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Biography of Alexander Graham Bell for Children: Famous Inventors for Kids - FreeSchool

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Sylvia Earle is a scientist. She has spent many years studying oceans. She loves to learn about plants and animals that live underwater. She works to keep the oceans clean. She protects the animals that live there.
Ocean Explorer

Earle has been interested in the oceans since she was a young girl. In college, she learned how to scuba dive.

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Helping the Planet

Earle started a group called Mission Blue. It works to keep pollution × pollution STR/AFP/GETTY IMAGES something that makes land, water, or air dirty or unsafe ( ) People sometimes wear masks to stay safe from air pollution. out of the oceans. The group protects fish and sea plants.

EDWINA PICKLES-FAIRFAX MEDIA/GETTY IMAGES

Deep in the Water

Earle has been deep-sea diving for more than 40 years. She dives far below the surface × surface MSSS/JPL-CALTECH/NASA/GETTY IMAGES the outermost layer of something ( ) Robots are exploring the surface of Mars. . She was one of the first women to do these deep dives.

Hope for the Future

Earle takes kids on underwater adventures. They learn about sea life. "We need to respect the oceans and take care of them," Earle says.

Where in the World?

The Gulf of California Hope Spot is in Mexico. It is one of the most protected ocean areas in the world. It is home to more than 800 kinds of fish.

MAPS BY JOE LEMONNIER FOR TIME FOR KIDS

Think!

Would you want to go deep-sea diving? Why or why not?

Deep in the Ocean

The deep ocean is made up of different zones, or areas. Study the diagram to learn about the zones. Then answer the questions.

ILLUSTRATION BY STEVE SKELTON FOR TIME FOR KIDS

1. True or false: The ocean gets warmer the deeper you go.

2. Which zone has the most plants and animals?

3. In which zones can you find animals that make their own light?

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Sylvia Earle is a scientist. She has spent many years studying oceans. She loves to learn about plants and animals that live underwater. She works to keep the oceans clean. She protects the animals that live there. Ocean Explorer Earle...

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Early Life

Wilbur Wright was born on April 16, 1867, near Millville, Indiana. He was the middle child in a family of five children. His father, Milton Wright, was a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. His mother was Susan Catherine Koerner.

The family later moved to Dayton, Ohio. As a child, Wilbur's playmate was his younger brother, Orville Wright, born in 1871 in Dayton.

Did you know? Neither Wilbur nor Orville attended college, but their younger sister Katherine did.

Milton Wright's preaching took him on the road frequently, and he often brought back small toys for his children. In 1878 he brought back a small model helicopter for his boys. Made of cork, bamboo and paper, and powered by a rubber band to twirl its blades, the model was based on a design by the French aeronautical pioneer Alphonse Pénaud. Fascinated by the toy and its mechanics, Wilbur and Orville would develop a lifelong love of aeronautics and flying.

Wilbur was a bright and studious child and excelled in school. His personality was outgoing and robust, and he made plans to attend Yale University after high school. In the winter of 1885-86, an accident changed the course of Wilbur's life. He was badly injured in an ice hockey game when another player's stick hit him in the face.

Though most of his injuries healed, the incident plunged Wilbur into a depression. He did not receive his high school diploma, canceled plans for college, and retreated to his family's home. Wilbur spent much of this period at home, reading books in his family's library, and caring for his ailing mother, who died in 1889 of tuberculosis.

In 1889 the brothers started their own newspaper, the West Side News. Wilbur edited the paper, and Orville was the publisher. The brothers also shared a passion for bicycles-a new craze that was sweeping the country. In 1892 Wilbur and Orville opened a bike shop, fixing bicycles and selling their own design.

First Flight

Always working on different mechanical projects and keeping up with scientific research, the Wright brothers closely followed the research of German aviator Otto Lilienthal. When Lilienthal died in a glider crash, the brothers decided to start their own experiments with flight. Determined to develop their own successful design, Wilbur and Orville headed to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, known for its strong winds.

Wilbur and Orville set to work trying to figure out how to design wings for flight. They observed that birds angled their wings for balance and control, and tried to emulate this, developing a concept called "wing warping." When they added a moveable rudder, the Wright brothers found they had the magic formula.

On December 17, 1903, they succeeded in flying the first free, controlled flight of a power-driven, heavier-than-air plane. Wilbur flew their plane for 59 seconds, over a distance of 852 feet, an extraordinary achievement.

The Wright brothers soon found that their success was not appreciated by all. Many in the press, as well as fellow flight experts, were reluctant to believe the brothers' claims at all. As a result, Wilbur set out for Europe in 1908, where he hoped he would have more success convincing the public and selling airplanes.

Fame

In France, Wilbur found a much more receptive audience. He made many public flights and gave rides to officials, journalists and statesmen. In 1909 Orville joined his brother in Europe, as did their younger sister Katharine. The Wrights became huge celebrities there, hosted by royals and heads of state, and constantly featured in the press.

The Wrights began to sell their airplanes in Europe, before returning to the United States in 1909. The brothers became wealthy businessmen, filling contracts for airplanes in Europe and the United States.

Wilbur and Orville always shared credit for their innovations and maintained a close relationship throughout their lives. Behind the scenes, however, there was a division of labor. With his sharp instincts, Wilbur was the business mind and executive of the operation, serving as president of the Wright company.

Death and Legacy

Wilbur fell ill on a trip to Boston in April 1912. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever and died on May 30 at his family home in Dayton, Ohio. Milton Wright wrote in his diary, "A short life, full of consequences. An unfailing intellect, imperturbable temper, great self-reliance and as great modesty, seeing the right clearly, pursuing it steadily, he lived and died."

Orville spent the last three decades of his life serving on boards and committees related to aeronautics, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Neither Orville nor Wilbur ever married. On January 30, 1948, Orville died after suffering a second heart attack. He is buried at the Wright family plot in Dayton, Ohio.

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Wright Brothers: First Flight, Plane & Kitty Hawk - HISTORY

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The Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, were U.S. inventors and aviation pioneers who achieved one of the first flights with a powered airplane.

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The Wright Brothers, First Successful Airplane (1903)

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Biography of the Wright Brothers for Children: Orville and Wilbur Wright for Kids - FreeSchool

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Quick Facts

"We were lucky enough to grow up in an environment where there was always much encouragement to children to pursue intellectual interests; to investigate whatever aroused curiosity."

Name

Orville Wright

Birth Date

August 19, 1871

Death Date

January 30, 1948

Education

Dayton Central High School

Place of Birth

Dayton, Ohio

Place of Death

Dayton, Ohio

Nickname

"Father of Modern Aviation"

Full Name

Orville Wright

Who Was Orville Wright?

Orville Wright and his elder brother, Wilbur Wright, were the inventors of the world's first successful airplane. The brothers successfully conducted the first free, controlled flight of a power-driven airplane on December 17, 1903. They subsequently became successful businessmen, filling contracts for airplanes in both Europe and the United States. Today, the Wright brothers are considered the "fathers of modern aviation." Orville is also known for developing technology for the U.S. Army.

Early Life

Orville Wright was born on August 19, 1871, in Dayton, Ohio, one of five children of Susan Catherine Koerner and Milton Wright, a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ.

As a child, Orville was a mischievous and curious boy, and his family encouraged his intellectual development. "We were lucky enough to grow up in an environment where there was always much encouragement to children to pursue intellectual interests; to investigate whatever aroused curiosity," Orville later wrote in his memoir.

Milton traveled often for his church work, and in 1878, he brought home a toy helicopter for his boys. Based on an invention by French aeronautical pioneer Alphonse Pénaud, it was made of cork, bamboo and paper, and used a rubber band to twirl its twin blades. Orville and his brother were fascinated by the toy, and a lifelong passion for aeronautics was born.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

The Wright family moved to Richmond, Indiana, in 1881. In Richmond, Orville developed a love of kites and soon began making his own at home. By 1884, the family was back in Ohio, where Orville enrolled at Dayton Central High School. Never especially studious, Orville was more interested in hobbies outside the classroom than school, and, thusly, dropped out of high school during his senior year and opened a print shop. Having worked in a print shop over the summer, he quickly went to work designing his own printing press for the shop. In 1889, Orville began publishing the West Side News, a weekly West Dayton newspaper. Wilbur served as the paper's editor.

That same year, tragedy struck the Wright family. Orville's mother died after suffering a long bout of tuberculosis. With her mother gone, Orville's sister Katharine took on the responsibilities of maintaining the household. The bond between Orville, Katharine and Wilbur was a strong one, and the siblings would remain a close trio throughout the majority of their lives.

Inventing the Airplane

After their mother's death, Orville and his brother dedicated themselves to another shared interest: bicycles. A new, safer design had set off a bicycle craze across the country. The brothers opened a bicycle shop in 1892, selling and fixing bikes, and began manufacturing their own design in 1896. Orville invented a self-oiling wheel hub for their popular bikes.

Always curious about aeronautics, Orville and Wilbur followed the latest flying news. When famous German aviator Otto Lilienthal, whose research they had studied, died in a glider crash, the Wright brothers became convinced that, with better designs, human flight was possible. The brothers took their work to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, where heavy winds were more conducive to flying.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Orville and Wilbur began experimenting with wings. They observed that birds angled their wings to balance and control their bodies during flight. Utilizing their concept of "wing warping" and the movable rudder, the brothers developed a design that had eluded all who came before them. On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers succeeded in making the first free, controlled flight of a power-driven airplane. Of four flights they made that day, the longest was 59 seconds, over a distance of 852 feet. Today, the Wright brothers are considered the "fathers of modern aviation."

Fame

News of the Wrights' feat was met with early skepticism. After funding a number of failed flying experiments, the United States government was reluctant to back their work. When Wilbur set sail for Europe, Orville headed to Washington, D.C., to demonstrate their flying machine in hopes of winning government and army contracts. In July 1909, Orville completed the demonstration flights for the U.S. Army, which had demanded that a passenger seat be built in the plane. The Wright brothers sold the plane for $30,000.

The Wright brothers' extraordinary success led to contracts in both Europe and the United States, and they soon became wealthy business owners. They began building a grand family home in Dayton, where they had spent much of their childhood.

On May 25, 1910, Orville flew for six minutes with Wilbur as his passenger-marking the first and only flight the brothers would make together. That same day, Orville took his 82-year-old father out for the first and only flight of his life.

In 1912, Wilbur died of typhoid fever. Without his brother and business partner, Orville was forced to take on the presidency of the Wright company. Unlike his brother, though, he cared little for the business side of their work, and, thusly, sold the company in 1915.

Later Life and Death

Orville spent the last three decades of his life serving on boards and committees related to aeronautics, including the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He cut off communication with his sister, Katharine, when she married in 1926. Neither Orville nor Wilbur ever married, and he was greatly upset by his sister's choice. In 1929, he had to be persuaded to visit Katharine at her deathbed.

On January 30, 1948, Orville died after suffering a second heart attack. He is buried at the Wright family plot in Dayton, Ohio.

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Check out our fun facts for kids that feature interesting trivia, quotes and information related to a range of famous scientists.

Albert Einstein Facts

Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous scientist of all time. Both his image and brilliant work on theoretical physics live on today and he serves as an inspiration to young scientists around the world.

Read on for interesting facts, quotes and information about Albert Einstein.

Albert Einstein was born on the 14th of March 1879 and died on the 18th of April 1955.

Born in Germany to a Jewish family, Einstein made many contributions to the field of theoretical physics.

Even when very young, Einstein showed great ability in both math's and science. He was naturally curious and had a brilliant analytical mind.

Einstein worked in a patent office evaluating patents for electromagnetic devices not long after he graduated.

He produced perhaps one of the most famous equations ever: E = mc² (energy equals mass multiplied by the speed of light squared).

He is also well known for his theory of relativity. Special relativity being introduced in his 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" before Einstein developed the theory of general relativity between the years of 1907 and 1915.

Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on theoretical physics.

He worked on many other influential theories and projects including: the deflection of light by gravity, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, Brownian motion, an explanation for capillary action and much more.

Famous Albert Einstein quotes include: "Whether you can observe a thing or not depends on the theory which you use. It is the theory which decides what can be observed."

"If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music.... I do know that I get most joy in life out of my violin."

"Physical concepts are free creations of the human mind, and are not, however it may seem, uniquely determined by the external world."

"I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world."

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Albert Einstein Facts, Quotes, Relativity Theory, Science Information

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Check out our fun facts for kids that feature interesting trivia, quotes and information related to a range of famous scientists. Albert Einstein Facts Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous scientist of all time. Both his image and brilliant work on theoretical physics live on today and he serves as an inspiration to young scientists around the world.

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Albert Einstein for Kids | Scientist & Inventor

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Albert Einstein: Genius Inventor and Scientist

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Kids learn about Albert Einstein’s biography. A great scientist and inventor. A true genius.

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12 Things You Didn't Know About Albert Einstein

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Biography

Amelia Earhart
from the Los Angeles Daily News

Occupation: Aviator

Born: July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas

Died: She disappeared on July 2, 1937 over the Pacific Ocean. She was declared dead on January 5, 1939

Best known for: Being the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean

Biography:

Where did Amelia Earhart grow up?

Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas. Her father, Edwin, was a lawyer who worked for the railroad. She spent a lot of her childhood playing with her younger sister Muriel.

Growing up Amelia and her sister had all sorts of adventures. They collected insects and frogs. They liked to play sports including baseball and football. Amelia even learned to shoot a .22 rifle and used it to kill rats in her Dad's barn.

Amelia's first "flight" was when she was just seven years old. With the help of Muriel and her uncle she made a homemade roller coaster. After crashing dramatically she told her sister that it "was just like flying".

When Amelia was eleven years old, in 1908, she saw one of the Wright Brothers first airplanes at the Iowa State Fair. She had no interest in flying and didn't think much of the plane at the time.

Before Flying

After graduating from high school, Amelia wasn't sure what she wanted to do. She first went to the Ogontz School in Pennsylvania, but dropped out to become a nurse's aide tending wounded soldiers from World War I. Then she studied to become a mechanic, but soon was back in school studying for a career in medicine. Eventually she decided to go into medical research. That is, until she took her first plane flight.

First Time Flying

On December 28, 1920 Amelia and her father visited an air show in California. Amelia went on her first plane flight that day. She later said that "I knew I had to fly" as soon as the plane was just a few hundred feet off the ground.

Amelia worked hard and, together with some money from her mother, she was able to pay for flying lessons. Eventually she purchased her own plane. A bright yellow airplane she nicknamed the "Canary". She also got her pilot's license and set a new altitude record for female pilots of 14,000 feet.

Amelia Earhart awaits transatlantic flight 1928
by Wide World Photos

First Woman to Cross the Atlantic

In 1928 Amelia was invited to take part in a historic flight across the Atlantic. Together with pilot Bill Stultz and co-pilot Slim Gordon, Amelia flew across the Atlantic Ocean in the airplane Friendship. Amelia was the navigator on the flight. On June 18, 1928 after twenty one hours of flying, the plane landed in Wales. She was the first woman to make the flight across the Atlantic.

Earhart was received back in the United States as a hero. They had a ticker tape parade for her in New York City and she even got to meet President Calvin Coolidge at the White House.

Crossing the Atlantic Solo

Amelia was not satisfied, however. She wanted to make the same trip across the Atlantic, but this time she wanted to pilot the plane and make the flight by herself. On May 20, 1932 she took off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland aboard a bright red single engine Lockheed Vega airplane. She intended to make the same flight that Charles Lindbergh had made five years before and fly to Paris, France.

The flight was very dangerous. There was bad weather, thick clouds, and often her windshield and wings were covered with ice. Fourteen hours later she had crossed the Atlantic Ocean, but had to cut the flight short, landing in a cow pasture in Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

Amelia became only the second person after Charles Lindbergh to successfully fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo. She received many awards including becoming the first woman to receive the Distinguished Flying Cross from Congress.

Aviator

Amelia continued to fly over the next several years. She broke many records including being the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California. Amelia wrote and gave speeches about flying and women's rights.

World Flight

Although she was the most famous woman pilot in the world, Earhart wasn't satisfied and wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. On June 1, 1937 Amelia and Fred Noonan, her navigator, took off from Miami, Florida. They flew a number of flights, eventually getting all the way across Africa and Asia to New Guinea in the South Pacific. On July 2nd they took off from New Guinea to fly to Howland Island in the Pacific Ocean, but they were never seen from again.

Amelia Disappears

The United States government searched for Amelia and her plane for several weeks, but they could not find them. There have been a lot of theories about what happened to the flight, but no one really knows and her plane has never been found.

Fun Facts about Amelia Earhart

Amelia went by the nicknames Meeley and Millie. Her sister Muriel was called Pidge.

She married her book publisher, George Putnam, in 1931.

When Amelia landed in Ireland after her solo Atlantic flight, the farmer asked her where she was from. When she answered that she was from America, he wasn't quite sure he believed her.

Howland Island is a mile and a half wide and one mile long. It is located in the Pacific Ocean 2,556 miles from New Guinea. A lighthouse was built to the memory of Amelia Earhart on Howland Island.

In 1935 she became the first person to fly solo from Los Angeles to Mexico City and from Mexico City to Newark, New Jersey.

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Amelia Mary Earhart (born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author.

Earhart was the first female aviator (pilot) to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and played a large part in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.

Born in Atchison, Kansas, Earhart developed a passion for adventure at a young age, steadily gaining flying experience from her twenties. In 1928, Earhart became the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane accompanying pilot Wilmer Stultz. This is part of what made her famous.

In 1932, piloting a Lockheed Vega 5B, Earhart made a nonstop solo transatlantic flight, becoming the first woman to achieve such a feat. She received the United States Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment.

In 1935, Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to Purdue University School of aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.

During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. She was declared dead on January 5, 1939.

Background

Amelia Earhart's parents encouraged her from a young age to participate in activities usually left to boys, such as football, baseball, and fishing in her hometown of Atchison, Kansas. Receiving their encouragement, watching numerous air shows in Los Angeles, and paying a pilot a dollar for a 10-minute airplane ride all contributed to her decision to become a pilot and join this mainly male field. After her first ride, she wrote, "By the time I had gotten two or three hundred feet off the ground, I knew I had to fly."

From 1921 to 1922, Earhart was taught to fly by Neta Snook, the first woman to graduate from the Curtis School of Aviation. In October 1922, Earhart received her pilot's license from the Federation Aeronatique Internationale. Soon after, on October 22, 1922, Earhart set a women's altitude record of 14,000 feet (4,200 meters) in a Kinner Canary, an open-cockpit, single-engine biplane.

Charles Lindbergh made his record-setting solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. One of the people inspired by his feat was flying enthusiast Amy Guest, who hoped to be the first woman to cross the Atlantic. She purchased a plane but her family stopped the trip.

Earhart went in her place and became the first female to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Leaving Newfoundland, Canada, on June 4, 1928, Earhart joined Wilmer L. Stutz and Louis E. Gordon in their bright red Fokker F.VII named the Friendship on their 2,000-mile (3,219-kilometer) trip to Wales. Earhart had no part in piloting the plane during the 20-hour, 40-minute trip and was, in her words, "just baggage," making her even more eager to cross the Atlantic on her own.

In 1929, Earhart co-founded an organization whose goal was to advance women's participation and opportunities in aviation. Called the Ninety-Nines, the organization was composed of 99 charter members, representing 99 of the 117 licensed women pilots in the United States at the time.

Earhart continued setting records. On July 6, 1930, she set a woman's speed record of 181 miles per hour (291 kilometers per hour), in a Lockheed Vega, a single-engine monoplane. On April 8, 1931, she set an autogiro (similar to a helicopter) altitude record of 18,451 feet (5,623.8 meters).

First solo Atlantic flight

On May 20-21, 1932, Earhart accomplished her goal of flying solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She took off from Newfoundland, Canada, at 7:12 p.m. on May 20, in her Lockheed Vega. Her flight was filled with dangers, from rapidly changing weather, to a broken altimeter (so she could not tell how high she was flying), to gasoline leaking into the cockpit. At one point her plane dropped almost 3,000 feet (914 meters) and went into a spin (which she managed to pull out of) and flames were shooting out of the exhaust manifold.

She brought her plane down on the coast of Ireland after a harrowing trip that lasted 15 hours, 18 minutes. The flight was the second solo flight across the Atlantic and the longest nonstop flight by a woman-2,026 miles (3,261 kilometers)--as well as the first flight across the Atlantic by a woman.

President Herbert Hoover awarded her the National Geographic Society Medal on June 21, 1932, for her achievement, and the U.S. Congress awarded her the Distinguished Flying Cross, the first woman to receive such an honor. Earhart's accomplishment meant a great deal to the entire world, but especially to women, for it demonstrated that women could set their own course in aviation and other fields.

Other achievements

Her next major achievement was to set the women's nonstop transcontinental speed record. On August 24-25, 1932, she flew from Los Angeles, California, to Newark, New Jersey, in a record 19 hours, 5 minutes, flying a Lockheed Vega, also becoming the first woman to fly solo coast-to-coast. The next July, she flew the same flight; this time she did it in 17 hours, 7 minutes and set a new transcontinental speed record.

In January 1935, Earhart became the first woman to make a solo long-distance flight over the Pacific Ocean, flying from Honolulu, Hawaii, to San Francisco, California. This complicated flight in her second Lockheed Vega occurred in adverse weather conditions and demonstrated Earhart's courage as well as her stubbornness.

She followed that flight with two more first solo flights-one on April 19-20 from Los Angeles, California, to Mexico City, in 13 hours, 23 minutes and the second on May 8, 1935, from Mexico City to Newark, New Jersey, in 14 hours, 19 minutes.

Flight around the world

Earhart wanted to be the first of either gender to fly around the world at its widest, close to the equator. She got the most advanced long-range, non-military aircraft available-a Lockheed Model 10E Electra. The all-metal, two-engine plane had been reconfigured with extra fuel tanks replacing the passenger seats, allowing the plane to travel farther between refueling.

Her first attempt at the world flight began on March 17, 1937, in Oakland, California, but ended abruptly with a runway crash in Honolulu, Hawaii, after a tire blew and a shock absorber on the landing gear failed. Earhart decided to repair the damaged plane and try again.

Her next try began on May 20, 1937, this time heading from Oakland to Miami, Florida. However, the plane had mechanical problems along the way that resulted in further delays. Eventually, she and Fred Noonan, her navigator, reached Miami and made final adjustments to the plane's engines and instruments. Finally, Earhart and Noonan were ready to depart.

What turned out to be the final flight of Earhart's career, and, ultimately, her life, began on June 1, 1937. Earhart and Noonan left for their round-the-world flight from Miami, Florida, in her twin-engine, red-winged Electra. From Miami, they flew to San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Right before taking off on this leg of the flight, Earhart was quoted as saying, "I have a feeling there is just about one more good flight left in my system and I hope this trip is it. Anyway, when I have finished this job, I mean to give up long-distance 'stunt' flying."

Disappearance

As Earhart's journey continued, news of her flight made the front page of newspapers around the world. She sent reports of the land, cultures, and people she encountered. On June 30, 1937, Earhart and Noonan arrived in Lae, New Guinea. They had traveled 22,000 miles (35,406 kilometers) and had 7,000 miles (11,265 kilometers) left to go.

Their next destination, and the most dangerous stop of the trip, was Howland Island, a tiny island in the Pacific Ocean, 2,556 miles (4,113 kilometers) away. Before Earhart took off from Lae on July 1, there was confusion about which radio frequencies were to be used. This did not get solved before she took off.

As the scheduled time neared for Earhart to approach the island, several transmissions were received from her, demanding to know the weather. A new weather report describing heavy clouds and rain northwest of Howland had been issued, and Earhart had run into the storm. Earhart transmitted several more times but never reached her destination, disappearing somewhere off the coast of the island.

A large search party was quickly organized, but no remains of the crew and the plane were ever found.

There are many theories surrounding the controversial disappearance of Earhart's plane on July 2, 1937. Most researchers believe that Earhart and Noonan got lost, ran out of gas, and went down somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. However, two other theories have grown in the years since, one involving capture and execution as spies by the Japanese, and the other dying of exposure after landing on a deserted island.

Although only 39 when she disappeared, Earhart accomplished a great deal and is considered a true hero of the 20th century, especially for women. She demonstrated courage, integrity, and an independent spirit.

She used her fame to advance the cause of women and showed that a determined woman could achieve anything. Her efforts led a generation of women to seek new horizons and new roles for themselves.

Books by Earhart

Amelia Earhart was an accomplished writer who served as aviation editor for Cosmopolitan magazine from 1928 to 1930. She authored numerous magazine articles and essays, and published two books based on her experiences as a flyer during her lifetime:

20 Hrs., 40 Min. was her journal of her 1928 flight across the Atlantic as a passenger, making her the first woman to make such a journey.

The Fun of It was a diary/memoir of her flying experiences, as well as an essay on women in aviation.

A third book credited to Earhart, Last Flight, was published following her disappearance and featured journal entries she made in the weeks before her final departure from New Guinea.

Amelia Earhart quotes

"Adventure is worthwhile in itself."

"I have often said that the lure of flying is the lure of beauty."

"Never interrupt someone doing what you said couldn't be done."

"Mostly, my flying has been solo, but the preparation for it wasn't. Without my husband's help and encouragement, I could not have attempted what I have."

"Worry retards reaction and makes clear-cut decisions impossible."

Interesting facts about Amelia Earhart

Amelia called her sister Grace "Pidge" and her sister called her "Meely." They continued this through their adulthood.

Amelia once built a ramp off the top of a toolshed and said that she felt like she was flying.

Amelia dropped out of school to volunteer as a nurse for World War I soldiers.

She did not like coffee or tea but preferred hot chocolate.

Amelia was one of the first celebrities to create her own fashion line, a trend that is popular among celebrities today.

She encouraged other women to fly.

After Amelia disappeared, America spent $4 million looking for her.

There is another Amelia Earhart who became the youngest woman to fly around the world in a single-engine plane in 2014.

Questions kids ask about Amelia Earhart

How did Amelia Earhart die?
Since they never found her they couldn't say for certain, but two years after she went missing they said that her plane had probably crashed in the Pacific Ocean and she had drowned.

How old would Amelia Earhart be today?
Amelia would be 125 years old today.

Was Amelia Earhart's plane ever found?
No trace of her plane has ever been found. In 2019, the explorer who found the Titanic, Robert Ballard, went searching for the plane and he found no hint of it.

Where did Amelia Earhart disappear?
Amelia and her navigator disappeared somewhere over the Pacific Ocean.

What island did Amelia Earhart crash on?
Howland Island was the island in the central Pacific Ocean where they thought Amelia may have crashed. She was trying to locate the island when she disappeared.

Did Amelia Earhart have kids?
Amelia didn't have any children of her own but did have two step-children.

What were Amelia's last words?
Her last message was Amelia giving compass headings to the Coast Guard cutter Itasca that was near Howland Island that was helping her during her flight. "We are on the line 157 337. We will repeat this message. We will repeat this on 6210 kilocycles. Wait..."

Did Amelia Earhart survive the crash?
Amelia and her navigator, Fred Noonan may have survived a crash landing.

Images for kids

L-R: Neta Snook, Earhart's Kinner Airster and Amelia Earhart, c.  1921

Earhart walking with President Hoover in the grounds of the White House on January 2, 1932

Studio portrait of Amelia Earhart, c.  1932. Putnam specifically instructed Earhart to disguise a "gap-toothed" smile by keeping her mouth closed in formal photographs.

USCGC Itasca was at Howland Island to support the flight.

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Amelia Mary Earhart (born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator (pilot) to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and played a large part in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.

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When 10-year-old Amelia Mary Earhart saw her first plane at a state fair, she was not impressed. "It was a thing of rusty wire and wood and looked not at all interesting," she dismissively said. It wasn't until she attended a stunt-flying exhibition, almost a decade later, that she became seriously interested in aviation. A pilot spotted Earhart and her friend, who were watching from an isolated clearing, and dove at them. "I am sure he said to himself, 'Watch me make them scamper,'" she exclaimed. Earhart, who felt a mixture of fear and pleasure, stood her ground. As the plane swooped by, something inside her awakened. "I did not understand it at the time," she admitted, "but I believe that little red airplane said something to me as it swished by." On December 28, 1920, pilot Frank Hawks gave her a ride that would forever change her life. "By the time I had got two or three hundred feet off the ground, I knew I had to fly."

Although Earhart's convictions were strong, challenging, prejudicial, and financial obstacles awaited her, but the former tomboy was no stranger to disapproval or doubt. Defying conventional feminine behavior, a young Earhart climbed trees, "belly slammed" her sled to start it downhill, and hunted rats with a .22 rifle. She also kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields, including film direction and production, law, advertising, management, and mechanical engineering.

After graduating from Hyde Park High School in 1915, Earhart attended Ogontz, a girl's finishing school in the suburbs of Philadelphia. She left in the middle of her second year to work as a nurse's aide in a military hospital in Canada during WWI, attended college, and later became a social worker at Denison House, a settlement house in Boston. Earhart took her first flying lesson on January 3, 1921 and, in six months, managed to save enough money to buy her first plane. The second-hand Kinner Airster was a two-seater biplane painted bright yellow-Earhart named her newest obsession, "The Canary," and used it to set her first women's record by rising to an altitude of 14,000 feet.

One afternoon in April 1928, a phone call came for Earhart at work. "I'm too busy to answer just now," she said. After hearing that it was important, Earhart relented, though she thought it was a prank. It wasn't until the caller supplied excellent references that she realized the man was serious. "How would you like to be the first woman to fly the Atlantic?" he asked, to which Earhart promptly replied, "Yes!" After an interview in New York with the project coordinators, including book publisher and publicist George P. Putnam, she was asked to join pilot Wilmer "Bill" Stultz and co-pilot/mechanic Louis E. "Slim" Gordon. The team left Trepassey Harbor, Newfoundland, in a Fokker F7 named Friendship (on June 17, 1928), and arrived at Burry Port, Wales approximately 21 hours later. Their landmark flight made headlines worldwide because three pilots had died within the year trying to be that first women to fly across the Atlantic. When the crew returned to the United States, they were greeted with a ticker-tape parade in New York and a reception held by President Calvin Coolidge at the White House.

From then on, Earhart's life revolved around flying-to start, she placed third at the Cleveland Women's Air Derby, later nicknamed the "Powder Puff Derby" by Will Rogers. As fate would have it, George Putnam entered her life, too. The two developed a friendship during preparation for the Atlantic crossing and were married February 7th, 1931. Intent on retaining her independence, she referred to the marriage as a "partnership" with "dual control."

Together, they worked on secret plans for Earhart to become the first woman and the second person to fly solo the Atlantic. On May 20th, 1932, five years to the day after Lindbergh, she took off from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, to Paris. Strong north winds, icy conditions, and mechanical problems plagued the flight and forced her to land in a pasture near Londonderry, Ireland. "After scaring most of the cows in the neighborhood," she said, "I pulled up in a farmer's back yard." As word of her flight spread, the media surrounded her, both overseas and in the United States. President Herbert Hoover presented Earhart with a gold medal from the National Geographic Society. Congress awarded her the Distinguished Flying Cross-the first ever given to a woman. At the ceremony, Vice President Charles Curtis praised her courage, saying she displayed "heroic courage and skill as a navigator at the risk of her life." Earhart felt the flight proved that men and women were equal in "jobs requiring intelligence, coordination, speed, coolness, and willpower."

In the years that followed, Earhart continued to reach new heights, setting an altitude record for autogyros of 18,415 feet that stood for years. On January 11, 1935, she became the first person to fly solo across the Pacific from Honolulu to Oakland, California. Chilled during the 2,408-mile flight, she unpacked a thermos of hot chocolate. "Indeed," she murmured, "that was the most interesting cup of chocolate I have ever had, sitting up eight thousand feet over the middle of the Pacific Ocean quite alone." Later that year, she was the first to solo from Mexico City to Newark. A large crowd "overflowed the field" and rushed Earhart's plane. "I was rescued from my plane by husky policemen, one of whom, in the ensuing melee, took possession of my right arm and another of my left leg." The officers headed for a police car, but chose different routes. "The arm-holder started to go one way, while he who clasped my leg set out in the opposite direction. The result provided the victim with a fleeting taste of the tortures of the rack. But, at that," she said good-naturedly, "it was fine to be home again."

In 1937, as Earhart neared her 40th birthday, she was ready for a monumental, and final, challenge: she wanted to be the first woman to fly around the world. Despite a botched attempt in March that severely damaged her plane, a determined Earhart had the twin engine Lockheed Electra rebuilt. "I have a feeling that there is just about one more good flight left in my system, and I hope this trip is it," she said. On June 1st, Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, departed from Miami and began the 29,000-mile journey. By June 29th, when they landed in Lae, New Guinea, all but 7,000 miles had been completed. Frequently inaccurate maps had made navigation difficult for Noonan, and their next hop-to Howland Island-was by far the most challenging. Located 2,556 miles from Lae in the mid-Pacific, Howland Island is a mile and a half long and a half-mile wide. Every unessential item was removed from the plane to make room for additional fuel, which gave Earhart approximately 274 extra miles. The U.S. Coast Guard cutter ITASCA, their radio contact, was stationed just offshore of Howland Island. Two other U.S. ships, ordered to burn every light on board, were positioned along the flight route as markers. "Howland is such a small spot in the Pacific that every aid to locating it must be available," Earhart emphasized.

On July 2nd, At 10 a.m. local time, zero Greenwich time, the pair took off. Despite ideal weather reports, they flew into overcast skies and intermittent rain showers. This made Noonan's favored method of tracking, celestial navigation, difficult. As dawn neared, Earhart called the ITASCA, reporting "cloudy weather, cloudy." In later transmissions, Earhart asked the ITASCA to take bearings on her. The ITASCA sent her a steady stream of transmissions, but she could not hear them. Her radio transmissions, irregular through most of the flight, were faint or interrupted with static. At 7:42 a.m., the Itasca picked up the message, "We must be on you, but we cannot see you. Fuel is running low. Been unable to reach you by radio. We are flying at 1,000 feet." The ship tried to reply, but the plane seemed not to hear. At 8:45 a.m., Earhart reported, "We are running north and south." Nothing further was heard from her.

A rescue attempt immediately commenced and became the most extensive air and sea search in naval history. On July 19th, after spending $4 million and scouring 250,000 square miles of ocean, the United States government reluctantly called off the operation. In 1938, a lighthouse was constructed on Howland Island in her memory, and across the United States, streets, schools, and airports are named after Earhart. Her birthplace, Atchison, Kansas, became a virtual shrine to her memory. Amelia Earhart awards and scholarships are given out every year.

Despite many theories, though, no proof of Earhart's fate exists. There is no doubt, however, that the world will always remember Amelia Earhart for her courage, vision, and groundbreaking achievements, both in aviation and for women. In a letter to her husband, written in case a dangerous flight proved to be her last, her brave spirit was clear. "Please know I am quite aware of the hazards," she said. "I want to do it because I want to do it. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be but a challenge to others."

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Biography - The Official Licensing Website of Amelia Earhart

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When 10-year-old Amelia Mary Earhart saw her first plane at a state fair, she was not impressed. "It was a thing of rusty wire and wood and looked not at all interesting," she dismissively said. It wasn't until she attended a stunt-flying exhibition, almost a decade later, that she became seriously interested in aviation.

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Amelia Earhart may be best-known for her numerous aviation records, but it is Amelia's legacy of unfaltering determination and her can-do attitude for equal treatment of women that lives on.

She was born in 1897, but Amelia didn't board a plane until 1920. Then, when the pilot flew her just a couple hundred feet in the air, Amelia knew she had to fly. In 1923, Amelia became the sixteenth woman to receive a pilot's license.

On June 17, 1928, she departed from Newfoundland with pilots Wilmer "Bill" Stultz and Louis E. "Slim" Gordon. When her team landed in Wales 21 hours later, she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic, a record that was just one of many. Later, the pilot became the first woman and the second person to fly solo across the Atlantic. She also became the first person to fly solo across the Pacific. Then, shortly after her flight across the Pacific, Amelia became the first to fly solo from Mexico City to Newark.

On June 1, 1937, Earhart left Miami for her final flight. She hoped to become the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. Sadly, Amelia would never complete this flight. On July 2, her radio lost contact and a rescue attempt began immediately. Although it became the most extensive air and sea search in naval history, Amelia was never found. In a letter to her husband, Amelia wrote, "Please know I am quite aware of the hazards." She said, "I want to do it because I want to do it. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be but a challenge to others."

We celebrate Amelia Earhart to not only honor her life and career, but also Amelia's courage and strength.

Here are 10 facts you may not know about this famous aviator:

1. Amelia Earhart was born in Atchison, Kansas on July 24, 1897.

2. Amelia saw her first plane at a state fair when she was 10 years old.

3. During World War I, Amelia became a nurse's aid in Toronto, Canada, to tend to wounded soldiers.

4. On December 28, 1920, pilot Frank Hawks gave Amelia her first ride in an airplane.

5. Amelia took her first flying lesson on January 3, 1921.

6. Amelia's first plane was a bright yellow Kinner Airster that she nicknamed, "The Canary."

7. While living in Boston, Amelia wrote articles promoting flying in the local newspaper.

8. In 1932, Amelia developed flying clothes for the Ninety-Nines that were advertised in Vogue.

9. Although she referred to herself as "AE", Amelia became known as "Lady Lindy" after her first flight across the Atlantic.

10. During her 2,408-mile flight to become the first person to fly solo across the Pacific, Amelia enjoyed a cup of hot chocolate.

...plus more fun facts!

11. Amelia didn't like wearing goggles while flying. Learn more about her goggles found in The Children's Museum's permanent collection.
12. Amelia also didn't like coffee or tea. Learn more about how she stayed awake while flying.

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Amelia Earhart may be best-known for her numerous aviation records, but it is Amelia's legacy of unfaltering determination and her can-do attitude for equal treatment of women that lives on. She was born in 1897, but Amelia didn't board a plane until 1920.

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Henry Ford was an American industrialist and inventor who formulated the assembly-line methods for automobile manufacturing, which led to faster production at lower costs.

One of the most popular figures in history, Ford inspired the Industrial Revolution in the United States and worldwide.

Early Life and Education:

Born on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan on 30 July in 1863, Henry Ford was the eldest son of six children born to William and Mary Ford. His father owned a prosperous farm. Henry was educated at the local one-room school for eight years where he demonstrated an early interest in mechanical objects. His father gave him a pocket watch when he was fifteen. Even at such a young age, Henry reassembled it and gained the reputation as a watch repairman. Spending his spare time in a small machine shop, Henry constructed his first steam engine in 1878. When his mother died in 1876, he refused to take over the family farm deciding that he did not want to be a farmer.

Contributions and Achievements:

Henry became an apprentice machinist in 1879, working in Detroit for three years. He then returned to the family farm in 1882 and worked for the Westinghouse Company as a steam engine repairman.

In 1888 he married Clara Bryant, who had grown up on a nearby farm and they had one son Edsel, born in 1893.

Ford returned to Detroit in 1891, taking a position as night engineer for the Edison Electric Illuminating Company. By 1896 he was their chief engineer.

By this time Ford's interest had turned to self-propelled vehicles and he built a "Quadricycle", which comprised of a light metal buggy frame mounted on four bicycle wheels and was powered by a two-cylinder, four-horsepower gasoline engine. The fuel tank was under the seat and a tiller was used for steering. He sold the vehicle for $200 so enabling him to finance further projects.

Ford and his partner, coal dealer Alexander Malcomson, founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903, and the company manufactured "practical automobiles". Ford was president of the company from 1906 to 1919, resuming this position from 1943 to 1945.

He became the vice president of the Society of Automotive Engineers when it was established in 1905. The institute was formed to systematize automotive parts in the United States.

In 1908, the company introduced its famous Model T vehicle, priced at just $825. Within months demand became so high that production could not keep up with demand. They appealed not only because of the price; they were also simple to drive and cheap and easy to repair.

Henry Ford famously said

Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black

Ford changed the way automobiles were designed and built, bringing in the first assembly-line factories for the mass production of vehicles in 1913. This later led to lower prices, and therefore caused a storm in automobile ownership throughout the United States and abroad. By 1918 almost half of all American cars were Model T's.

A strong believer in a living wage, the Ford Motor Company announced a $5 per hour pay rate for its factory staff in 1914, more than double the going rate of other automobile companies. Later, in 1926 the working week was reduced from forty-eight to forty hours.

By 1919 Henry and his son, Edsel had bought back the minority shareholders, and they became the sole owners of the company. Edsel Ford succeeded his father as President that year and remained in the role until his death from stomach cancer in 1943.

In 1927 the Ford River Rouge factory complex began full-scale automobile production. Completely finished vehicles were built using raw materials brought in through a supply chain owned and controlled entirely by the Ford Motor Company. Ford was overheard telling one of his managers when the Rouge was nearing completion, he "wanted the raw materials coming in on one end of the Rouge plant and the finished cars going out the other end."

Later Life and Death:

Ford's interests included auto racing and metallurgy. He owned a large holiday home and surrounding land in Richmond Hill, Georgia. He was also a controversial figure with strong opinions. His autobiography, "My Life and Work" written in conjunction with Samuel Crowther, was published in 1922.

Henry Ford suffered a stroke and went into retirement in 1945. He was succeeded by his grandson, Henry Ford II. The American Petroleum Institute awarded him its first Gold Medal for outstanding contributions to the welfare of humanity the same year. Henry Ford died from of a cerebral hemorrhage two years later on 7 April in 1947. He was buried in the Ford Cemetery in Detroit. He was 83 years old.

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Henry Ford was an American industrialist and inventor who formulated the assembly-line methods for automobile manufacturing, which led to faster production at lower costs. One of the most popular figures in history, Ford inspired the Industrial Revolution in the United States and worldwide.

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Fresberg Cartoon – Learning & History for Students

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Henry Ford (Biography for Children) Famous Inventors (Cartoons for Children)

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Henry Ford was an industrialist who revolutionized assembly line production for the automobile, making the Model T one of America’s greatest inventions.

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Legendary National Geographic Explorer-In-Residence Sylvia Earle has spent more than 60 years exploring, protecting, and researching the world's oceans. With more than a hundred expeditions under her belt and over 7,000 hours logged underwater, she has been a pioneer of deep ocean exploration for decades.

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Who was Henry Ford? Everything You Need to Know

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Henry Ford was the founder of the Ford Motors Company, had brought a revolution in the automobile industry. This biography of Henry Ford provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline.

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Henry Ford was born on a farm near Detroit, Michigan. He never really enjoyed farming and left the farm at age sixteen, three years after his mother died.

As a child he was fascinated by machines. He always carried around in his pockets nuts and bolts and machinery parts. By the time he was thirteen he could put together a watch that kept time. This interest in machines led him to work for a while as an apprentice machinist, and later he went to work for Westinghouse servicing their steam engines.

Clara Bryant became his wife in 1888. He returned to the farm, built a house, and ran a sawmill. They had one child, a son they named Edsel.

When Henry was twenty-eight he became an engineer at Edison Company which made electrical generating stations. He was made chief engineer two years later and advanced to a salary of $125 a month.

The first car he made was a "gasoline buggy" called the Quadricycle. He drove it around for two years, and it drew a crowd everywhere he went.

In 1903 he built two race cars to advertise the automobile. One he named the "999" and the other the "Arrow". He hired Barney Oldfield, a professional bicycle rider and race car driver to race for him. In 1904 Ford himself driving the Ford Arrow set a new land speed record in his car - over 91 miles per hour! The event took place on the frozen ice of Lake St. Clair.

When he was forty years old Ford and eleven investors formed the Ford Motor Company. They had a $28,000 investment in it.

The Model T Ford was introduced on October 1, 1908. Some called it the "Tin Lizzie" and the "Flivver". The cost of the touring car: $950. Five years later he started using an assembly line and could produce cars faster and cheaper until the price of the touring car fell to $360. Assembly lines had been used before, but he was the first to use conveyor belts to move the parts where they needed them.

The 1912 Model T Ford touring car included such extras as oil lamps, horn, speedometer, and tools.

Henry Ford's motto was"simplicity". By simplifying the process of making cars, he was able to make the car affordable to the common worker in America. Of course, this simplification resulted in only one color choice. He wrote, "A customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants - so long as it is black."

In his book he contrasts the making of axe handles by hand and machine to show how mechanization reduced the cost of his car.

Ford hired handicapped workers. He studied the jobs and the requirements and put each man in a place where he could do the job and make a living for his family.

Sales lagged in the 1920's as other car makers offered more options and financing. He and his son Edsel designed a new car, the Model A.

Ford was a firm believer in the idea that the able-bodied should work. He thought as an employer his job was to serve others. He paid his workers $5 a day. This was nearly twice as much as most employers paid their employees. He felt there was something sacred about wages and what they represent.

He instituted the 40 hour week with men working eight hours a day, five days a week. He had a code of conduct for his employees which forbade heavy drinking and gambling.

His company also made airplanes for a few years. One, a twelve passenger plane, was called the "Tin Goose". He produced tractors to help the farmer to farm more efficiently.

Ford developed an interest in plastics made from soybeans. He worked with George Washington Carver on the research. He even made a plastic car that could withstand heavy blows even better than steel. However, it was never successful.

Ford had a heart attack in 1938 and turned the running of the company over to his son, but Edsel died five years later, and Ford had to again assume leadership. He stayed in that position for two years, but due to his ill health, he made his grandson Henry Ford II president of the company in 1945.

Henry Ford died at the age of 83 of a cerebralhemorrhage. He was one of many people who helped to make America great. At the end of his book he describes his vision of a great country in which the resources of a country and the skills of its people are developed so that all have a fair share.

Many of the facts in this story were taken from the book, ( My Life and Work by Henry Ford and Samuel Crowther)
(Make the text larger by with "View - Text size" and enlarge twice)

The following article, "HENRY FORD ON HIS PLANS AND HIS PHILOSOPHY", appeared in the Literary Digest January 7, 1928.
The pictures will take you to pages where you can enlarge the picture twice and read the article.

(Webmaster note: We do not agree with his philosophy, but the article gives insight into the man.)

This biography by Patsy Stevens, a retired teacher, was written in 2007.

View a slideshow about Henry Ford

Play an Online Game at Quia

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From Word Central's Student Dictionary
by Merriam - Webster
(Pronunciation note: the schwa sound is shown by ə)

Pronunciation: in-'dəs-trE-ə-'ləst
Function: noun
an owner or manager of an industry : MANUFACTURER

Pronunciation: kən-'vA-ər
Function: noun
a mechanical device for carrying packages or bulk material
from place to place (as by an endless moving belt)

Pronunciation: sim-'plis-ət-E
Function: noun
the quality or state of being simple

Pronunciation: 'mek-ə-'nIz
Function: verb
1 : to make mechanical; especially : to make automatic
2 a : to equip with machinery especially to replace human or animal labor

Pronunciation: sə-'rE-brəl, 'ser-ə-
Function: adjective
of or relating to the brain

Pronunciation: 'hem-(ə-)rij
Function: noun
a great loss of blood from the blood vessels especially when caused by injury

Function: adjective
having a physical or mental disability

The Life of Henry Ford
at Henry Ford.org

Henry Ford Changes the World, 1908
Eye Witness to History.com

Henry Ford
information at Wikipedia

Henry Ford
biography with audio version (part 1)

Henry Ford
biography with audio version (part 2)

The Life of Henry Ford

Henry Ford Lesson Plan
Lesson Snips.com
(You must register to access lessons.)

Henry Ford
at Idea Finder.com, timeline, many resources

Henry Ford
excerpt from a book published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The first moving assembly line
from PBS

History of the Automobile
Wikipedia

Classic Car History
learn about the assembly line

At biography.com search for Henry Ford.
Scroll the panel for the "Video & Audio Results"

Press "Go" to search for books about Henry Ford

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Order the following books from Amazon.

The Truth About Henry Ford
by Sarah T. Bushnell (public domain, written in 1922 - full view)

Henry Ford (easy biography)
by Lola M. Schaefer, Gail Saunders-Smith (selected pages) Order here

Using Biographies in the Classroom
by Garth Sundem, Shell Education, See Sample pages
Order here

Henry Ford and the Automobile Industry
by Lewis K. Parker (selected pages) Order here

We'll Race You, Henry: A Story About Henry Ford
by Barbara Mitchell (selected pages)

Henry Ford, People We Should Know - Weekly Reader
by Jonatha A. Brown (selected pages)

Henry Ford: A Photo-illustrated Biography
by Erika L. Shores (selected pages)

Henry Ford, History Maker Bios
by Jeffrey Zuehlke (selected pages)

Henry Ford: Young Man With Ideas
by Hazel B. Aird, Catherine Ruddiman (selected pages)

Henry Ford and the Model T
by Michael O'Hearn (selected pages)

Henry Ford and the Model T Car
by Monica L. Rausch (selected pages)

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Henry Ford was born on a farm near Detroit, Michigan. He never really enjoyed farming and left the farm at age sixteen, three years after his mother died. As a child he was fascinated by machines. He always carried around in his pockets nuts and bolts and machinery parts.

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instant access to thousands of great kids books.

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Kids learn about the biography of Marie Curie, woman scientist who worked on radioactivity and won two Nobel prizes for science.

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Marie Sklodowska, later called Marie Curie, was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. Both of her parents were teachers, and they didn't have very much money when she was growing up.

But Marie was very smart, and she wanted to study science from an early age. Let's explore some fun facts about her!

Marie Curie started out as a teacher, but she loved reading about science and was hoping to save enough money to go to university.

When she was 24, she and her sister had saved enough money to move to Paris, which allowed her to enroll in Sorbonne University.

She began studying mathematics and physics, and worked with a lot of other famous scientists at the university. At age 28, she married Pierre Curie, a professor in the Sorbonne physics department.

Scientific Discovery

Marie and Pierre Curie started working on their scientific research together in the School of Chemistry and Physics in Paris.

They studied invisible rays that could come from the element uranium, and saw that the rays could pass through solid materials.

Later, Marie Curie called these invisible rays " radioactivity."

She and Pierre realized in their research that there might be an element other than uranium that had even stronger radioactivity, so they decided to keep looking for it.

Eventually, this search found something amazing. Marie and Pierre Curie discovered a brand new element that had never been found before.

She called it Polonium, named after her home country Poland.

Then, the discovery of Polonium helped them also find a second brand new element, which they called Radium.

The discovery of both of these new elements earned Marie and Pierre Curie the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics.

This Nobel Prize was a big deal because Marie Curie had just become the very first female Nobel Prize winner. Also in that same year, Marie Curie officially earned her Doctorate in physics.

Sadly, Pierre passed away three years later, and Marie Curie continued his teaching career, making her the first female professor at Sorbonne University at age 39.

At age 44, she earned her second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in the field of chemistry, making her the first (and still only) woman to win a Nobel Prize in two different fields.

Scientific work by Marie and Pierre Curie was a huge help for modern science and medicine.

Because of them, x-rays became available for use in diagnosing and treating medical problems, including everything from broken bones to cancer.

Amazingly, Marie Curie herself helped with medical aid during World War One; she made sure that ambulances contained the necessary x-rays, even driving them to the battlefields herself.

These acts earned her the place as head of radiology for the International Red Cross.

Later Years

She became so famous for her amazing work that she was invited to go on tours around the world to talk about her scientific discoveries.

Her work became the basis of many other important scientific discoveries later on, as well.

Marie Curie passed away in July 1934 from leukemia, an unfortunate side effect of her continued radiation exposure.

She is buried in the Pantheon, a mausoleum in Paris reserved for highly respected citizens. She was the first woman to earn this honor.
Famous Scientists.

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Marie Sklodowska, later called Marie Curie, was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. Both of her parents were teachers, and they didn't have very much money when she was growing up. But Marie was very smart, and she wanted to study science from an early age. Let's explore some fun facts about her!

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Ever since she was knocked over by a wave as a little girl, oceanographer Dr. Sylvia Earle has been fascinated by the ocean. One of the world's best known marine scientists and a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence, Earle loves to dive deep into the ocean.

She has spent much of her life in or under the waves. Now in her effort to save the oceans, she wants to make it uncool to eat a tuna fish sandwich and to understand the impact that humans have on the ocean each time we eat seafood or use pesticide on the garden bugs.

"Going under water...Saving the ocean...Being a fish...Or imagine being an eel and with no arms or legs and just slithery body, slide around, and then tuck back in a burrow with just your face sticking out....I would love to slip into the skin of a fish and know what it's like to be one. They have senses that I can only dream about. They have a lateral line down their whole body that senses motion, but maybe it does more than that. Or to be a blue whale, the biggest animal on Earth and to sense sound that has traveled over hundreds, maybe thousands of miles, and to have it as a part of my life. I daydream about that, doesn't everybody?"

JOB: Oceanographer and National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence

WHAT SHE DOES: Dives and studies the ocean and marine animals.

GREW UP IN: New Jersey and Florida

HERO: When I was young my parents were my heroes. Now all the National Geographic Explorers are my heroes.

TRAVEL GEAR: A camera because taking photographs helps me to remember and to document, and a bathing suit.

FAVORITE PLACE TO EXPLORE: Always the next place I go to.

BEST ADVICE: Don't take no for an answer and find out what you want to do and then find a way to make it happen. You can spend many lifetimes fulfilling the dreams of others. But if you have a dream of your own, don't wait.

HOW KIDS CAN HELP: Go see the ocean for yourself and use your talents whatever they are to make a difference for yourself and for the natural world, because it all ties together. We need to make it uncool to eat tuna, or swordfish, or grouper, or snapper, or other ocean wildlife. Everyone can make a difference just by changing what they eat.

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Ever since she was knocked over by a wave as a little girl, oceanographer Dr. Sylvia Earle has been fascinated by the ocean. One of the world's best known marine scientists and a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence, Earle loves to dive deep into the ocean. She has spent much of her life in or under the waves.

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"Knowing is the key to caring, and with caring there is hope that people will be motivated to take positive action."
Born in 1935 in New Jersey, Sylvia Earle is a marine biologist, lecturer, author, and explorer. She was the first woman to become chief scientist at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. She's been a National Geographic explorer in residence since 1998.
Fun Facts

Sylvia's parents loved nature and encouraged their daughter to explore and learn about it. Sylvia loved spending time in the fields and woods near her home.

Later the family moved to western Florida. Sylvia was sad to leave the New Jersey farms. She soon discovered a whole new world of nature to explore in the Florida coastline. The ocean became her passion.

She studied science at Florida State University, and later earned masters and doctorate degrees at Duke University.

Earle was a research fellow at Harvard University. In 1969, she led an all-female team of marine scientists on a project called Tektite 2. They spent several weeks submerged in the ocean studying marine life.

In 1982, she and her husband, Graham Hawkes, founded Deep Ocean Engineering, which made equipment for deep sea exploration. They developed the Deep Rover, a research submarine capable of going to depths of 3,300 feet.

In recent years, Earle has worked tirelessly to alert others of the dangers of oil spills and the need to protect our oceans. She has won numerous awards for her work, including the Rachel Carson award.

Questions and Answers
Question: Is Sylvia Earle retired?

Answer: No. Now in her 80s, Sylvia still actively works on her Mission Blue project, which is devoted to protecting the ocean. Earlier in her career, she set the world record for deepest woman's dive. She still dives regularly.
Learn More
Watch a video featuring Sylvia Earle.

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"Knowing is the key to caring, and with caring there is hope that people will be motivated to take positive action." Born in 1935 in New Jersey, Sylvia Earle is a marine biologist, lecturer, author, and explorer. She was the first woman to become chief scientist at the U.S.

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Women in Science | National Geographic https://youtu.be/kUqIrVWilmg National Geographic https://www.youtube.com/natgeo Sylvia Earle & Simran

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In Her Words: Sylvia Earle on Women in Science | National Geographic

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Read the article on National Geographic News : http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2013/06/14/in-her-words-sylvia-earle-on-women-in-science/ ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.

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Beulah Louise Henry

Self-taught Inventor and Entrepreneur
Born: 9-28-1887 Raleigh, North Carolina

Beulah Henry was a prolific inventor with 49 U.S. patents and over 100 inventions credited to her name. She received her first patent at the age of 25 for a vacuum-sealed ice cream freezer. Her numerous inventions included improvements to sewing machines, typewriters, cash registers, umbrellas, dolls, and toys. Henry founded two companies of her own and served as a consultant to many more.

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United States Patent and Trademark Office

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Beulah Louise Henry Self-taught Inventor and Entrepreneur Born: 9-28-1887 Raleigh, North Carolina Beulah Henry was a prolific inventor with 49 U.S. patents and over 100 inventions credited to her name. She received her first patent at the age of 25 for a vacuum-sealed ice cream freezer.

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Beulah Louise Henry (1887-1973) registered 49 patents and is credited with at least 110 inventions. She was always tinkering to improve things she could use.

She moved to New York in 1924 and founded two companies where she created some of her inventions; later she worked for the Nicholas Machine Works (1939-55). She also served as a consultant to several companies that manufactured new items, including a linotype company and the International Doll Company. She seemed to live only in hotels; she joined several scientific organizations.

Many Inventions to Her Name

Her inventions include:

Vacuum ice cream freezer (1912)

Umbrella with covers that can be changed to coordinate with one's outfit (1924)

"Dolly Dips," soap-filled sponges for children (1929)

"Miss Illusion," doll with eyes that could change color and close (1935)

A "protograph" a typewriter accessory that could make four copies of a document (1932)

A bobbin-less sewing machine (1940)

Linked envelopes to simplify mass mailings (1952)

She was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.

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Inventor Beulah Louise Henry: Known as "Lady Edison" - America Comes Alive

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Beulah Louise Henry (1887-1973) registered 49 patents and is credited with at least 110 inventions. She was always tinkering to improve things she could use. She moved to New York in 1924 and founded two companies where she created some of her inventions; later she worked for the Nicholas Machine Works (1939-55).