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Imagery is an author's use of detail to describe a picture. Donoghue uses lots of imagery especially in her description of Jack's room.

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An allegory is when a story or point in the story has two different meanings. the second meaning being that there is more to that point than just it being part of the plot. In "Room" Ma's tooth is an allegory. When it finally falls out it is symbolizing that Ma can't hang around in "Room" much longer and that she has to get out of there.

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A tragedy is when the main character suffers extreme sorrow, usually because of a flaw or bad decision they made. An example of this in Room would be when Ma first meets Ol Nick and he tells her to come with him to help his sick dog. As a result of her going with Ol Nick, she gets put in "Room" for seven years.

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An allusion is a quick reference to a significant source outside of the story.  It is generally very broad.  Emma Donoghue's Room features several allusions.  One example is her reference to J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series.

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Plot structure is the pattern or sequence of events throughout a book. "Room's" events are all in order from first to last. It doesn't really jump around and mix it up.

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The tone of a book is the attitude that the author writes or speaks in.  Tone is usually portrayed through word choice.  It highlights an author's viewpoint to a subject.
Emma Donoghue tells the story of Room in a calm, relaxing manner.

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A conflict is simply a struggle that occurs between two forces usually the protagonist and the antagonist.   There are several conflicts in Room.  But one of the most important is that Jack and his Ma have been locked up in a single house for a very long time.  The person behind this is Ole Nick.

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The setting as many know is simply the time and place of which as story takes place.  The setting of Room  is in his bedroom that he has not left in five years. That is also the the age he is turning on the day that the book is set.

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A theme is the central topic a text repeatedly focuses on. A them in Room would be the theme of desperation by Ma. Ma is so desperate to get out of Room that she is willing to put Jack in control of the situation and send him out on his own.