common folk spirit that was manifested in the nation's stories, songs, and fables. Thus, storytelling and singing were important in the kindergarten." (p.99) (Elsis Guevara)

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"By studying the lives of great men and women, students could discover how people made their defining moral decisions. (p.97) (Orval Fissel)

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"He wanted to modernize the curriculum so that it focused on the physical,biological, and social sciences as well as applied technology and engineering." (p.102-103). (Orval Fissel)

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"Freire asserted that the school's curriculum and instruction can either indoctrinate students to conform to an offcial version of knowledge, or it can challenge them to develop a critical consciousness that empowers them to engage in self-liberation. For example, an offcial version of history that celebrates the achievements of white Euro-American males and minimizes the contributions of women, African Americans, Latinos, and other minority groups creates a false consciousness." (p.115) (Orval Fissel)

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Montessori believed spontaneous learning through exercises and practical life was the key to building practical, sensory, and formal skills. -(Ansley Dickerson) (109)

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Spencer created "Kindergarten", which is a special early childhood learning environment.-(Ansley Dickerson) (101)

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Rousseau believed nature and the environment was the way to teach children. Children relied on sensation and their experiences with nature. -(Ansley Dickerson) (90)

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Rousseau wanted to "Create learning environments in which children’s natural goodness can grow" (pg. 90). (Caroline W.)

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Rousseau wanted to "Create learning environments in which children’s natural goodness can grow" (pg. 90). (Caroline W.)

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Addams wanted to "Assimilate immigrants into American society while preserving their ethnic cultural heritages" (pg. 90). This included schools as well. (Caroline W.)

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Addams wanted to "Assimilate immigrants into American society while preserving their ethnic cultural heritages" (pg. 90). This included schools as well. (Caroline W.)

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Piaget believed we should "Structure instruction on children’s patterns of growth and stages of development" (pg. 90). (Caroline W.)

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Piaget believed we should "Structure instruction on children’s patterns of growth and stages of development" (pg. 90). (Caroline W.)

# data[].attributes.body
1. He put teaching into two methods, special and general. General first and then added in special. The general method was used to create a caring and "emotionally healthy homelike school environment" then the special method was implemented in direct sensory learning. (pg. 94)

(Zoe Nivens)

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2. He developed object lessons where students would use different objects or props in their learning. (pg. 95)

(Zoe Nivens)

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3. he created a teacher preparation program that consisted of 4 steps:
step 1: begin with more concrete then move to abstract
step 2: begin with the environment around them and then move to distant or remote places
step 3: begin with easy exercises then move to complex
step 4: ALWAYS proceed gradually (pg. 95)

(Zoe Nivens)

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"Comenius rejected the child depravity doctrine that children were inherently bad and that teachers needed to use corporal punishment to discipline them. Instead, he wanted teachers to be caring persons who respected children’s dignity and created engaging and pleasant classrooms. An early advocate of learning readiness, Comenius warned against hurrying or pressuring children. He believed children learn most efficiently when they are developmentally ready to learn a particular skill or subject." (p.87-88) (Anna Sprenkle)

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"Develop the human being’s moral, mental, and physical powers harmoniously; use sense perception in forming clear ideas " (pg. 90) (Anna Sprenkle)

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"Develop the latent spiritual essence of the child in a prepared environment " (pg.90) (Anna Sprenkle)

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"Herbart was influential in bringing history and literature into the secondary-school curriculum at a time when it was dominated by the classical Greek and Latin languages"(pg. 97) (Haleigh Wilkinson)

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"Spencer was highly critical of traditional schools because they resisted change and continued to transmit an obsolete curriculum of Latin and Greek languages, literature, and history"(pg. 102) (Haleigh Wilkinson)

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"Dewey believed that cooperative group activity enhanced social intelligence, and rejected Spencer's social Darwinist emphasis on individual competition"(pg. 104) (Haleigh Wilkinson)

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"Comenius, a pioneer in multicultural and peace education, respected religious and cultural diversity but also believed all persons were members of a common human family" (pg. 89) (Celi Torres)

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"He belieed that schooling , by cultivationg universal knowledge and values, could promote international understanding and peace and create a nonviolent world" (pg. 89) (Celi Torres)

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"Although he championed children's rights in his book, he abandoned his own children in orphanages instead of rearing and education them himself" (pg. 92) (Celi Torres)

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"Concerned with students' character education, Herbart emphasized the humanities, especially history and literature as rich sources of moral values" (pg 13) (Shane Neilan)

# data[].attributes.subject
"Concerned with students' character education, Herbart emphasized the humanities, especially history and literature as rich sources of moral values" (pg 13) (Shane Neilan)

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"Pestalozzi's object lessons were introduced into American elementary schools in the nineteenth century. His emphasis on object lessons anticipated process based learning." (Pg 12)(Shane Neilan)

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"Pestalozzi's object lessons were introduced into American elementary schools in the nineteenth century. His emphasis on object lessons anticipated process based learning." (Pg 12)(Shane Neilan)

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"Frobel believed that Pestalozzi's method needed a more philosophical foundation.  Giving Pestalozzi's object lesson a more symbolic meaning."(Pg 15)(Shane Neilan)

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"Frobel believed that Pestalozzi's method needed a more philosophical foundation.  Giving Pestalozzi's object lesson a more symbolic meaning."(Pg 15)(Shane Neilan)

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"For Freire, teachers cannot be impartial or uncommitted on social, political, and economic issues. Those who claim to be completely objective are really imposing social, economic, political, and educational structures erected and controlled by dominant classes" (pg. 115) (Mallory Smith)

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"For Freire, literacy meant more than learning to read and write, it raised people's consciousness about the conditions of their lives, especially those that exploited and marginalized them." (pg. 114) (Mallory Smith)

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"Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed significant pioneering insights into children's cognitive, moral, and language development. Like Montessori, Piaget used clinical observation to discover how children construct and act on their ideas." (pg.112) (Mallory Smith)

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Maria Montessori's curriculum consisted of practical, sensory, and formal skills and studies. The practical activities' purpose was to make sure that the children can do these activities independently when they grow up and become adults. Sensory activities increased physical and muscular coordination. (pg 110) (Ankita Das)

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Like Montessori, Dewey's curriculum consists of 3 levels. The first level focuses on activities that improve children's sensory and motor skills through communication and group projects. The second level broadens students' concepts of space and time by focusing on history and geography. The third level focuses on different studies of science and helps students learn problem solving. (pg 106) (Ankita Das)

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"Spencer defined nature differently than Rosseau and Pestalozzi. To Spencer, nature meant the law of the jungle and survival of the fittest. He believed that people in an industrialized society needed and utilitarian education to learn useful scientific and technological skills and subjects." (pg 102) (Ankita Das)

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Jean Piaget reconstructed the concept of school for children to be comfortable learning  on their own, in their own, comfortable environment.  Children work on through constructivism, where they create a meaning by constructing their ideas about reality through exploring their own environment (pg. 113). (Stephanie Gardner)

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"Piaget's cognitive psychology sought to connect children's cognitive development with curriculum and instruction in schools. His ideas stimulated a movement to remake classrooms into informal learning centers" (pg. 114). (Stephanie Gardner)

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Jane Addams's social education was defined in social, economic, and political terms. She pushed for teachers to focus on issues of multiculturalism and social justice in relation to education and schooling. A child will become equipped with learning about their immediate environment and connections to technological society (pg. 108). (Stephanie Gardner)

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Comenius was born in 1592 in Moravia, and in 1614 he studied at Prerov Latin School and Herbert Gymnasium. (pg. 86) (Maya Loflin)

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"His ideas remain viable as globalization impacts families and children, especially in economically developing countries." (pg. 93) I (Maya Loflin)

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"Her significant educational contributions include her (1) concept of sensitive periods, or phases of development, when children are ready to work with materials that are especially useful in sensory, motor, and cognitive learning; (2) belief that children are capable of sustained self-directed work in learning a particular skill; and  (3) emphasis on the school as part of the community and the need for parent participation and support." (pg. 111) (Maya Loflin)

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He was "concerned about the negative impact of western industrialization had on families and children" "Pestalozzi sought to develop schools that, like loving families, would nurture children's holistic development". pg.93

(Destiny Reichl)

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Dewey believes that education is a social process in which the group's immature members, especially children, learn to share and participate in group life"(pg 105.) (Kalyn Long)

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"She argued that education needed to take on new and broadened social purposes"(pg 107) (Kalyn Long)

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He "designed the kindergarten as a prepared environment in which children externalized their inner spirituality through activity". pg.99

(Destiny Reichl)

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"Education must be free from inherited gender biases corresponds with the goals of contemporary women's education, especially equal rights for women and their freedom to define their lives and choose their careers"(pg 109) (Kalyn Long)

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She is the "founder of Hull House ...and a pioneer of multicultural, international, peace, and woman's education". pg. 107

(Destiny Reichl)

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His influence on today's school was "Permissive teaching based on child freedom" pg.91
(Azaviah James)

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"His first kindergarten founded in 1837, was a permissive learning environment that featured games, play, songs, stories, and crafts ."  pg.99
(Azaviah James)

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Method of instruction "begin with learner's neighborhood , culture, and needs ; lead to broader social realities and connections ." pg.91
(Azaviah James)

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"In Dewey's experimentalist philosophy, using the scientific method to solve problems is the key to both thinking and learning." (Pg. 104.) (Arthur Schupbach)

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"In Dewey's experimentalist philosophy, using the scientific method to solve problems is the key to both thinking and learning." (Pg. 104.) (Arthur Schupbach)

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"For Dewey, genuine knowledge is not inert information that teachers transmit to students; it is an instrument to solve problems. We use our fund of human knowledge to frame hypothetical solutions to current problems." (Pg. 105) (Arthur Schupbach)

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"For Dewey, genuine knowledge is not inert information that teachers transmit to students; it is an instrument to solve problems. We use our fund of human knowledge to frame hypothetical solutions to current problems." (Pg. 105) (Arthur Schupbach)

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"For Freire, real learning takes place as teachers and students engage in open and ongoing dialogue. He attacks instruction, presented as transmitting information that creates false, rather than critical, consciousness in students' minds." (Pg. 116) (Arthur Schupbach)

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"For Freire, real learning takes place as teachers and students engage in open and ongoing dialogue. He attacks instruction, presented as transmitting information that creates false, rather than critical, consciousness in students' minds." (Pg. 116) (Arthur Schupbach)

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Rousseau was suspicious of schools, which he believed taught children to conform to society's artificial rules rather than live spontaneously according to nature. School-induced socialization forced children into the routines and the roles adults preferred instead of letting them follow their own natural instincts, interests, and needs. By forcing children to memorize books, traditional teachers thwarted the child's own power to learn from direct experience. Pg 93

(Jordyn Simpson)

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"Rebelling against the Victorian era's gender restrictions on women, Addams rejected the traditional curriculum that limited women's educational choices and opportunities. She wanted women to define their own lives, to choose their own careers, and to participate fully in politics, society, and education." Pg 107

Jordyn Simpson

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Freire worked to transform teaching and learning from the limited concept of transmitting information to engaging in the project of completing one's identity and meaning in a world that needs to be made more equitable, humane, and just. pg.117
Jordyn Simpson

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"Rousseau highlighted the following principles in his philosophy of education: (1) childhood is the natural foundation for the future human growth and development; (2) children's natural interests and instincts will lead to a thorough exploration of the environment; (3) human beings go through necessary stages of development in their life cycles; and (4) adult coercion negatively impacts children development." Pg 93 (Lauren Bauer)

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"Seeking to systemize teaching, Herbart structured instruction into a precise sequence of five steps: preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application." pg 97/98 (Lauren Bauer)

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"Play, especially games, socialized the children in group activities and developed their physical and motor skills." pg 99 (Lauren Bauer)

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Froebel created the "Kindergarten" literally a "children's garden" and was the foundation for early education in young students. He designed his kindergarten as an education environment in which children could actualize their inherent but latent spirituality through activity. pg 98-99

(Jake Faulkner)

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"In 1908 Maria Montessori established a children's school, the Casa dei Bambini, for impoverished children in Rome. In this school, Montessori fashioned a "specially prepared environment" that featured methods, materials, and activities based on her observations of children." (pg. 111) (Ali Burke)

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"Rousseau identified five developmental stages: infancy, childhood, boyhood, adolescence, and youth. Each stage set its own conditions for readiness to learn and led to the next stage." (pg. 98) (Ali Burke)

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"Dewey believed that education is a social process in which the groups immature members, especially children, learn to share and participate in group life." (105)
(Jake Faulkner)

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After her work with immigrant in Chicago, Jane Addams saw how urbanization, industrialization, and technology were changing society and she argued that education needed a new and broadened social purpose" pg 107

(Jake Faulkner)

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"Johann Herbart was a German professor of philosophy and psychology who devised an educational method that systematized instruction and encouraged the moral development of students." (pg. 192) (Ali Burke)

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"Montessori believed that children posess an inner need to work at what interests them without the prodding of teachers and without being motivated by external rewards and punishments" (page 110)
-Vincent Beatty

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Montessori found that "children's capacity for spontaneous learning leads them to begin reading and writing on their own initiative" (page 110)
-Vincent Beatty

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"Montessori designed preplanned teaching apparatus and materials to develop children's practical, sensory, and formal skills" (page 110)
-Vincent Beatty