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Estagira, Grecia

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Aristotle was a philosopher, polymath, and scientist, keeping pace with Plato, the father of Western philosophy. For more than two thousand years, his thoughts have had a huge impact on the history of Western thought.

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- He invented the field of formal logic
- He identified the various scientific disciplines and explored their relationships to each other
- He made pioneering contributions to all fields of philosophy and science,

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Born in ancient Greece (c. 470 BCE–399 BCE)

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Socrates was a scholar, teacher and philosopher

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Socrates is considered the father of ethics.

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Socrates believed that philosophy should achieve practical results for the greater well-being of society. He establish an ethical system based on human reason.

Socrates pointed out that human choice was motivated by the desire for happiness.

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Königsberg, Rrusia

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Kant was one of the leading thinkers of the Enlightenment and arguably one of the greatest philosophers of all time

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Kant is considered the father of modern ethics.

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-Knowledge divided into a priori and empirical knowledge.
-He believed that there are truths that are not based on sense experience -
-Believing in free will and inborn moral awareness "

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was an ancient greek philosopher, born 341bc, samos, greece, he founded the epicurus school in Athenas, he thauth "pleasure is the principle and end to a happy life", his teachings would influence people who followed Lucretius of Rome  and the Utilitarians Jeremy.

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Believe that everything is matter, so whatever "soul" people may have disappear when the body dies. There is no afterlife. Therefore there is is no reason to fear the judgment of gods in the afterlife

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-Socrates main contribution to Western philosophy is his method of inquiry called Socratic method.

The Socratic Method is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying presuppositions.

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Aristotle combines logic with observation to make general, causal claims.

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Can be divided into two major branches. His theoretical philosophy, which includes metaphysics, is based on the rational understanding of the concept of nature.
And the practical philosophy,is based on the concept of freedom.

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Freedom is important because, on Kant’s view, moral appraisal presupposes that we are free in the sense that we have the ability to do otherwise.

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-It teaches that the greatest good is to seek in respect, this was an early contribution to the much later development of liberalism and of utilitarianism.
-Epicurus proposed happiness as the goal of human life and had specific ideas about how to experience it in our lives

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Kant discusses four main ways in which reflecting judgment leads us to regard nature as purposive:
1. It leads us to regard nature as governed by a system of empirical laws.(law based on facts, experimental evidence or systematic observations and gives a general relationship between variables).
2.It enables us to make aesthetic judgments
3.It leads us to think of organisms as objectively purposive.
4. It ultimately leads us to think about the final end of nature as a whole.