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Bitmaps are used to create realistic graphics and images. They are the most common type of graphic used and supported on digital systems.

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There are many bitmap formats, but some of the most common include: JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, and TIFF. they fall into the two categories of lossy and lossless image format.
JPEG- A very used image format JPEG ( joint photographers expert group)
PNG
BMP
TIFF

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Bitmap images are images that are described by pixels - squares of color arranged in a grid.Bitmap images are also known as raster images.

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If an object in a vector graphic is quite large, it doesn't need a lot of computer memory. Therefore the file size of a vector graphic is often very small yet when resizing they still maintain the same quality.

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vector graphics are comprised of paths, which are defined by a start and end point, along with other points, curves, and angles along the way.

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EPS-Encapsulated PostScript is one of the most common vector image format. It is the standard interchange format in the print industry, it is also widely supported as an export format. Adobe illustrator and new version of CorelDRAW have very good support for reading and writing EPS .
AI- Adobe illustrators
PDF
SVG
DXF

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How do vector file
sizes compare with bitmaps?

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How do vector file
sizes compare with bitmaps?

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Vector images are not restricted by size or shape. They can easily be shrunk or enlarged, widened or compressed. Bitmaps can't be enlarged without drastically reducing quality, whereas Vector images won't reduce quality by enlarging it. Vector images are not based on pixel patterns. Bitmap images are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels where as a vector image just has to store the mathematical formulas that make up the image, which take up less space.

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GIF and JPEG are lossy image formats. MP3, MP4, and OGG are lossy audio formats

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File Formats That Use Lossless Compression

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File Formats That Use Lossless Compression

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RAW, BMP, and PNG are Lossless image formats. WAV, FLAC, and ALAC are all lossless audio formats

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If the files you’re considering compressing are used infrequently, they might be candidates. The “old files” from a disk cleanup utility probably fall into this category.
If the files you’re considering compressing aren’t already compressed, it could make sense. There’s no way for me to know what files disk cleanup is pointing you towards, so I can’t say how this might apply to you.
If you have a powerful enough CPU, you might be able to compress files used more frequently and not notice. I definitely wouldn’t compress files I use frequently on an older machine. It can slow down your machine as the CPU gets more involved in every disk access.
Realize that compressed files and compressed file systems are much harder to recover in the event of a crash. Make sure you’re appropriately backed up.

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TIFF files can be compressed to reduce the file size but still main a high degree of image detail. It can be saved without compression to retain 100 per cent of the original image taken - where each pixel is identical to the original image taken. Like a GIF, you can also save it with a transparent background.
Why you should compress files; It saves space, speeds up the CPU and It's less work/time consuming to transfer files.

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Lossless compression preserves all of the original file's data. RAW, BMP, and PNG are all lossless image formats. When you convert a file from a lossless format to a lossy format you're losing some of the file's data.  Programs like WinZip are based on lossless compression. In the image world, PNG files also use lossless compression. This is why they offer a smaller file size .