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Map of where Eurasian Oystercatchers are native

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We believe that this eggshell is from a Eurasian Oystercatcher. This bird lives on the coast of marine biomes.

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“The answer to global warming lies not in one grand strategy but in a steady progression of measures deploying many different technologies. On Saturday, more than 170 countries took another important step when they agreed to phase out a powerful planet-warming chemical used in air-conditioners and refrigerators and to seek more benign substitutes.

The accord reached in Kigali, Rwanda, follows the ratification by enough countries of last year’s Paris agreement broadly reducing greenhouse gases to allow it to take effect, as well as a narrower agreement to limit emissions from aircraft. It completes a trifecta of diplomatic accords aimed at keeping the rise in global temperatures below 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (two degrees Celsius) over the average preindustrial temperatures — a point beyond which the manifest consequences of climate change, including rising sea levels and droughts, are likely to become exponentially worse.

Saturday’s agreement takes aim at widely used chemical refrigerants called hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs. Although they now make up only a small part of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, HFCs are extremely powerful heat-trappers and, if left unchecked, would make it hard not to exceed the 3.6 degree threshold. One factor driving the negotiations was the rapid growth of air-conditioning in nations like China and India.

HFCs were once seen as a technological godsend. They were developed in response to the 1987 Montreal Protocol, a global agreement requiring nations and manufacturers to find a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, then the dominant refrigerant, which was destroying the planet’s ozone layer. The chemical industry replaced that chemical with HFCs, which don’t harm the ozone layer but, as it turned out, added greatly to global warming.

The new agreement took seven years and required many determined advocates — major Western governments, the small island nation of Micronesia, poor African nations that fear drought and even starvation and persistent environmental groups. It was hardly a slam dunk. Despite obvious threats to their populations from rising sea levels and droughts, some developing countries like India pushed back hard, in part because their people were on the verge of being able to afford air-conditioners powered by HFCs.

The outcome was compromise — resulting, in part, from the last-minute efforts of Secretary of State John Kerry. The richest countries, including the United States, will freeze production and consumption of HFCs by 2018; much of the rest of the world, including China, Brazil and all of Africa, will do the same by 2024; and a few nations, including India, will have until 2028. Several newer and less harmful refrigerants are available, although they may be more expensive in the short run. The timetable will allow poorer countries to wait until prices come down. But unlike the Paris agreement, which consists of voluntary pledges, this one will be mandatory, with trade sanctions for nations that do not comply.

Countries have an enormous amount of work to do on all climate-changing pollutants, chiefly carbon dioxide. But the HFC agreement makes the job a little bit easier.”

This article was found on The New York Times website. The issue at hand was that there was a chemical found in refrigerants, which is causing a great deal of global warming. Developing nations have stopped production of HFCs, and created safe alternatives, although they are more expensive. I believe that they have half-way solved the problem. Not all nations are offering to switch to the safer refrigerant, but the nations that have are at least making the problem less of a problem.

The next article was found on livescience.com:

“Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. There is great debate among many people, and sometimes in the news, on whether global warming is real (some call it a hoax). But climate scientists looking at the data and facts agree the planet is warming. While many view the effects of global warming to be more substantial and more rapidly occurring than others do, the scientific consensus on climatic changes related to global warming is that the average temperature of the Earth has risen between 0.4 and 0.8 °C over the past 100 years. The increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, agriculture, and other human activities, are believed to be the primary sources of the global warming that has occurred over the past 50 years. Scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate carrying out global warming research have recently predicted that average global temperatures could increase between 1.4 and 5.8 °C by the year 2100. Changes resulting from global warming may include rising sea levels due to the melting of the polar ice caps, as well as an increase in occurrence and severity of storms and other severe weather events.”

The issue at hand is global warming. The article talks about how global warming is increasing year by year, and why they think that is. The article talks about different outcomes of global warming, and how it will affect our planet.