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Order of acquisition

Sequence of acquisition

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Language transfer

Linguistic universals Universal Grammar

Second language pragmatics

Input and interaction

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Consciousness and L2 acquisition

Implicit and explicit knowledge

Emergentism

Skill learning theory

From my point of view, this phase had an important relevance in the context of teaching English to children in Brazil because it is aligned with cognitive psychology, which influenced other areas of education in general. This period allowed research to contribute to the pedagogical applicability of theories, even though there were some controversial results about the level of consciousness in the second language acquisition and explicit/declarative and implicit/procedural knowledge the results of all those considerations create an adequate environment to rethink the importance of grammar instruction, wich at the time was extremally relevant.

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The Social Turn

Sociocultural SLA

Another phase that had great implications for the context of teaching English to children in Brazil is called by Ellis (2021) as The Social Turn, and for me particularly had great importance because it was the context I was inserted as a student.
The Second Language Acquisition in this phase "cannot be explained in purely cognitive terms, that learners are complex social beings, and that L2 acquisition is best understood by studying how individual learners both respond to and shape their social context". I remember that some teachers used to adapt some clips of famous Tv shows of the time, as Friends, for instance, to teach grammar or test our general comprehension of the language. As a teacher, I still believe this phase contributed to the pedagogical approach which is very effective even nowadays.

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Complex Dynamic Systems Theory

The multilingual turn

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ELLIS, R. Input, interaction, and Second Language Acquisition. In: ____ Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 127-163. ELLIS, R. A short history of SLA: Where have we come from and where are we going? Language Teaching, v. 54, n. 2, p. 190-205, 2021. Available at: