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I can prepare for FRQ and Multiple Choice Test 10/26

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I can prepare for FRQ and Multiple Choice Test 10/26

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I need to review the monocular and binocular cues more as I wasn't completely sure on what cues were showing up on the art walk.
I also need to review the definitions of the term as often the terms need to be defined on the FRQ
I also need to be able to apply the definitions on the FRQ in my own words
I'll prepare better for this test by using the textbook in order to help review terms and modules
The argument for receiving a cochlear implant is that it could let one who was deaf finally hear and experience new sensations.
The argument against receiving the cochlear implant is that it is very invasive and also that the person would lose their connection to deaf culture
The benefits after receiving the implant is that the children are finally allowed to hear and experience all these new things
Struggles after the implant include that they have never experienced hearing before and they must adjust to this new world and culture that they have been exposed to

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Olfactory- Chemical sense, is extremely sensitive, Airborne chemicals are soluble in the nasal Mucosa, only sense that doesn't go through thalamus, problems with smell can be due to clogged receptor cells, has direct connection with limbic system which is linked with memories
Gestation (taste)- Taste buds are receptor cells on the tongue, five tastes (salty, sour, bitter, sweet, umani)
Skin- can feel pressure, temperature, and pain, brain is the most sensitive to unexpected stimulation, sensory cortex controls the sense of touch, skin is kinesthetic sense where you can feel where limbs and body are, Presure is the only one with receptors
Vestibular sense- monitors head position and and balance
Pain is different for everyone, cultures and mindset can affect how people feel pain, for example athletes can tolerate more pain while focused on the game
Gate control theory- nerve fibers either allow or block pain signals to go to the brain through the spinal cord
Phantom Limb- where you imagine or feel a limb that has been removed

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Pinna- Outer ear, the part were most familiar with
Ear canal- Sounds travels through here to get to the eardrum
Eardrum- Very sensitive, Vibrates as sound waves hit it through the ear
Hammer, Anvil, Stirup- three smallest bones in the body and the ear, they vibrate
Oval Window- the trasnition from the bones to the cochlea, transmits the sound in the air into the liquid
Cochlea- where hair cells are moved in order to allow us to hear
Auditory Nerve- Runs to the temporal lobe where they process auditory information
All hearing is based on vibration
Conductive Deafness- difficulty getting sound to the cochlea in the ear
Sensorineural Deafness- hairs in the cochlea have difficulty functioning

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I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues 10/17

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I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues 10/17

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Proximity- grouping near by figures together
Similarity- grouping similar figures together
Muller- Lyer Illusion is an example of proximity
Continuity- seeing smooth, continuous patterns
Connectedness- When we link spots or lines together to make a single image
Visual Cliff- testing depth perception with infants
Visual constancy- perceiving images as unchanging despite changes in retinal images, 5 types such as color, shape, size, location, and brightness
Relative Size- Being able to perceive the size of something even through changes in distance
Interposition- one object blocks the view of another
Relative clarity- perception that hazy objects are farther away than clear objects
Texture Gradient- Distinct texture is closer than indistinct texture
Relative Height- Objects higher in vision look farther away compared to something lower
Relative Motion- Motion of oneself causes stationary objects to appear as though they move
Linear Perspective- Parallel lines appear to converge in distance, something farther away appears larger
Dimmer objects appear farther away than well light objects
All of the above are monocular cues
Retinal disparity- difference between convergence of two eyes
Stereoscopic vision- Combine two images to get 3D perception
Stroboscopic Movement- Motion of separate images make them appear like they are moving
Phi Phenomenon- Illusion of lights blinking back and forth
Monaural Ear Cue- Louder noise sounds closer
Binaural Cue- Multiple directions of sound

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I can larn color theories and visual cues 10/14

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I can larn color theories and visual cues 10/14

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Parallel Processing- Processing of several aspects of visual field at one time (color and motion can happen at the same time)
Hubel and Weisel- found that there are specific features in order to process different visual things
Wavelength- Distance from one peak to another, help determine color and sound
High frequency- Bluish color and high pitched sounds
Low frequency-  red color and low pitched sounds
Amplitude- Height of wave
Large Amplitude- Bright colors, loud sounds
Small Amplitude- Dull colors, soft sounds
Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory- each cone is sensitive to one of three colors (red, green, or blue)
Afterimage- When you stare at a color your cones become saturated, looking at a white piece of paper the opposite colors are projected on the paper
Herring Opponent Process Theory- there is three pairs of colors (red and green, blue and yellow, black and white), explains after image and color blindness
Colorblindness- inability to perceive hues
Monochromatic- black and white only
Di-chromatic- can only see red or green, yellow or blue

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I can understand the parts and the path of vision 10/13

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I can understand the parts and the path of vision 10/13

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Cornea- Transparent protector, place where light enters the eye
Pupil- adjustable opening in the center of the iris where light enters, contracts in bright light and relaxes in dim light
Iris- Colored part of the eye that is protected from damage from outside sources
Lens- Transparent part of the eye inside the pupil that focuses light by changing curvature, shape is round when close, flat when far
Retina- Inner lining on that back of the eyeball that contains receptor cells that are sensitive to light
Blind-spot- Point where optic never leaves the eye, there are no vision receptors
Fovea- Line of central focus, only hold cones
Optic Nerve- carries visual info to the occipital lobe, but first goes through thalamus
Optic Chiasm- Spot where nerves cross each other, then are passed to LGN in the thalamus that interprets images
Back layer of retina contains Cones are the color receptors and the rods are responsible from black and white interpretation, there are many more rods than cones
Middle layer is the bipolar cells which are specialized neurons to connect to rods and cones
Front layer is ganglion cells which send info directly to thalamus and LGN
Light goes to the back of the retina and bounces back to the front and then goes through optic nerve
There are two times of ganglion cells where magnocellur cells detect motion and parvocellur cells detect color
Acuity- ability to distinguish fine details
Light passing through layers of the retina is called transduction

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I can understand the difference between absolute, subliminal, and difference thresholds 10/12

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I can understand the difference between absolute, subliminal, and difference thresholds 10/12

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Absolute Threshold- minimum stimulation needed to detect stimulus 50% of the time
Difference Threshold- Amount something must be changed in order to detect it 50%, also known as Weber's Law, Just noticeable difference has set proportions of original stimulus that one can perceive
Subliminal Threshold- Stimuli detected below 50% of the time
We did an activity in the packet that helped give examples of when each threshold would be seen and used in everyday life
Barely hearing a sound would be a good example of an absolute auditory threshold

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I can understand the difference between top-down and bottom-up processes of sensation and perception 10/11

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I can understand the difference between top-down and bottom-up processes of sensation and perception 10/11

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We did an activity in which we had to write the ending of a story. The activity helped show how the expectations of one can influence their ending of the story. If they perceive it to be a bit more scary then they are more likely to write a scary ending.
We also saw how framing could occur as three words were written to help lead us to an answer to a posed question.
Figure ground- how we organize and process the visual information given to our brain in order to form a big picture object. Example- focusing on one voice is the figure, while the background noise is the ground
Sensation- Basic experience of stimulation of body's senses. Bottom-up processing is often associated with sensation where items are associated with each other to create a bigger picture
Perception- top down way that our brain organizes information and forms big pictures
Top down- interpret what we sense to make a generlization about what is happening/could happen
Sensation Video
1. Perception comes from top down and sensation comes from bottom up. Top down processing can recognize familiar features very early.