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This lesson plan aims at creating an interdisciplinary Unit in order to   develop and enhance  the oral and written skills in English (through the use of ICT).
This work was carried out by the class 4 SALA A (Hotel School 'Enrico Mattei' in Vieste) and their English teacher, prof.ssa Valeria Carbone.

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The food pyramid of vegan nutrition

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CURIOSITY:

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CURIOSITY:
The first vegetarian seems to have been Pitagora.
Well yes, one of the founding fathers of philosophy and mathematics, and it seems it is also of vegetarianism.  Other historical vegan figures include Hippocrates, Aristotle, Plato, Galen, Seneca, but also Leonardo Da vinci, Einstein, Henry David Thoreau, Gandhi.

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A MACROBIOTIC DIET is a fad diet based on ideas about types of food drawn from Zen Buddhism. The diet attempts to balance the supposed yin and yang elements of food and cookware. Major principles of macrobiotic diets are to reduce animal products, eat locally grown food that are in season, and consume meals in moderation. There in no high-quality clinical evidence that a macrobiotics is helpful for people with cancer or other diseases, and it may be harmful. Neither the American Cancer Society nor Cancer Research UK recommends adopting the diet.
WHAT CAN YOU EAT?
The macrobiotic diet is a pescatarian diet based primarily on consuming locally and organiclly grown whole grains, vegetables, and beans. The ideal breakdown in60% whole grains, 30% vegetablez, and 10% beans  tofu, or sea vegetables (seaweed). Fresh seafood, fruit, and nuts can be consumed one to theree times a week. Herbs should be used to add flavor, while rice syrup in only recommended sweetener and should be used sparingly.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS ?
The macrobiotic diet, along with other plant-based diets, has consistently been shown to help lower the risk of heart disease, cancer, and diabets. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory power of plant-based food can help decrease the risk of chronic diseases . The diet has also been shown to reduce levels of circulating estrogen in woman, which may help lower  risk of breast and other cancer.

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The mediterranean diet is a diet invented in the United States in the 1980 and ispired by the eating habits of Italy and Greece.
The mediterranean diet is a way of eating based on the traditional cuisine of countries bordering the Mediterranean sea.
While there is no single defination of the mediterranean diet, It Is typically high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds and olive oil.
The main components of mediterranean diet include:
-daily consuption of the vegetables, fruits, whole grains and healthy fats;
-weekly intake of fish, poultry, beans and eggs;
-moderate portions of dairy products;
-limited intake of red meat;
Eating a mediterranean diet is not really dieting at all, but eating a variety of fresh foods that taste good and prevent obesity and its health consequence.
The health benefits of the mediterranean diet range from a lower risk of heart disease, diabets, Alzheimer, osteoporosis and stroke, lower blood pressure and LDL levels, improved Bran fuction and fertility.
Other important elements of the mediterranean diet are sharing meals with family and friends, enjoying a glass of red wine and being physically active.

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The vegetarian diet completely PROHIBITS the use of meat and fish (including molluscs and crustaceans) BUT allows the use of "animal-derived" foods such as eggs, milk, cheeses and honey. The vegetarian diet is therefore NOT a diet without food of animal origin and, contrary to other similar currents of thought, it is sustainable and potentially balanced.The vegetarian diet is NOT a vegan diet (which renounces, in addition to animal products, also to ALL derivatives), nor a raw food diet (based only on raw fruits and vegetables), or a fruitist diet (allows only fruit, oilseeds and sprouted seeds) or an eco-vegan diet (vegan diet that implies consuming ONLY products deriving from organic farming).The vegetarian diet is "apparently" a healthy diet; on the other hand, providing for the consumption of eggs and cheeses (the 2 products of animal origin that contain more cholesterol and saturated fats), it could also be extremely rich in animal lipids and, similarly to a traditional diet, induce metabolic breakdowns also of considerable magnitude. However, in the event that the consumption of eggs and cheeses prefers or is limited to: egg whites, light cheeses and ricotta from partially skimmed milk, the vegetarian diet could represent a real cure-all for the treatment of certain diseases such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, while (in my opinion) could be more problematic in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and for obesity (due to the large volume of carbohydrates, therefore of calories, ingested by means of cereals and related derivatives). The vegetarian diet is a diet rich in antioxidants, pro-vitamins A (β-carotene), vitamin C, folic acid, potassium, magnesium, phytosterols and dietary fiber; moreover, the vegetarian diet has a decidedly favorable PRAL. On the other hand, it brings a significant amount of anti-nutritional elements (oxalic acid, phytates in general, tannins etc. which chelate above all iron and calcium, but also zinc and selenium), fructose as simple sugar, and it is low in iron " ferrous "(the most bioavailable), vit. B12 and vit. D. Lastly, since of modest entity, the low protein intake; it, which is manifested in a more relevant way in veganism and its variants, in the vegetarian diet is complicated ONLY in the event that the portions of eggs and cheeses are neglected. However, these foods could be subjected to a quantitative reduction due to a possible excess of saturated fats and / or cholesterol (with or without the presence of related pathologies); in this case, the quantity and / or biological value of the food proteins will hardly be sufficient to maintain the optimal state of health. NB. The vegetarian diet of the sportsman MUST be calculated meticulously to meet all the nutritional requirements of the case, making use, if necessary, of food supplements.

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The Paleolithic diet, Paleo diet, caveman diet, or stone-age diet is a modern fad diet requiring the sole or predominant eating of foods presumed to have been available to humans during the Paleolithic era. While there is wide variability in the way the paleo diet is interpreted, the diet typically includes vegetables, fruits, nuts, roots, and meat and typically excludes foods such as dairy products, grains, sugar, legumes, processed oils, salt, alcohol, and coffee  The diet is based on avoiding not just processed foods, but rather the foods that humans began eating after the Neolithic Revolution when humans transitioned from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agriculture. The paleo diet is promoted as a way of improving health. There is some evidence that following this diet may lead to improvements in terms of body composition and metabolic effects compared with the typical Western diet or compared with diets recommended by national nutritional guidelines. Following the paleo diet can lead to nutritional deficiencies such as an inadequate calcium intake, and side effects can include weakness, diarrhea, and headachesResearch into the weight loss effects of the paleolithic diet has generally been of poor quality. One trial of obese postmenopausal women found improvements in weight and fat loss after six months, but the benefits had ceased by 24 months; side effects among participants included "weakness, diarrhea, and headaches".Any weight loss caused by the diet was merely the result of calorie restriction, rather than a special feature of the diet itself.

These preliminary trials have found that participants eating a paleo nutrition pattern had better measures of cardiovascular and metabolic health than people eating a standard diet, though the evidence is not strong enough to recommend the paleo diet for treatment of metabolic syndrome.

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Eat more fruit💪

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WE ARE THE CHAMPIONS! :)

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WHAT IS THE FRUTARIAN DIET?
Fruitarianism is a subtype of a vegan diet. A fruitarian is someone who only eats fruit and the edible products coming from a plant, that can be harvested without harming or killing the plant, but without animal . May be adopted for different reasons, including ethical, religious, environmental, cultural, economic, and health.

CURIOSITY: Raw fruitarianism is a form of fruitarianism that quickly gains popularity. Like the name says, it means that  you only eat your food the way nature gives it to you. In other words: not baked, fried or cooked, but raw.

WHAT CAN A FRUTARIAN EAT?
A fruitarian only eats the fruits of a plant, but that doesn’t mean that a fruitarian only eats fruit. Although the list you’ve just read may look daunting.                                  There is still ample foodstuffs you can eat while maintaining a fruitarian diet:

| Fresh fruit | Apples, pears, bananas, mango’s, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, sharon fruit, papaya, pineapple, melon, kiwi’s, lychees, grapes, cherries, strawberries, etc.

| Dried fruit | Dates, mulberries, goji berries, dried plums, apricots and apple parts, grated coconut.

| Fruit vegetables | Avocado, tomato, courgette (zuccini), cucumber, paprika, peppers, aubergine (eggplant), pumpkin, pickles, olives.

| Legumes | White beans, brown beans, black beans, red beans, kidney beans, fava beans, soy beans, lupine, lentils, chickpeas, marrowfat peas, green beens, sugar peas. Not peanuts.

| Grains | Wheat, rice, oat, rye, maize, quinoa, buckwheat, barley, millet, amaranth.

| Nuts and seeds | Almonds, walnuts, pecans, cashews, hazelnuts, pistachios, macadamias, brazil nuts, chestnuts, pine nuts, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, chiaseeds, flax seed, sesame seeds, hemp seeds, poppy seeds.

| Meat substitute | Seitan, tofu, tempeh, vegan meat replacer without plant parts

| Drinks and fluids | Coffee, fruit juice, tomato juice, coconut water, coconut mil, soy milk, rice milk, oat milk, almond milk (all without plant ingredients), wine, gin.

| Sugars | Coconut sugar, date syrup, malt syrup, rice syrup, corn syrup, dextrose.

| Flavourings | Salt, pepper, vinegar, olive oil, soy sauce, chili sauce, cacao, cumin, paprika powder, cayenne pepper, nutmeg.

THIS IS A TYPE OF FRUITARIAN MENU:
Breakfast: A big smoothie with three bananas, blueberries, dates, and about a cup of coconut milk.
Morning snack: A handful of dried peaches.
Lunch: Two massive bowls of fruit salad, filled with bananas, grapes, and berries (followed by a vitamin B12 supplement).
Afternoon snack: A handful of dried figs.
Dinner: A large bowl of chopped avocado, cucumber, and tomato, dressed with olive oil, lemon, salt, and pepper.
Dessert: A bag of raw almonds.

This is the typical day of Mango Wodzak and his wife, who have been on the fruitarian diet for 20 years

HOW HEALTY IS FRUTARIAN DIET?
Fruitarian diet is fine to maintain for a few days or weeks, if you make sure you get enough nutrients from it. This can be tricky, especially as a raw fruitarian. That is why in my humble opinion, a fruitarian diet does not make a good long term food plan. This diets can be very restrictive and can cause several problems: weight gain, diabetes, tooth decay, nutritional deficiencies.

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Low dieta or carbohydrate restriered diets,are diets that restriet carbohydrate consumption relative to the average diet.
Foods containing a higher percentoge of fot and protein ,as well as low carbohydrate foods;there is a lock of standardization of how much carbohydrate diet must have and this has complicated research,One definition  from the American Academy of family physicions,specifies low carb diets as having than 20%.
There is no good evidence that low carb dieting confers any particular health benefits,where low carb diets as weight lass is mainly determined by calory restriction and adherence.

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Macrobiotic diet