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Our EV Vision

Singapore aims to phase out Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles and have all vehicles run on cleaner energy by 2040.

In Singapore, where most of our power is generated from natural gas, we can be more sustainable by switching from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). An EV emits half the amount of CO₂ as compared to a similar vehicle powered by ICE. If all our light vehicles run on electricity, we would reduce carbon emissions by 1.5 to 2 million tonnes, or about 4% of total national emissions.

The Singapore Green Plan 2030 (SGP30) is spearheaded by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of National Development, Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment, Ministry of Trade and Industry, and Ministry of Transport. The 10-year plan sets out sustainability targets to achieve net-zero emissions as soon as viable and to enhance Singapore's liveability.

Under the Singapore Green Plan 2030, we have a comprehensive EV Roadmap to ramp up our efforts for EV adoption. With the advancement of EV technology, we expect that the cost of buying an EV and ICE vehicle to be similar by the mid-2020s. As the prices of EVs become more attractive, the accessibility of charging infrastructure is vital for encouraging EV adoption. In the EV Roadmap, we have set a target of 60,000 EV charging points by 2030. We will work with the private sectors to achieve 40,000 charging points in public carparks and 20,000 charging points in private premises.

To reduce the carbon footprint of public transport, LTA has committed to having a 100% cleaner energy bus fleet by 2040. Hence, moving forward, we will only purchase cleaner energy buses. In line with this vision, we bought 60 electric buses, which have been progressively deployed since 2020 and will be fully deployed by end 2021. With these 60 electric buses, the CO₂ tailpipe emissions from buses will decrease by approximately 7,840 tons annually. This is equal to the annual CO₂ emissions of 1,700 passenger cars.

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singapore green plan video - Search Videos

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Singapore's Green Plan: New targets to boost electric vehicle take-up, reduce waste and emissions

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In line with Singapore’s vision for all vehicles to run on cleaner energy by 2040, the newly formed National Electric Vehicle Centre (NEVC) spearheads the drive to promote wider EV adoption. This includes accelerating the deployment of a nationwide EV charging infrastructure, building EV regulations and standards, and cultivating a robust EV ecosystem in Singapore. NEVC works closely with relevant Government agencies and industry stakeholders to equip our workforce with new capabilities and anchor new EV-related activities in Singapore. This facilitates the safe and innovative development of new EV-related technologies in Singapore.

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Who you are

You are representatives from the car makers or

You are representatives from the car dealers (new and resale cars) or Automobile Association of Singapore or EV Association of Singapore

Your objectives

To develop and promote EVs in place of ICE models

Probing questions
What strategies would you use to promote EVs to buyers? What information can you provide to buyers to go for EVs over ICE models?

Resources to start you off

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/singapore-clean-energy-oil-gas-shell-keppel-carbon-tax-climate-14102988

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/hyundai-innovation-centre-jurong-electric-vehicle-13271782

Watch the video

https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/electric-car-sharing-service-reaches-its-one-millionth-rental

https://blog.seedly.sg/electric-vehicle-ev-singapore-guide/

EV Association of Singapore - https://www.evas.org.sg/

Automobile Association of Singapore - https://www.aas.com.sg/

https://www.singsaver.com.sg/blog/guide-to-buy-an-electric-car-singapore

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Who you are
You are representatives from oil companies based in Singapore

Your objectives

To adopt greener technology for transportation to reduce the use of petrol and diesel

Probing questions
How can you contribute to the national discussion on replacing ICE vehicles with EVs which can have a major impact on the automobile and petroleum industries?

Resources to start you off https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-governments-green-plan-offers-new-jobs-and-economic-growth

https://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2020/12/09/the-us-must-get-ahead-of-the-curve-on-electric-vehicles-and-climate-change/?sh=67269c894e72

https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/news-and-insights/speeches/back-to-the-future-electric-vehicles-and-oil-demand.html

https://qz.com/1542499/oil-companies-and-utilities-are-buying-up-all-the-electric-car-charging-startups/

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Who you are

You are representatives from NGOs (e.g., SEC) which are non-government, non-profit organisations leading the drive towards sustainability in Singapore through education and advocacy.

Your objectives

To advocate for carbon neutrality in transportation.

Probing questions

What other data/information can you provide to highlight the severity of the issue concerning the use of ICEs and the environmental sustainability concerns for use of EVs?

What possible solutions would you offer to address the concern?

Resources to start you off

https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertzafft/2021/03/23/will-electric-vehicles-pull-us-back-from-the-climate-brink---or-push-us-over-it/?sh=3867f6af670e

https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/electric-vehicles-less-pollutive-but-not-the-most-sustainable-mode-of-transport-ong-ye
https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/21/musk-calls-hydrogen-fuel-cells-stupid-but-tech-may-threaten-tesla.html

https://news.nus.edu.sg/electric-cars-and-fuel-cells-a-hopeful-outlook-for-a-sustainable-car-lite-singapore/

https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/mps-concerned-govts-plan-put-all-eggs-electric-vehicle-basket

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Who you are

You are educators or researchers.

Your objectives

To develop education programme in schools and IHLs for EV technology

To reskill existing technicians and engineers

To research on how to make EV technology more affordable and reduce carbon footprint

Probing questions

How can you contribute to promoting the use of electric vehicles?

Resources to start you off

https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/experts-laud-ambitious-spore-green-plan-2030-some-urge-more-climate-change-education

https://www.sp.edu.sg/pace/courses/course-type/short-modular/open-for-register/fundamentals-of-electric-vehicle

https://www.sp.edu.sg/pace/courses/course-type/short-modular/open-for-roi/electric-vehicle-101

https://eservices.nyp.edu.sg/alls/course/cseDetails.jsp?id=19170

https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/new-centre-to-teach-servicing-of-electric-and-hybrid-cars

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Who you are

You are car owners / drivers.

LTA has approached you to contribute to the discussion on the early adoption of electric vehicles.

Your objective

To examine the concerns of existing car users on the adoption of EVs

To offer suggestions on how to make the transition smoother

Probing questions
What other views can you offer on your concern regarding the early adoption of electric vehicles?

What suggestions can you offer?

Resources to start you off

COE System - https://onemotoring.lta.gov.sg/content/onemotoring/home/buying/upfront-vehicle-costs/certificate-of-entitlement--coe-.html

VES System - https://onemotoring.lta.gov.sg/content/onemotoring/home/buying/upfront-vehicle-costs/emissions-charges.html

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/electric-vehicle-charging-points-hdb-carparks-8-towns-14326528 Watch the video

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/comfortdelgro-engie-tender-electric-vehicle-charging-points-14531852 Watch the video

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/caltex-electric-vehicle-car-fast-charging-sp-chevron-14462708?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/video-on-demand/talking-point-fy2122/what-it-means-to-switch-to-an-electric-car-14970286 Watch the video

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Who you are

You are officers from the NEVC under LTA.

Your objective

To phase out Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles and have all vehicles run on cleaner energy by 2040

To engage the different stakeholder groups to examine how best to encourage the EV adoption to achieve the targets of the Electric Vehicle (EV) Vision.

Probing questions
What other data/information can you provide to highlight the severity of the issue of global warming and the importance of reducing carbon emissions?

How can you engage other stakeholders to work towards achieving all vehicles running on cleaner energy by 2040?

Resources to start you off
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/budget-2021-singapore-electric-vehicles-adoption-incentives-14208764

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/singapore-budget-2020-electric-vehicles-ice-ves-hybrid-car-2040-12457240#:~:text=SINGAPORE%3A%20It's%20official.,EVs)%20in%20the%20intervening%20years

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/electric-vehicle-charging-points-hdb-carparks-8-towns-14326528

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/budget-2021-singapore-electric-vehicles-adoption-incentives-14208764

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/comfortdelgro-engie-tender-electric-vehicle-charging-points-14531852

https://dollarsandsense.sg/ev-early-adopter-incentive-eeai-ves-parf-road-tax-much-can-really-save-buy-electric-car-singapore-today/

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Y4 IP Symposium 2021 Presentation Headings and Rubrics (updated 11 Jul)

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Reduced costs are the best way to promote EVs in Singapore. But the pre existing road tax of any EVs in Singapore is way higher compared to a petrol car in the similar category, deterring people from purchasing them.

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battery production is associated with 56 to 494 kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilowatt-hour of battery capacity (kg CO2/kWh) for electric vehicles. Several of the studies also provide estimates for the
equivalent amount of emissions per kilometer driven over the vehicle lifetimes. These
generally find 1–2 g CO2 per kilometer per kWh of battery capacity, while a typical petrol passenger vehicle emits about 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year.

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Entering the market with a low price (such as Tesla), creating a competitive market with low prices for all EV cars to entice consumers to make EV purchases.

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A new Nissan Leaf EV bought in the UK in 2019 would have lifetime emissions some three times lower than the average new conventional car.

Looking at this over time, in the figure below, shows that while the battery causes higher emissions during vehicle manufacture in “year zero”, this excess carbon debt would be paid back after less than two years of driving.

Drive electric cars longer to repay the carbon debt as electric cars release significantly less carbon emissions.

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Centres have been Set UP to educate workers on EV maintenance

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Centres have been Set UP to educate workers on EV maintenance

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Singapore Motor Workshop Association (SMWA) has expressed their need for the retraining technicians, in the view of electric cars having increased growth in Singapore in the coming years. As of now, it is expected that about 1000 technicians are expected to be retrained in the maintenance of EVs in the upcoming years.The upskill programs are expected to train these technicians in foundation vehicle autotronics and high-voltage electrical vehicle repairs. Hence, by retraining these workers, it could possibly encourage more people to buy electric vehicles due to them knowing that their vehicle is repairable if they ever do get into an accident

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1. for maintenance of cars in the long run, the cost of electricity is less than gas

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The government can offer subsidies for people who switch to electric vehicles. The price of petrol used to power normal cars will increase as the world uses up more fuel, this will make electric cars cheaper in the long run.

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Government subsidies e.g: In california, families making less than 300% of the federal poverty rate are eligible for a rebate of up to $4,500 on the purchase or lease of a new ev.
gasoline vehicle bans/higher taxes on gasoline to encourage people to switch to electric
ev tech can be made more affordable with the simplifications of electronics ($600 reduced)

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Making Road Tax cheaper would be the obvious solution to this problem. The pre existing road tax is based on the power output of the EVs. However, EVs are far more environmentally friendly compared to traditional petrol vehicles, and priority should be placed on the environmental benefits EVs bring instead of the electricity they use.

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Perhaps most importantly of all, they will help to improve air quality in urban centres. This is already of huge importance, with air quality in cities stretching from Delhi to London, Beijing to Brussels judged unsafe.²  And its importance will only increase as the number of people living in urban centres expands from less than 4 billion people today to close to 6.5 billion by 2050.

Tesla car sales have been growing rapidly over the past few years. As a result there are more drivers who own electric cars, and thus rely less on petroleum as fuel.

There may be tax rebates for electric vehicles

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Greater accessibility (ie. more charging ports throughout sg for greater convenience)

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Another alternative to ICEs are hydrogen fuel cars. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) combine hydrogen stored in a tank with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, with water vapor as the by-product. Unlike more common battery-powered electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles don’t need to be plugged in, and current models all exceed 300 miles of range on a full tank, providing an alternative to EVs which currently have limited range. Furthermore, they are filled up with a nozzle almost as quickly as traditional gas and diesel vehicles, compared to EVs which require a long time to charge.

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BlueSG which was launched in 2017 currently has 1000 cars available for sharing. People who sign up to use these cars do not have to pay for maintenance or insurance which is handled by the company.

If BlueSG is able to create more charging stations and place them in more parts of Singapore then more people will be able to use EVs as charging will be easier for them.

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ICEs (Internal Combustion Engines)  contribute a lot to air pollution due to the combustion of fuel for the car, which produces sulfur oxides and hydrocarbons as waste products, which are detrimental to the environment. These products are known to contribute to climate change and global warming.
Furthermore, ICEs have a low rate of efficiency, where only 16-25% of the fuel is actually converted to energy to move the car. In EVs (Electric Vehicles), 59-62% of electrical energy is converted into energy to move the car, which is a significant increase the efficiency levels as comapred to ICEs.

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Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration. In order to achieve net zero emissions, all worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will have to be counterbalanced by carbon sequestration.

Carbon sink is any system that absorbs more carbon than it emits. The main natural carbon sinks are soil, forests and oceans. According to estimates, natural sinks remove between 9.5 and 11 Gt of CO2 per year. Annual global CO2 emissions reached 38.0 Gt in 2019.

To date, no artificial carbon sinks are able to remove carbon from the atmosphere on the necessary scale to fight global warming.

The carbon stored in natural sinks such as forests is released into the atmosphere through forest fires, changes in land use or logging. This is why it is essential to reduce carbon emissions in order to reach climate neutrality.

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Education on EVs in Primary and Secondary Schools

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Education on EVs in Primary and Secondary Schools

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How and EV functions and its benefits can be incorporated into the curriculum. For example, how a battery is more efficient for EVs can be taught in chemistry, The environmental benefits if EVs can be taught in Geography, how EVs function mechanically can be taught in physics etc.

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increase production of 3rd generation electric buses, which will not only reduce traffic congestion, but help too reduce carbon emissions from transport in singapore.

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Solutions for acheiving carbon neutrality

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Solutions for acheiving carbon neutrality

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Carbon border adjustment mechanism, which would apply carbon prices on imported goods from less climate ambitious countries. This should help discourage companies moving production from the EU to somewhere with less stringent greenhouse gas emission rules. The commission should propose this carbon levy in 2021.

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current growth of EVs will not greatly impact the oil industry in the next 20 years (since it is currently more focused on cars)
"even under this scenario of very rapid growth, the emergence of EVs doesn’t look like it will stop global oil demand from growing significantly over the next 20 years: the increasing prosperity within fast-growing Asian economies is likely to continue to drive significant increases in global oil demand through other sectors that today account for 80% of oil demand"

but if it penetrates into other markets such as aviation or marine transportation --> might impact oil industry, since it depends a lot on transportation

development of EVs should work in tandem with the petroleum industries

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1.lower registration fee for EVs

2.extend the lifespan for COEs for Evs

3.provide subsidies for EVs to encourage EV purchases

4.offer trade ins(discounts) for ICE cars to be changed to EV cars

5.the government can increase the number of charging ports/parking lots (unavailable to ICE cars) in malls and HDB parking lots around Singapore making it more convenient to own a EV

6.Decrease road tax for EV users

7.apply import taxes to petrol imports to make petrol a premium

8.increase import of international EV cars eg. tesla to make it more accessible

9. MOE can encourage and teach students about the benefits of EV and inculcate it into the school curiculum

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https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimmagill/2021/03/28/oil-gas-companies-deploy-ai-in-the-fight-to-reduce-carbon-emissions/?sh=69c6cfb761e4
development of AI in order to increase carbon efficiency in the petroleum industry
lowering carbon footprint: from performing predictive monitoring of carbon emissions from a particular oilfield; to conducting analysis of the oil-producing potential of a given field, thus reducing the number of wells that need to be drilled; to optimizing the storage of CO₂, which can be used in the production of hard-to-get-at oil. Such enhanced oil recovery results in storing the CO₂ deep underground, rather than releasing it into the atmosphere. --> from article

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1AgXUDpvjrPzJJVn2oH59vQoyVplb8JMWANhba14NJPg/edit?usp=sharing

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1np1rYnTiXKWm7sqWqJeSCoo63cI4gQTx/view?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1rNjSXk45_s38jdOJ6hjrH51MqBYB1BNNZeG4yPjmv0Q/edit?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1uOnwVriIAjheEv8DY6jRi99BmkRoYJRaENpwuuPQP4I/edit?usp=sharing