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Khoirunnisa Mustika.S/26/XB

Monas Monument was designed by Friedrich Silaban and RM Soedarsono and began its construction on August 17th, 1961 under the command of President Sukarno, and was inaugurated and opened to the public on July 12th, 1975 by President Soeharto. Monas Monument development consisted of three phases. The first phase took place between the years 1961/1962 - 1964/1965, which at that time President Soekarno inaugurated symbolically by putting the development of the first concrete peg. The second phase took place between 1966 until 1968. This two-phase constructions were delayed due to the rebellion of Movement 30 September 1965. And finally the last stage has been carried out around 1969 to 1976.

The shape of the monument with Lingga and Yoni concept symbolizes fertility and harmonious unity and complementarity. Towering monument portrayed as Lingga symbolizes the male element and daytime, while the cup-shaped court described as Yoni symbolizes the female element and evening. But the form of Monas can also be interpreted as a pair of Alu and Lesung the traditional rice pestle depicting Indonesian culture.

The interesting about this monument is the fourteen metres flames-shaped peak covered with gold sheets weighing 50 kg which symbolizes the spirit of the struggle of the Indonesian people which was always burning, where as much as 28 kilograms of gold in the flame was a donation from Teuku Markam, a businessman from Aceh who had become one of the richest men in Indonesia.

While on the outside of the monument there is a page that describes the relief of Indonesian history. At the base of the building also contained an Indonesian National History Museum that can accommodate about 500 people. This monument is located right at the center of Medan Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta, you can visit every day from 08.00 am - 03.00 pm. But for the last Monday of each month, this monument is closed to for public.

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history of batik museum

The 40 square meter museum is very simple and only exhibits 60 batik collections that are arranged as-is. As a result of these conditions, some batik collections are known to disappear. Therefore in 1990 the museum was moved to the new Pekalongan City Government office area on Jalan Majapahit no. 7A by H. Djoko Prawoto, 11th Mayor of Pekalongan. Batik activities that are growing rapidly and globally have led to the desire to create a batik museum that is more representative and adequate to collect everything related to batik. Now the history of the Indonesian Bank Museum, the history of Surabaya's Loka Jala Crana Museum, the history of Lampung Museum and the history of the Biology Museum. Establishment of the Pekalongan Batik Museum The history of the new Pekalongan batik museum begins with the establishment of a meeting of the People's Pekalongan Business Forum (OPEK) on December 29, 2005 in Jakarta. At the forum, it was proposed whether the city of Pekalongan was willing to become the location of the 59th National Cooperative Day Commemoration Day in July 2006 to be attended by the President of the Republic of Indonesia, which was endorsed by the Mayor of Pekalongan. The chairman of the Indonesian KADIN foundation, Iman Sucipto Umar then consulted various Ministries such as Trade, Culture and Tourism, Bappenas to support batik museum funding, also discussed the batik museum management agency with the Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare. In the end it was approved by the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry to oversee the batik museum. On May 23, 2006 in the history of the Pekalongan Batik Museum, an MoU was signed between the Indonesian Kadin Foundation and the Pekalongan City Government. After passing through a thorough study and various coordination, the Batik Museum Institute was formed which involved Pekalongan City Government, Kadin Indonesia Foundation, Indonesian Batik Foundation, Blessing Society, Pekalongan City Kadinda Foundation, Paguyuban

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Nama : Febriana Ayu Maharani
No abs : 17
Kelas : XB

~HISTORY OF PARANGTRITIS BEACH~
Parangtritis Beach is a beach tourism object that is very well known among the other beaches which are scattered in the Yogyakarta region

Parangtritis according to legend in the era of the Majapahit Kingdom, there was an escapee from the Kingdom named Dipokusumo who was doing meditation. While doing meditation, he saw water dripping (tumaritis) coming from crevices of rock (machetes). Then Dipokusumo gave the name of the area Parangtritis which means water that dripped from the rock.

This beach is believed by the local community as a manifestation of the unity of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta Palace and Parangtritis itself. So that people always connect whenever there is a natural phenomenon that is happening between these three places.

Parangtritis has a unique view that is not found in other tourist objects, namely beaches that have large waves and the presence of sand mountains in the beach area, which is called dune. In the dry season the wind will usually blow faster and the waves will be able to reach heights of 2-3 meters. Because of the large waves, visitors to Parangtritis Beach are prohibited from swimming around the beach, for this reason, public bathing facilities are provided that can be used for visitors who want to swim safely and comfortably. There is a unique bath located not far from the Parangtritis Beach area, the Parang Wedang Bath.

Parangtritis Beach is the most popular beach located in Parangtritis Village, Kretek District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. This beach is located about 25 km south of the city of Yogyakarta.

About 27 km south of Yogyakarta, you can choose 2 paths to get to this location. The first is the Yogyakarta - Jl. Parangtritis - Kretek - Parangtritis. The second path is from Yogyakarta - Imogiri - Parangtritis. The second path is further away but on the way you will get an interesting natural scenery is better than using the first path. Along the way you will see verdant rice fields, winding hills and if you visit the Tomb of the King in Imogiri, you will find something interesting in Imogiri.

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Aisyah Hanifa C.P/06/XB
Lapindo mud is one of the tourist attractions in East Java Sidoarjo. Lapindo mud history begins with Lapindo Brantas Inc. is a company that in 2006 received permission from BPMIGAS to conduct drilling in the Brantas block area. Precisely at the location that is the point of thecurrent mud pile. Lapindo is also one of the subsidiaries of PT Energi Mega Persada Tbk., A company engaged in the energy sector owned by PT Bakrie & Brothers Tbk.
On May 29, 2006, hot mud mixed with gas erupted from the Banjarpanji 1 well, Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java. The mudflow continued to expand and expanded for several months to submerged residential,agricultural and industrial areas in three sub-districts (Porong, Tanggulangin and Jabon. Four villages in 400 hectares of land) were directly affected by the hot mudflow. This mud is part of the Brantas Block gas exploration drilling activity.As its involvement as the company responsible for the disaster, Lapindo Brantas Inc. left a bad label in the community.
This company became the target of the community, whose name was later coined as the name of the event. In fact, since 2009, the House ofRepresentatives has decided the event as a natural disaster, so that nothing can be snared by the law including the company.A few years after the incident, differences arose for terminology in a number of media. Most media and the public call it the 'Lapindo Mudflow'. However, there are also some who call it by the name 'Porong Mudflow', there is also 'Sidoarjo Mudflow'

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Hana Salsabila /XB /21

Kawah Putih is tourist spot in West Java located in the village of Alam Endah Rancabali District, Bandung Regency, West Java, located at the foot of mount Patuha. White crater is a lake formed bye the eruption of Mount Patuha. The soil mixed with sulfur around the crater is white. The color of the water in the crater is greenish white. What’s unique about this crater is that the water sometimes changes color. White Crater Lake itself is located at an altitude of 2194 m but the total area of White Crater Lake is 25 ha which is used for 5 ha tourism and the location of the crater itself is 3 ha.

The story of White Crater is known to begin in the 10th century. In the past, an enormous eruption of Mount Patuha occurred. After the eruption there was a strange incident where a group of birds flying through the White Crater was found dead. This is the reason that at the time the local population assumed that the area was haunted. News of the awesomeness of Mount Patuha reached the ears of a Dutch scholar. Dr.Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn. Dr.Junghuhn was living in the Priangan land area to develop quinine. Dr.Junghuhn’s skepticism led him and some loca residents in 1837 to fight the myth that made people reluctant to climb Mount Patuha. He found a reasen why birds were rectulant to cross Mount Patuha.

The crater located at the top of mountain emits a scent of sulfur that stings so that animals avoid it. After the discovery, a sulfur factory called Zwavel Ontgining Kawah Putih was built on the site. The factory was built during the Dutch colonial period. When Indonesia was colonized by Japan, the factory was still managed and changed its name to Kawah Putih Kenzaka Gokoya Ciwiday. Although its existence has bee known for a very long time, Indonesia people only made this place as a tourist location in 1987. At the time, the New Order Government through PT perhutani Unit III of West Java and Banten made the White Crater as a tourist location.

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The Siak Sri Indrapura palace
By : Aulia Belva Clarissa
The Sri Indrapura Siak Kingdom was founded in 1723 AD by Raja Kecik who was titled Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Syah the son of Raja Johor (Sultan Mahmud Syah) with his wife Encik Pong, with the kingdom's center in Buantan. It is said that the name Siak comes from the name of a type of plant that is the Siak which is widely found there. Before the Siak kingdom was established, the Siak area was under the control of Johor. The one who ruled and supervised this area was the king who was appointed and appointed by the Sultan of Johor. But for almost 100 years this region has not ruled. This area is overseen by Syahbandar who is appointed to collect excise on forest products and marine products.At the beginning of 1699 the Sultan of the Kingdom of Johor had the title Sultan Mahmud Syah II, and was killed by Magat Sri Rama, his wife, Encik Pong, who was pregnant at that time, was rushed to Singapore, then to Jambi. During the trip, Raja Kecik was born and later raised in the Kingdom of Pagaruyung in Minangkabau. Meanwhile the leadership of the Kingdom of Johor was occupied by Datuk Bendahara tun Habib who was titled Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Syah.
After Raja Kecik was mature, in 1717 Raja Kecik succeeded in seizing the throne of Johor. But in 1722 the kingdom of Johor was recaptured by Tengku Sulaiman in-law of Raja Kecik who was the son of Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Syah. In capturing the Kingdom of Johor, Tengku Sulaiman was assisted by several Bugis aristocrats. There was a civil war which resulted in considerable losses on both sides, so finally each party resigned. Johor resigned to Pahang, and Raja Kecik withdrew to Bintan and subsequently established a new country on the edge of the Buantan River (a subsidiary of the Siak River). Thus began the founding of the kingdom of Siak in Buantan. However, the center of the Siak Kingdom did not settle in Buantan.The center of the kingdom then always moved from the city of Buantan to move to Mempura, move then to the Senapelan Pekanbaru and back again to Mempura. During the reign of Sultan Ismail with Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Ismail Jalil Jalaluddin (1827-1864) the center of the Kingdom of Siak was moved to the town of Siak Sri Indrapura and finally settled there until finally the reign of Sultan Siak was last.During the 11th Sultan, Sultan Assayaidis Syarief Hasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin who ruled in 1889-1908, a magnificent palace was built in the city of Siak and the palace was given the name Asseraiyah Hasyimiah Palace which was built in 1889. During the reign of Sultan Syarif Hasyim Siak is making progress, especially in the economic field. And at that time he also had the opportunity to visit Europe, namely Germany and the Netherlands.
After his death, he was succeeded by his young son and was studying in Batavia, namely Tengku Sulung Syarif Kasim and only in 1915 he was installed as the 12th Sultan of Siak with the title Assayaidis Syarif Kasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin and most recently known as Sultan Syarif Kasim Tsani (Sultan Syarif Kasim II). Along with the proclamation of the Independence of the Republic of Indonesia, he also raised the red and white flag at the Siak Palace and shortly afterwards he went to Java to meet Bung Karno and declared to join the Republic of Indonesia while handing over the Royal Crown and a sum of Ten Thousand Gulden. And since then he left Siak and settled in Jakarta. New in 1960 returned to Siak and died in Rumbai in 1968.He did not leave offspring from either the First Empress Tengku Agung or from the Second Empress Tengku Maharatu. In 1997 Sultan Syarif Kasim II received the Honorary Honorary Title as a National Hero of the Republic of Indonesia. Sultan Syarif Kasim II's grave is located in the center of Siak City Sri Indrapura precisely next to the Sultan Mosque, the Syahabuddin Mosque.At the beginning of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, this Siak Regency is the Siak District Authority under Bengkalis Regency which later changed its status to Siak District. It was only in 1999 that it became the Siak Regency with its capital Siak Sri Indrapura based on Law No. 53 of 1999.

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Hanifa Yola I / 22/ XB

Lawang Sewu was built on February 27, 1904 which was formerly named Het hoofdkantor van de Nederlands-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS Head Office). Initially office administration activities in Semarang were carried out at Semarang Gudang Station or Samarang NIS, but with the rapid development of the railroad network, it resulted in an increase in technical personnel and administrative staff who were not in line with the development of office administration.

In the end the NIS office at Samarang NIS station was no longer sufficient to accommodate the personnel. NIS’s various solutions include leasing several buildings owned by individuals with the intention of being a temporary solution that is actually inefficient. Plus the location of Samarang NIS station which is near the swamp so that sanitation and health matters are very important considerations. So from that, another alternative is proposed by building an administrative office in a new location. The choice fell on the land which at that time was on the edge of the city close to the Resident’s residence. It is located at the end of the Bodjongweg Semarang which is now called Jalan Pemuda, at the corner of the meeting of Bodjongweg and Samarang naar Kendalweg or the highway to Kendal.The design of the NIS head office building in Semarang was entrusted to Prof. Jacob F. Klinkhamer (TH Delft) and B.J. Quendag by NIS, 2 architects who are domiciled in Amsterdam. The design process was all carried out in the Netherlands, then after finishing the pictures were taken to Semarang City.

After being left by the NIS, this building was often functioned by the Dutch and Japanese colonizers as a prison. Some rooms in this building were even transformed into torture detention rooms namely Squat Prison, Standing Prison and Torture Room. After the Proclamation of Independence, Lawang Sewu became an eyewitness during the Five Day Battle in Semarang (October 14 - October 19, 1945) between AMKA youths or the Railway Youth Force against Kempetai and Kidobutai from the Japanese army.

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The java war
(Nabila Hanin Nuha/30/XB)
The Java War or Diponegoro War was fought in central Java from 1825 to 1830, between the colonial Dutch Empire and native Javanese rebels. It started as a rebellion led by Prince Diponegoro, a leading member of the Javanese aristocracy who had previously cooperated with the Dutch.

The rebel forces were held up by a siege at Yogyakarta, preventing them from gaining a quick victory. This allowed the Dutch to raise and ship in new troops. The rebels adopted guerilla tactics and held out against Dutch forces for several years.

The proximate cause was the Dutch decision to build a road across a piece of Diponegoro's property that contained his parents' tomb. Amongst other causes was a sense of resentment felt by members of the Javanese aristocratic families at Dutch measures intended to restrict the renting out of land at high prices. Finally the succession of the throne in Yogyakarta was disputed: Diponegoro was the oldest son of Hamengkubuwono III, but as his mother was not the queen he was not considered to have the right to succeed his father. Diponegoro's rival to the throne, his younger half brother, Hamengkubuwono IV, and then his infant nephew Hamengkubuwono V, was supported by the Dutch.The rebellion finally ended in 1830, after Prince Diponegoro was tricked into entering Dutch controlled territory near Magelang, believing he was there for negotiations for a possible cease-fire. He was captured through treachery and exiled to Manado and then to Makassar, where he died in 1855.

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Asa Faradiba Hilmi/11/XB

According to Babad Ponorogo, Ponorogo Regency was established after Raden Katong arrived in the Wengker area. At that time Wengker was led by Surya Ngalam, known as Ki Ageng Kutu. Raden Katong then chose a place that met the requirements for settlement. Then, Raden Katong, Selo Aji, and Ki Ageng Mirah and their followers continued to work on building settlements.

In 1482-1486 M, to achieve the goal of upholding the struggle by building strength, a familial approach with Ki Ageng Kutu and all his supporters when it began to succeed. Bathoro Katong (Raden Katong) was able to establish the Ponorogo Duchy at the end of the XV century, and he became the first duke.

Ponorogo Regency was established on 11 August 1496, and is celebrated every 11 August 1496 M as the anniversary of Ponorogo, because on that date, Bathara Katong was installed / crowned as the First Duke of Duke of Ponorogo, namely Pon Sunday, the 1st of 1418 Saka to coincide on the 1st Dhu al-Hijjah 901 H

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Aura Azzahra Rahman / 14/ XB

A very unique cave, where in this cave there is a river that passes along the cave. The usual activity carried out at that place is cave tubing. Cave tubing is an activity down the river in the cave by using a buoy tire. Goa Pindul Jogja has a length of 350 meters with a width of 5 meters. There are three zones that must be traversed when passing in Pindul Cave, namely the bright zone, the dark zone, and the dim zone. The bright zone is in the start area when entering a cave. The dim zone is located several meters after entering the cave entrance. And the Dark Zone is in the middle of the cave in Pindul. The ornament on the wall of the cave coupled with the chaos of bats makes the Pindul cave like a priceless painting. Right in the middle of the cave there is a large enough room, and unique above the room there is a hole, which is a hole, which is priceless usually used as a vertical entrance by the SAR Team. From this hole sunlight can enter the cave into the cave. So that makes the scenery in Goa to be extraordinarily beautiful.

This story begins with people in ancient times named Ki Ageng Archery and Ki interpreter Mertani. Both of them get the task to kill the baby ordered by Panembahan Senopati Mataram. the baby is a child of the Senopati Worship Princess.

Ki Ageng and Mertani decided to violate Panembahan Senopati's order, which was reluctant to kill the baby. The two men decided to wander east while carrying the baby, precisely on a hilltop. Because the two men had supernatural powers that were extraordinary, the hill that was climbed collapsed until it left a fairly large hole under which there was flowing river water.
The tiny baby who was ordered to be killed by Panembahan Senopati was bathed by Ki Ageng and Ki Jert Mertani in the river flow beneath the hill Hole.

When the process of bathing the baby, the baby's cheek hit the cave wall to bump. In Javanese, Benjol means "Pindul". That is the background of the origin of the name Goa Pindul.

Pindul Cave is located in Jogja, precisely Gelaran 1 village, Bejiharjo Village, Gunung Kidul Regency.

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Dihya Ajeng Tazkiya / 16

Submarine Museum (Monkasel) is situated in the heart of Surabaya, on the edge of Kalimas River. This museum was built as a memorial of the brave fighters of Indonesia, and to conserve history or Indonesia’s Maritime.

This Museum was Indonesian Navy’s submarine which was named KRI Pasopati, type SS Whiskey Class, that was made in Vladi Wostok Russia in 1952. Since January 29th 1962, this submarine was part of Indonesian Navy property for anti-shipping mission, surveillance and raid. This submarine has been involved in several important Indonesia Navy mission. KRI Pasopati was commissioned to oversee, hearken and collect information without any detection. In 1990, this submarine resigned from Indonesian Navy, and separated to be 16 blocks and then these blocks transported to the recent site to be rebuilt again.

KRI Pasopati characteristics:
Length : 76.6 m
Width : 6.30 m
Speed : 18.3 knot on the water surface and 13.6 knot down the water
Wirght : 1.300 tons
Battery : 224 units
Fuel : Diesel
Weapon : 12 torpedos (7 meters length)
Propelers : 6 holes
Crew : 63
Total rooms : 7 Rooms

Walking through the rooms in the submarine will give clear picture the life of navies. There is torpedo room, and then crew rooms where there are beds to rest, pantry rooms, toilet, commander room, battery room, electricity room. Torpedo rooms had 4 propeller torpedoes. Inside visitors can use periscope in the control room to see surrounding area, originally this periscope was they eye of the submarine.

Room 1 : Torpedo Room, completed with 4 torpedos, and 2 ready reserves. Also beds for crew to rest. Under the deck there is dome sonar.
Room 2 : Is lounge for official, all at once a dining room and comander room. Under the deck is batteries storage room.
Room 3 : Is Combat Information Center, ship control and combat activities center. Under the deck is food storage.
Room 4 : Crew rooms, kitchen. Under the deck in batteries storage.
Room 5 : Where diesel motor placed.
Room 6 : Electricity Room
Room 7 : Torpedo Room

Other thing you can see here is diorama about marine fighters of Indonesia can be watched in this museum from 09.00 t0 21.00. The museum opens everyday Monday to Friday from 08.00 to 21.00, Saturday and Sunday from 08.00 to 22.0o

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TAZKIA AKEMI R/ XB/ 36.

VREDEBURG FORTRESS HISTORY

In 1760 after developing of the new Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the Dutch governor of North Java coast Nicolaas Harting ask a fort to be built in Yogyakarta.

The barracks was built on a plot provided by Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, the first fort was a simple wooden fort with four bastion. Later in 1767 the fortress was extended and converted into a more permanent structure under supervision of a Dutch architect Frans Haak. After its finished in 1787 the fort was named Fort Rustenburg (“Resting fort” in Dutch).

On 1867 the old fort was destroyed by an earthquake. The fort was rebuilt and renamed Fort Vredeburg, which in Dutch language means “Peace fort” due to peaceful co-existence of the fort and the Kraton of the Sultan.

Later in 1942, during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, the fortress was took over by the Japanese army and made into the army’s headquarters and war prison. After the Japanese left in 1945, Fort Vredeburg served the Indonesian Army as military command post, barracks and prison for suspected members.

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The Battle of Ambarawa

Mufida Zulfaa Haibah/29

The Battle of Ambarawa was a battle between the recently created Indonesian Army and the British Army that occurred between 20 October and 15 December 1945 in Ambarawa, Indonesia.

On 20 October 1945, Allied troops under the command of Brigadier Bethell landed in Semarang to disarm Japanese troops. Initially, the troops were welcomed in the area, with Central Java’s governor Wongsonegoro agreeing to provide them with food and other necessities in return for the Allies’ promise to respect Indonesia’s sovereignty and independence.

However, when Allied and NICA troops began freeing and arming freed Dutch POWs in Ambarawa and Magelang, many locals were angered. Indonesian troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel M. Sarbini began besieging Allied troops stationed in Magelang in reprisal for their attempted disarmament.

On the morning of 23 November 1945, Indonesian troops began firing on Allied troops stationed in Ambarawa. A counterattack by the Allies forced the Indonesian Army to retreat to the village of Bedono.

On 11 December 1945, Soedirman held a meeting with various commanders of the Indonesian Army. The next day at 4:30 AM, the Indonesian Army launched an assault on the Allies in Ambarawa. Indonesian artillery pounded Allied positions, which were later overrun by infantry. When the Semarang-Ambarawa highway was captured by Indonesian troops, Soedirman immediately ordered his forces to cut off the supply routes of the remaining Allied troops by using a pincer maneuver.

The battle ended four days later on 15 December 1945, when Indonesia succeeded in regaining control over Ambarawa and the Allies retreated to Semarang.

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Annisa A /09/XB

Indonesia was once a Dutch colony and Japan for hundreds of years. Not surprisingly, in Indonesia has the remnants of historical relics that are currently precisely made as tourist attractions including the Beatrix Bridge that connects the Village of Sri Pelayang with Pasaw Bawah Sarolangun, Jambi Province.

Beatrix Bridge is more precisely located across the Sumatra road if travelers travel from Bangko or Padang. Local people call the Beatrix Bridge Lamo Bridge.

The entire construction of the Beatrix Bridge is made of thick concrete which is very sturdy. Its unique shape, above it there are four parts of the bridge with bone bridge is also made of curved concrete. The bridge with a length of about 100 meters and a width of 5 meters, if you see a shape like a bow solid with the number of arches there are 4 pieces supported by 3 pieces each stake.

Beatrix Bridge is a bridge resulting from forced labor by the Dutch era which was made by the natives in 1931 and completed and inaugurated in 1939. The bridge was named Beatrix Brug which is the name of the Dutch queen who ruled in the early 19th century.

If the traveler visits Sarolangun Regency, the Traveler will pass this Beatrix Brug Bridge. There is written on a large granite that in 1980 the bridge was ruined and renovated again. Especially now that the local government decorates this bridge with colorful lights so that the bridge can be enjoyed as a tourist attraction.

If the traveler visits Sarolangun Regency, the Traveler will pass this Beatrix Brug Bridge. There is written on a large granite that in 1980 the bridge was ruined and renovated again. Especially now that the local government decorates this bridge with colorful lights so that the bridge can be enjoyed as a tourist attraction.

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The history of the red bridge in Surabaya

The Red Bridge which located at North Surabaya, in whose surrounding is one the most savage fightings ever seen on Java. The battle of Surabaya began on 10th November 1945,  Further down the red bridge is the china town which surrounding packed with buildings of typical chinesse architectural and construction. It is still the most crowded business and trade center.

Jembatan Merah (Red Bridge) Area was a trade area that grows as the consequence of Paku Buwono II Agreement from Mataram with VOC by 11 Novembers 1743. In that agreement some of north coast areas, include Surabaya, delivered his domination to VOC. After that, Surabaya resided fully in Dutch power. Around the bridge, there is economics indicators, include one of them is Jembatan Merah Plaza.

Change of its physical happened around year of 1890-an, when its constrictor fence with the river changed from wood becomes iron. Now the bridge condition connects Rajawali Street and Kembang Jepun Street in north side of Surabaya, almost same with other bridge. Its difference is only the red color.

Because the strategic situation, hence Tanjung Perak port also the center sea transport of inters lair East Indonesia area. Ahead, Ocean ships unload and load its goods through lighters and boats that can reach Jembatan Merah (the first port by then) is reside in Surabaya city heart through Kalimas river. Because of the traffic commerce development and goods current improvement and the transportation current increase hence the dock facilities in Jembatan Merah finally fallen short.

Memorized the Heroic Event around Red Bridge (Jembatan Merah) Surabaya
To disarm Japan army, free interning Europe and cure the security safety in ex Japan occupy region in South-East Asia, include Indonesia, ally army (Allied Forces) assign Vice Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, The Chief of Ally Army Commander In South-East Asia (Supreme Commander South East Asian Command).

For this duty, Mountbatten mobilizes 3 Divisions (British-Indian Divisions) and assisted by 2 Australian Divisions under General Morsehead.
But, besides the duty from Allied Forces, there is hidden agenda, which done by British army and Australian, that is assisting Dutch to get back at it country, as the agreement between English and Dutch in Chequers, near to London, on 24 Augusts 1945, named Civil Affairs Agreement, where agreed, that British army will clean strength armed of Republic of Indonesia, and deliver area which have " cleaned" to Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA).

British Battleship, HMS CUMBERLAND, has just arrived on 15 Septembers 1945 in Jakarta. Follow with this ship is Dr. Charles Olke van der Plas, former East Java Governor at colonization epoch India-Dutch.

Adzqiyah Hanum Savitri Al-Cholili/XB/03

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Naurotur R/31/XB

Frustrated at negotiations with the Republic and believing it was weakened by both the Darul Islam and Madiun insurgencies, the Dutch launched a military offensive on 19 December 1948 which termed 'Operatie Kraai' ' (Operation Crow).  By the following day it had been conquered the city of Yogyakarta , the location of the temporary Republican capital.  By the end of December, all major Republicans held cities in Java and Sumatra were in Dutch hands.  The Republican President, Vice-President, and all but six Republic of Indonesia ministers were captured by Dutch troops and exiled on Bangka Island off the east coast of Sumatra.  In areas surrounding Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Republican forces refused to surrender and continued to wage a guerrilla war under the leadership of the Republican military chief of staff General Sudirman who had escaped the Dutch offensives.  An emergency Republican government, the Emergency Goverment of the Republic of Indonesia(PDRI), was established in West Sumatra.
In early 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX conceived the idea of ​​a major offensive to be launched against Yogyakarta and the Dutch troops occupying it. The purpose of this offensive was to show to the world that Indonesia still exists and that it was not ready to surrender.  The idea was suggested to General Sudirman , the Commander of the Indonesian Army and received his approval.  In February 1949, Hamengkubuwono IX had a meeting with Lieutenant Colonel Suharto , the man chosen by Sudirman to be the field commander for the offensive.  After this discussion, preparations were made for the offensive.  This involved intensified guerilla attacks in villages and towns around Yogyakarta so as to make the Dutch station more troops outside of Yogyakarta and thin the numbers in the city itself.

On 1 March 1949 at 6 AM, Suharto and his troops launched the March 1 General Offensive.  The offensive caught the Dutch by surprise.  For his part, Hamengkubuwono IX allowed his palace to be used as a hide out for the troops.  For six hours, Indonesian troops maintained control of Yogyakarta before finally retreating.  The offensive failed in its attempt to show the world that the Indonesian army still existed.  Not much attention was paid to it by the United Nations .  The United Nations observers mentioned Dutch had successfully repelled the attacks.

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History of "Sumpah Pemuda"

The idea of ​​organizing the Second Youth Congress Student Association Students from Indonesia (PPPI), a student-member youth organizations from all over Indonesia. On the initiative of GN, the congress was organized in three different buildings and is divided in three meetings. Resulting in the Youth Pledge.

First meeting, Katholieke Jongenlingen Building Bond
The first meeting, Saturday, October 27, 1928, at the Katholieke Jongenlingen Building Bond (GOC), Bull Field. In his speech, Soegondo hope the conference will strengthen the spirit of unity in the hearts of the youth. The event continued with a description of the meaning and Jamin Moehammad union relationships with youth. According to him, there are five factors that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia that is history, languages​​, customary law, education, and willingness.

Second Meeting, Building Oost-Java Bioscoop
The second meeting, Sunday, October 28, 1928, in Building Oost-Java Bioscoop, discuss education issues. The second speaker, and Sarmidi Poernomowoelan Mangoensarkoro, agrees that children should be educated nationality, must also be a balance between education at school and at home. Children also should be educated in a democratic manner.

Third Meeting, Building Indonesisch Huis Kramat
At the next session, Soenario explains the importance of nationalism and democracy in addition to scouting movement. While Ramelan argues, scouting movement can not be separated from the national movement. Scouting movement since the early to educate children and self-discipline, the things that are needed in the struggle.

Before the congress closes played the song "Indonesia" by Wage Rudolf Supratman. The song was greeted with a very festive by congress participants. Congress closed with a statement announcing the results of the congress. By the youth in attendance, the formula is pronounced as Faithful Oath,

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In memory of the red and white patriotic event of February 14, 1946.

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In memory of the red and white patriotic event of February 14, 1946.

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On February 14, 1946 in Manado the Red and White incident took place. The youths who were part of the VII KNIL Company troops along with the paramilitary troops of the fighters carried out the seizure of government power in Manado, Tomohon and Minahasa. They managed to hold around 600 Dutch troops and officials.
Then on February 16, 1946 they issued leaflets stating that power throughout Manado was in the hands of the Indonesian people. And to strengthen the position of the Republic of Indonesia, the leaders and youth organized a security force under the name of the Indonesian Youth Force, led by Major Waisan.
Since February 14, 1946, for a month the Red and White flag was raised in all corners of the Minahasa. Dr. Sam Ratulangi was appointed as the Governor of Sulawesi assigned to fight for the security and sovereignty of the people of Sulawesi. He also ordered the formation of the People's Safety Central Struggle Agency. Dr. Sam Ratulangi made a petition signed by 540 Sulawesi community leaders. The petition stated that all the people of Sulawesi were inseparable from the Republic of Indonesia. Because of the petition, in 1946, Sam Ratulangi was arrested and exiled to Serui (West Irian and now Papua).

Ainun Hanif/XB/05

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Hasna Nuraini F / 23

The Tosan Aji Museum was inaugurated on April 13, 1987 by the Governor of KDH Level I, Central Java, Mr. Ismail. The location of the museum at that time was located in the Kawedanan Kutoarjo Pendopo. On 10 June 2001 the Regency Government moved from Kutoarjo to the city of Purworejo to occupy the former District Court building in the Dutch era, namely on Mayjend Sutoyo No. street. 10 or south of the Purworejo square. This was done in an effort to realize the integrated location of several historic buildings, such as the Great Mosque of Darul Mutaqin to the west of the square with the largest Pendugonya Bedug in Indonesia, possibly in the world, and the Museum to the south.

The Tosan Aji Museum is a special museum that presents one type of collection, the Tosan Aji (keris). Tosan Aji is one of the results of the nation's culture as an ancestral heritage which shows one of the nation's cultural identities. The atmosphere in the museum was designed in such a way that seemed to enjoy the historic nature of the city of Purworejo. The tools, materials, and existing keris are presented right in the front room, we can first enjoy and know the process of making a keris of the ancestral culture of the nation.

As its development, the Tosan Aji Museum not only presents the Tosan Aji collection, but also displays various collections of cultural heritage objects found in the Purworejo region, both in prehistoric and classical times. The collection of cultural reserves adds a special attraction for visitors. Besides the knowledge gained, it turns out that amazement was also the natural wealth of the city of Purworejo.

Heirloom collection owned by more than 1000 blades consists of kris, sword, spear, cleaver / kudi, Cundrik Granggang which originated from the kingdom of Pajajaran, Majapahit until now, and also stored objects of other cultural heritage objects such as the Ancient Gamelan Kiyai Cokronegoro, gifts from Sri Susuhan Paku Bowono VI to the First Purworejo Regent Cokronegoro and statues, prasati, phallus, yoni, fragment lumping, jars, pickaxes, stone gongs, pottery menhirs, and fossils.

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Safina Amalia A / XB/ 35

In the old days of Java Island, in a region called Prambanan, lies two kingdom. Kingdom of Pengging and Kraton Boko. Pengging kingdom is gifted with a fertile and get prosperous. The kingdom is lead by a wise king named Prabu Damar Moyo and has a male son named Raden Bandung Bondowoso while Kraton Boko is a kingdom that obey under the rules of Pengging. The Boko king is very cruel, he is strong and tall, like a giant. The people of Boko always afraid of the kings anger. Although the king were not handsome, he has a very beautiful daughter called Princess Roro Jongrang.
One day, the king of Boko wants to rebels against the Pengging. Lead by the Boko prime minister, the giant race, Gopolo, the Boko army is prepared to announce the war between Boko and Pengging. They even raid its own people’s properties to support the campaign

Fierce war happens in the borders of the Pengging teritorial mark. Many victims were falling on both sides and people Pengging be suffering because of war, many people hunger and poverty. Knowing his people suffer and have many victims soldiers who died in the borders, then Prabu Damar Moyo sent his son Raden Bondowoso go to war against King Boko. The young Bondowoso is able to defeat king Boko. Seeing the king died, then Prime minister Gupolo escape. Raden Bondowoso pursue Patih Gupolo to Kraton Boko.
After reaching Kraton Boko, Patih Gupolo reported on Princess Roro Jonggrang that his father had been lost in the battlefield, by a knight named Raden Bandung Pengging Bondowoso. Princess Loro Jonggrang wept, saddened his heart because his father had been killed on the battlefield. Raden at Kraton Boko Bondowoso arrived, soom he troubled to see Puteri Raden Bondowoso Loro Jonggrang beautiful, so he wanted to marry Princess Loro Jonggrang as his wife.
As the Boko kingdom is lost in the rebels, and o save her fathers kingdom, the Loro Puteri Raden Jonggrang accept the princes, with some request. She did not want to marry Bondowoso because he had killed his father. To reject the proposal Raden Bondowoso, then Princess Loro Jonggrang have a strategy. The first request, Princess Loro Jonggrang asked for Jalatunda wells (very deep well) while the second request, asked for him to make 1000 temples in one night.

Raden Bandung Bondowoso agreed. Raden Bondowoso Immediately make Jalatunda wells and after so he called Princess Roro Jonggrang to see the well. She trick the prince and send him down. She ask Boko’s prime minister to close the well with heavy rocks so that the prince could not reach the top of the well. Raden Bondowoso is a tough man, he is also smart. Its not a longtime before he was able to come out from the wells. He was very angry to the princess, but soon after meet the princess, he falls again with the beauty of the princess

She ask Raden Bondowoso the second request, to make 1000 temples in 1 night. Bondowoso then command his workers from genie tribe to help him build the 1000 temple. The 1000 temples are building up, one by one with the help of the genie tribes. The princess wants to sabotage the building of the temples. She asks her servants to pound the rice pounding tools and also burns lots of paddy’s straw .

Because of it, the roosters crowed. The genie take a lookto the sky and its brighter in the east. The leader of the genie reported to Bondowoso that they have stopped to make the temple because the morning has arrived. Princess Roro Jonggrang told to count the temples and its only 999 temples, not 1000.

So, Bondowoso won’t be able to marry the princess because he failed to complete the request. Being deceived and tricked, Raden Bondowoso angry and curse Princess Roro Jonggrang. “It’s missing one, and you that should fit the numbers”. The princess is soon turned into a stone statue; it is exist in the heart of the Prambanan temples until now.

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PORTUGUESE HISTORY IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA

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PORTUGUESE HISTORY IN EAST NUSA TENGGARA

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Considering its name, actually East Nusa Tenggara archipelago is believed to have been the center of industrial trade and exchange two thousand years ago when the island of Timor functioned as the source for the original stock of sandalwood trees established in India (or even in China) and there after developed as an important commercial tree. The trees grow in some islands (mostly in Timor Island now and used to be in Sumba) and the quality is still judged superlative.
Now the product is not only used for handicraft, but is also manufactured into sandalwood oil for export commodity for the raw material of perfumes. Centuries ago, ships from all over the world visited these islands in search of spices and sandalwood.

The ancient Chinese travel chronicle Hsing Cha Sheng Can mentions that from the 6th to the 9th AD many ships from the chinese mainland came here to barter ceramics, yarns, and silks for sandalwood.
Can Yu Kua wrote in the Chu Fan Shih in 1225, that Timor Island had links with Java as far as the trade of sandalwood was concered. Evidence of those old trade links with Java is found in the Dance of Lendo Maja, in Sabu. Evidence of early trading with China is provide by the antique Chinese ceramics found in this area.
Pilliot Lamster believes that China had engaged in the sandalwood trade since the early period of Christian era. O. W. Walters similarly believe that China had connections with Timor in the first century of the Christian era.
Merchant from India also come to these island to buy sandalwood, bringing horses which they bought in Arabia to be sold to the people of Sumba. That is ostensibly the reason why there are so many horses in Sumba The Europeans came to East Nusa Tenggara and bought sandalwood oil to treat wound.
In 1520, a Portuguese flotilla led by Alfonso de Abreu and serrao, sailed to Ternate, intending to defeat the Sultan of Ternate and take over his sphere of influence, which stretched from the southern Philippines to Sangihe Talaud, Maluku and the Solor Island.
Losing their orientation, they arrived at Solor. They had failed destination, but had discovered East Nusa Tenggara, the source of sandalwood.
They set up a trading post in Lamakera, on Solor Island, as a kind transit harbor between Maluku and Malacca.
In 1566, the Portuguese set up a trading post, know as fort Hendricus, where sandalwood was accumulated.
During the Portuguese period, many names were changed. Nusa Nipa became Flores, and Tanah Wutun, or Tanjung, was renamed Cabo da Flores. Nusa Wuo was changed into Sumba, and Nusa Eda into Rote or Roti, which was presumably the result of a misunderstanding involving a name Rote. Nusa Timu became Tmor.
In addition, the Portuguese did theur best to convert the people to Roman Catholicism as present on ever Portuguese ship. By 1597, thousands of people on these island had been converted to Christianity.
The little town of Kupang is know among students of maritime history. At around the end of the 1 8th century, Kupang was visited by a sloop of the British Ship HMS "Bounty" skippered by Captain Thigh, who has braved the Pacific Ocean after the infamous mutiny. On his arrival at Kupang, Captain Bligh received he help of the Dutch, who provided him with a ship to return to England.
In 1592, and inhabitant of Larantuka, of Portuguese origin, whose mother had been ill-treated, asked the Dutch for help to fight the portuguese. The clutch attacked Fort Hendricus and defeated the Portuguese.
The Dutch arrived at East Nusa Tenggara for the first time in the 17th century. In 1613, Apollonius Scotte led a war expedition to
East Nusa Tenggara to figh the Portuguese. War broke out and Solor fell to the Dutch in 1653. Through further victory, the Dutch consolidated their position in Kupang in 1657.
Fort Hendricus became the headquarters of Dutch East India Company. Like the Portuguese before them, the Dutch brought their own Lutheran Ministers to the island and became the information center in East Nusa Tenggara.
After that the people living in the surroundings of Kupang had converted from Catholicism to Protestantism. The Protestant center was move to Kupang. Meanwhile, the Portuguese moved the seat of their authority to Rote and Sawu islands. More over, many of the other island was being subjugated and put under Portuguese control.
In the months of May to June 1642, the Portuguese were sending their best troops from Larantuka to attack Timor Island. The Portuguese commander;, Fransisco Fernandes, Ordered his men to kill all the king in the conquered areas.
In 1739, a new power group, called the black Portuguese or Tropaas, emerged in Timor. Until the middle of the 19th century, clashes between the area. The situation continued until 1854, when the Treaty of Timor was signed between the Dutch and Portuguese, dividing Timor into half west to be ruled by the Dutch, and an east by the Portuguese. Larantuka and surrounding areas were ceded to the Dutch, whereas the barren territory of Oekusi was relinquished to the dPortuguese.

ADETRIATI FAUZIYYAH / XB /01

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Nisa Rafi' Hanifah/33

Benteng Pendem is a Dutch fortress on the coast of Teluk Penyu, Cilacap district, Central Java, which was built in 1861. Benteng Pendem was formerly the headquarters of the Dutch army in Cilacap, Central Java, which was designed by a Dutch architect.This fort is functioned to withstand attacks coming from the sea. Fort Pendem was used until 1942.When the war against Japanese troops, the fort was successfully controlled by Japan. In 1945, Japan left this fortress because the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed by allies.

So this fort was taken over by the TNI Banteng Loreng Kesatuan Central Java. In the control of the TNI, this fort was used by freedom fighters to practice war and sea landing. Pendem fort was once covered by coastal land and not neglected.This building is a former Dutch East Indies army defense base.The fort was later discovered and began to be excavated by the Cilacap government in 1986. At present, the government of Cilacap Regency makes this fort as a historical tourism site.

Pendem fort building consists of several rooms that are still study today. However, from the beginning it was discovered, the room in the fort was not yet fully known. Commonly known rooms consists of  barracks, fortifications, surveillance castles, meeting rooms, medical clinics, and bullet rooms. There are also those who claim that the fortress has tunnels leading to other fortifications. And the fortress also contains a number of caves on the island of nusakambangan. However, until now it has not been fully proven.

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Kharisma Rahmatya Mulyawati_XB_25
History Of Tugu Yogyakarta
Many people believe that when coming to Yogyakarta, it’s not complete if you don’t visit Tugu Yogyakarta. This monument is a historic building located right at the centre of the intersection between Pangeran Mangkubumi Street, Jendral Sudirman Street, A.M. Sangaji Street and Diponegoro Street and it’s nearly three centuries old. Aside from being a symbol of Yogyakarta, this monument also has an imaginary axis between the South Sea, Yogyakarta Palace and Mount Merapi. It also deals with the magical bond between the three sites.

Tugu Yogyakarta was built by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I in 1755. At first, this Golong-Gilig shaped and has a height of 25 meters, where the pillars of this monument was Gilig shaped (cylindrical) and the peak was peak Golong shaped (round), so that at the time this monument was called as Tugu Golong-Gilig. At the beginning of the construction of this monument, the monument meant Manunggaling Kawula Gusti which describes the spirit of unity between the people and the authorities in the fight against the invaders. But on the other hand, it could also be significant as the relationship between man and the Creator.

On June 10th, 1867, a great earthquake shook the city and resulting the monument collapsed. And then in 1889, this monument began to be fixed by the Dutch government done by Opzichter  van Waterstaat or Head of Department of Public Works, JWS van Brussel under the supervision of Pepatih Dalem Kanjeng Raden Adipati Danurejo V by doing a little renovation to this monument. The the monument was built with a square shape where the peak is no longer round but tapered conical. Each side of the building was also decorated with some sort of memorial inscriptions indicating who was involved in the renovation process. Not only that, the building which previously was 25 meters high was initially made only as high as fifteen meters. This monument was inaugurated by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII on October 3rd, 1889. Since then, this monument was called by the name of De Witt Paal or Tugu Putih (White Monument).

Tugu Yogyakarta is now getting more beautiful with small gardens that adorn the area around the monument. In addition to adding beauty, this park is also intended to keep visitors to not arbitrarily go up the monument and littering this historic buildings.

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Alivia Zahra W/07

Keraton Palace, as known as Keraton Ngayogyokarto Hadiningrat is one of Tourist destination when coming to Yogyakarta. It's place used by rulers and kings of Islamic Mataram. Keraton itself means a magnificent palace where important people or king in an area lived.

Keraton palace Yogyakarta was established in 1755 after the Giyanti Agreement. This agreement made the Islamic Mataram Sultanate divided into two, Surakarta Palace (Solo) and Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace (Jogja). This agreement occurred due to two parties’ disapproval of Dutch rule in the land of Java. Until finally the first sultan of Kraton of Jogja, Sultan Hamengku Buwono I, chose to establish a new sultanate in Jogja area which was more in line with classic Java characteristics. Kraton royal palace Yogyakarta in the past was not much different from the present.

On 20 June 1812, Stamford Raffles led a 1,200-strong British force to attack the walled royal city of Yogyakarta. Although they outnumbered the British, the Javanese were unprepared for the attack. Yogyakarta fell in one day, and the palace was sacked and burned. A total of £15,000 in gold, jewels and currency (currently valued at £500,000) was looted. It was the first attack on a Javanese court, and the sultanate was subjugated to colonial authority. Most of the current palace was built by Sultan Hamengku Buwono VIII (who reigned from 1921 to 1939), and was rebuilt after earthquakes in 1876 and 2006.

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Assyifa Hanin chairunisa / 12

Located near the Kraton, this place was also known as the garden for the Sultan of Yogyakarta. Tamansari was originally built for multiple purposes yet now only several buildings remain. Some of its original functions were a place to rest, to meditate, to work, to hide and to defend the Sultan’s family.
This area has multiple functions such as for resting, workshop, meditation, defence as well as a hiding place. Meanwhile, Taman Sari consists of four distinct areas such as a large artificial lake with islands and pavilions located in the west, a bathing complex in the centre, a complex of pavilions and pools in the south, and a smaller lake in the east.
The only the central bathing complex is well preserved today. Meanwhile, the other areas have been largely occupied by the Kampung Taman settlement. Moreover, the local government has appointed this site as a tourist destination.

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Firyal Hana Fakhira/18

Nusakambangan is the Alcatraz of Indonesia. This island is a secured prison for renowned criminals, political prisoners, drug traffickers, terrorists and those convicted in high profile corruption cases.

Historically, during the Dutch colonization period in the 16th century, VOC built a fortress in Nusa Kambangan. It was initially meant as a lookout frontline to protects their ships from potential dangers and pirates. When it can no longer be served to guard the island, VOC then began transforming the fort into a high-security prison to exile criminals and political dissidents.

Its use as a prison island continues after independence and onto this day. A total of 9 prisons was constructed during the period of 1908-1950; The Permisan, Karang Anyar, Nirbaya, Batu, Besi, Gliger, Karang Tengah, Limus Buntu and Kembang Kuning. Each prison was to house around 700 inmates. Today, there are only four prisons operates with each distinct level of security (Permisan, Batu, Besi and Kembang Kuning).

The island was opened as a tourist destination in 1996. A special agency was established to manage tourism on the island. All of the tourists should be arranged by the agency and accompanied by security officers until a maximum of 6 PM without an overnight stay.

Aside from the daunting reputation of being an outcast island, the beauty of its natural wildlife is mesmerizing. Nusa Kambangan translates as “the flower island” because it is said to be a sanctuary of the graceful Wijaya Kusuma flowers (Epiphyllum oxypetalum). It is unique fragrant flowers that bloom once a year in less than a few minutes at night before her petals started to fall.

The rare trees of Plahlar Wood (Dipterocarpus litoralis) are indigenous of this island, but sadly oftentimes stolen to be dried due to its’ equal quality to Borneo’s meranti wood. Many rare and distinct animals are also reported to live under the shades of its thick forest.
The island consists of two areas, the east, and west. The western part is where most prisons are located. It also has amazing pristine beaches like Permisan Beach with its’ beautiful white gray sands near the Permisan Prison. There is also Ranca Babakan stretch on the west coast part, glorious Pasir Putih Beach, and several natural caves such as Goa Ratu.

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Marwah F/27

Benteng Heritage Museum is the result of the restoration of a building with traditional Chinese architecture which according to estimates was built in the mid-17th century and is one of the oldest buildings in the city of Tangerang. The building is located at Jalan Cilame No.20, Old traditional Market.
In this museum there are many historical relics of Chinese life, many artifacts are also silent witnesses in past lives. The arrival of Cheng Ho's fleet with a group of about 300 large and small junks carrying nearly 30,000 followers. Some of these groups led by Chen Ci Lung are believed to be the ancestors of the Chinese residents of Tangerang (China Benteng) who landed in Teluk Naga in 1407.
There are still many historical buildings in Tangerang, our job is to maintain and continue to preserve the history that has never happened. Do not let us forget the history that is in our own area.

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MONJALI-the track of Six Hours occurence in Yogyakarta-

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MONJALI-the track of Six Hours occurence in Yogyakarta-

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by : Adinda Aulia/XB/02

1 March 1949, 06.00 a.m.
Yogyakarta City Center

The sound of serene signaling break time sounded from the Dutch defense post. Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Suharto, Commander of Brigade 10 of Wehrkreise III area, an attack to the Dutch defense was started after getting an agreement from Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX as initiator of the attack. The Dutch troop that since the Dutch Military Aggression II in December 1948 was distributed to small posts was separated and weakened. During six hours, Indonesian National Army succeeded in occupying Yogyakarta, after hitting the Dutch troop. Right at 12.00 in the afternoon, as it was planned, all Indonesian army drew back from the city center when the Dutch support came; total loose at the Dutch side.This battle known as Serangan Umum 1 Maret was initial authentication to the international world that Indonesian National Army still had power to fight and to state that the Republic of Indonesia still existed.
This was triggered by the capture and the exile of Bung Karno and Bung Hatta to Sumatera setting propaganda that the Republic of Indonesia had not existed.This news about the six-hour attack was then sent to Wonosari, continued to Bukit Tinggi, then Burma, New Delhi (India), and finally in the main office of the UN in New York. With this news, the United Nations that considered Indonesia to have been independent compelled the execution of KTN (Komisi Tiga Negara / Commission of Three Nations). The meeting held in Des Indes Hotel Jakarta on 14 April 1949, where Indonesia was represented by Moh. Roem and representatives of Netherlands led by Van Royen, resulted in an agreement signed on 7 May 1949. This agreement was later called Roem Royen Statement. In this agreement Netherlands was compelled to withdraw its troop from Indonesia, and to return President and the Vice President, Soekarno-Hatta to Jogja. Finally on 27 December 1949 Netherlands officially handed over the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.

In order to commemorate the struggle history of the nation, Yogya Kembali monument was built on 29 June 1985. The placement of the first stone of the 31.8 meter-high monument was done by HB IX after planting buffalo head as traditional ceremony. Four years later, on 6 July 1989, this building was finished. The opening was done by President Soeharto by signing the inscription.

The monument that is located in Jongkang village, Sariharjo Sub-District, Ngaglik District of Sleman Regency is of a mountain shape, symbolizing fertility and preservation of pre-historical ancestor's culture. The location of the monument was based on local culture that is located on imaginary axis connecting Merapi, Tugu, Sultan Palace, Panggung Krapyak, and Parang Tritis. "Macrocosmic Axis or the Great Axis of Life", as Gunadi told YogYES. The imaginary point in the building standing on 5.6 hectare land can be seen on the third floor where the flag pole is standing.

The name Yogya Kembali that means Yogya Returns symbolizes the return of the function of Indonesian Republic Government and historical hallmark of the Dutch troop withdrawal from Yogyakarta as the capital on 29 June 1949 and the return of President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and other officers on 6 July 1949 to Yogyakarta.

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GITA FITRI PUTRI RAMADHANTI/19

The Ground Zero Monument is located at Jl. Raya Legian, Kuta, Badung Regency, Bali. The Bali Bombing Monument was built on the idea of ​​Nyoman Rudana. This monument was completed in 2003 a year after the bombing at Ground Zero and was renamed the Panca Benua Monument. and finally on October 12, 2004, it was inaugurated by the Regent of Badung at that time, namely A.A Ngurah Oka Ratmadi.

The monument was built with a magnificent building and decorated with fountains and there is a miniature supertree. In this monument the walls are marble plaques with gold ink bearing the names of 202 victims of the explosion due to the Bali bombing.

This Bali monument was made to commemorate the Bali bombing incident that occurred in 2002. Bali bombing events occurred twice, the first in 2002 and the second in 2005. On the first Bali bombing events that took many victims. The dead victims reached 202 people and 209 injured.                The first Bali Bombing occurred on October 12, 2002.This tragedy came from two consecutive bomb blasts that occurred only 15 seconds later. Exploded at 23.05 in three places, namely Paddy's Pub and Sari Club (SC) on Jalan Legian, Kuta, Bali. As well as near the United States Consulate Office.

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Anzilni Nayla Wibawa/10

proclamaion of Indonesia independence was read at 10:00 in the morning of Friday, 17 August 1945. The wording and declaration of the proclamation had to balance the interests of conflicting internal Indonesian and Japanese interests at the time. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. In 2005, the Netherlands declared that it had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia's independence date. In a 2013 interview the Indonesian historian Sukotjo, among others, asked the Dutch government to formally acknowledge the date of independence as 17 August 1945. The United Nations recognizes the date of 27 December 1949.

The draft was prepared only a few hours earlier on the night of 16 August 1945, by Sukarno, Hatta, and Soebardjo, at the house of Rear-Admiral Tadashi Maeda. The house which is located in Jakarta is now the Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum situated at Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 1. The original Indonesian Declaration of Independence was typed by Sayuti Melik. Maeda himself was sleeping in his room upstairs. He was agreeable to the idea of Indonesia's independence,and had lent his house for the drafting of the declaration. Marshal Terauchi, the highest-ranking Japanese leader in South East Asia and son of former Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake, was however against Indonesia's independence, scheduled for 24 August 1945.

Numerous figures who had been involved in the fight for independence had been working on a draft for the proclamation. Hatta had been working on a draft for the proclamation. Furthermore the youth movement had worked on and prepared a draft, however it was the final draft prepared by Sukarno that was used which balanced the interests of both the Indonesian and Japanese individuals that had been involved. the proclamation text was signed by Mr. Soekarno and Mr. Moh. Hatta. the Proclamation text was signed in the name of Indonesia citizens

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SURTINI/01
Ballooning

The first kind of air transportation was not a plane. It was a balloon. People traveled  by balloon 100  years before there were planes or jet  aircraft. Those  early  days  of  ballooning  were  exciting,  but  they  were  also dangerous. Sometimes the balloons fell suddenly. Sometimes they burned. However, the danger did not stop the balloonists.

(1) The first real balloon flight was in France in 1783. Two Frenchmen, the Montgolfier brothers, made a balloon. They filled a very large paper bag with hot air. Hot air is lighter than cold air, so it goes up. The Montgolfier’s hot air balloon went up 1,000 feet in the sky.

(2) Later that same year, two other Frenchmen ascended  in the basket under a balloon. They built a fire under the balloon to make the air hot. This made the balloon stay up in the air for a few hours. But their balloon was tied to the ground. So it could not go anywhere.

During the nineteenth century, ballooning became a popular sport. There were balloon races in Europe. Balloons were also used by scientists to study the air and by armies in wartime. After the airplane was invented, people lost interest in balloons. Planes were much faster and easier to control. But some people today still like to go up in balloons. High up in the balloon basket, they find quiet. They have a wonderful view of the world below.

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HISTORICAL RECOUNT
Assalamu’alaikum good people of Class 4B
How are you all?. I hope you all in a good condition.Aamiin.
 
 TODAY’S LESSON IS ABOUT HISTORICAL RECOUNT.
There are 3 kinds of RECOUNT TEXT
1. PERSONAL RECOUNT TEXT
It retells past events in the order in which  they happened. Writing personal recount requires to retell an activity or event that happened in your own life. You must structure your story in a way that makes sense while using language that matches the same purpose.

 2. HISTORICAL RECOUNT 

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Hamidah Candradewi/XB/20

Selarong Cave is a legendary cave. This is because Selarong Cave was used as a stronghold by Prince Diponegoro when it began to confront the Netherlands in 1825.
Selarong Cave is located in Kembangputihan Hamlet, Guwosari Village, Pajangan District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Selarong Cave was made the headquarters of the struggle by Prince Diponegoro After escaping from the siege of Dutch troops led by the Assistant Resident of Chevallier on July 21, 1825, Prince Diponegoro had time to evacuate to several places. Next he headed for Selarong.
Here he and his aides built a struggle base. The Selarong area is considered strategic because it is located in the foothills of limestone caves. The distance is about 9 kilometers from the city of Yogyakarta.

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Bicara tentang wisata di D.I Yogyakarta seperti tidak pernah ada habisnya, kota yang penuh sejarah ini menyimpan banyak sekali wisata-wisata alam yang mengandung nilai sejarah yang salah satunya adalah Obyek Wisata Alam Goa Selarong. Goa yang terletak diwilayah Kembang Putihan, Guwosari, Pajangan Bantul Yogyakarta ini berada di perbukitan kapur setinggi kurang lebih 35 meter dengan dipenuhi pepohonan yang lebat. Letak goa Selarong ini sangat curam dengan kemiringan sekitar 45 derajat, untuk mencapai lokasinya, anda harus meniti anak tangga sejauh kurang lebih 400 meter.

Sejarah Goa Selarong
Pada perang Jawa yang terjadi pada tahun 1825 sampai 1830 selalu identik dengan sosok pejuang berkuda dengan sorban putih dan senjata keris. Siapa yang tidak kenal dengan Pangeran Diponegoro? Sejarah perjuangan beliau tidak bisa dilepaskan dengan keberadaan tempat keramat yang satu ini, yaitu Goa Selarong. Pada masa tersebut, Goa Selarong menjadi salah satu tempat penting bagi beliau, tempat ini tidak hanya digunakan sebagai persembunyian melainkan untuk mengatur strategi perang dengan pihak Kolonial.

Bentuk Goa Selarong seperti sebuah cekungan yang lebarnya hanya sekitar 3 m dengan tinggi sekitar 2 m, dalamnya sekitar 3 m. Goa Selarong memiliki dua Goa yang berdampingan, yaitu Goa Lanang (Goa yang digunakan P Diponegoro untuk menyusun strategi dan sembunyi Pangeran Diponegoro ) dan Goa Wadon (perempuan bekas tampat tinggal RA Ratnaningsih, istri Sang Pangeran). Kata Selarong berasal " Selo" yang berarti batu dan " rong" artinya lobang.

Fasilitas wisata lainnya di Selarong:

Air terjun dan sendang Manikmaya

Festival kesenian tradisional selarong

Parkir luas

Pendopo

Akses Menuju Wisata Goa Selarong

Dari Bandara Adisucipto: keluar melalui pintu bawah tanah lalu naik bus trans Jogja turun di terminal giwangan lalu naik bus jurusan Yogya - Bantul turun di Masjid Agung/Kantor Bpati Bantul lalu naik ojek

Dari Stasiun Tugu Menuju ke Goa Selarong: keluar melalui pintu depan lalu naik bus trans Jogja turun di terminal giwangan lalu naik bus jurusan Yogya - Bantul turun di Masjid Agung/Kantor Bpati Bantul lalu naik ojek

Dari Stasiun lempuyangan menuju Goa Selarong: naik bus trans Jogja turun di terminal giwangan lalu naik bus jurusan Yogya - Bantul turun di Masjid Agung/Kantor Bpati Bantul lalu naik ojek

Dari terminal Jombor Menuju ke Goa Selarong: naik bus jurusan Yogya-Tempel turun di ringroad perempatan Jalan Bantul lalu naik bus jurusan Yogya - Bantul turun di Masjid Agung/Kantor Bpati Bantul lalu naik ojek

Dari Terminal Giwangan Menuju ke Goa Selarong: naik bus jurusan Yogya - Bantul turun di Masjid Agung/Kantor Bpati Bantul lalu naik ojek

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Obyek Wisata Goa Selarong, Bantul, Yogyakarta

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Bicara tentang wisata di D.I Yogyakarta seperti tidak pernah ada habisnya, kota yang penuh sejarah ini menyimpan banyak sekali wisata-wisata alam yang mengandung nilai sejarah yang salah satunya adalah Obyek Wisata Alam Goa Selarong. Goa yang terletak diwilayah Kembang Putihan, Guwosari, Pajangan Bantul Yogyakarta ini berada di perbukitan kapur setinggi kurang lebih 35 meter dengan dipenuhi pepohonan yang lebat.

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Meisyatifa kayla arabilla/28

Bandung as Sea of Fire was a fire that occurred in the city of Bandung on March 24, 1946. Within seven hours, about 200,000 residents of Bandung burned their homes.

British troops as part of the Brigade MacDonald arrived in Bandung on October 12, 1945. Bandung was deliberately burned by TRI and local people. There were black smoke billowing high into the air everywhere. The British Army began to attack so fierce. The greatest battle happened in the Village name Dayeuh Kolot, in South Bandung, where there were a large ammunition depot belonging to British. In this battle, Barisan Rakyat Indonesia  destroyed the ammunition depot.

The strategy to fire Bandung was considered because the power of TRI and people’s militia was not comparable to the British forces and NICA. This incident inspired to create the famous song “Halo, Halo Bandung”.

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1. Make historical recount that happened in your city/hometown.

2. Find a place or story that has historical value in your city/ hometown

3. Don’t put your personal involved in your writing.

4. Make 3 paragraphs and 1 paragraph should be min 6 sentences.

5. Put A PICTURE on your writing

6. Upload OVER HERE
7. YOUR TIME TILL 22.00 ON 29th March 2020.

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Nilna Muna Yusuf /32

Battle of Surabaya
The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-independence Indonesian soldiers and militia against British and British Indian troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution.

The peak of the battle was in November 1945. The battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance.  Fighting broke out on 30 October after the British commander, Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby was killed in a skirmish. Although the Colonial forces largely captured the city in three days, the poorly armed Republicans fought for three weeks, and thousands died as the population fled to the countryside.

The battle and defence mounted by the Indonesians galvanised the nation in support of independence and helped garner international attention. For the Dutch, it removed any doubt that the Republic was not simply a gang of collaborators without popular support. It also had the effect of convincing Britain that wisdom lay on the side of neutrality in the revolution; within a few years, in fact, Britain would support the Republican cause in the United Nations.

Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped galvanise Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence. 10 November is celebrated annually as Heroes’ Day.

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Gondang Winangun Sugar Factory (AFIFAH I/04/XB)

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Gondang Winangun Sugar Factory (AFIFAH I/04/XB)

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 The Gondang Baru Sugar Factory (PG) is located on Jalan Raya Yogyakarta - Surakarta, Plawikan Village (Gondang Winangun), Jogonalan District, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, or about 5 km from Klaten City in the direction of Yoyakarta.

 This sugar factory named Suikerfabriek Gondang Winangoen, was founded in 1860 by NV Klatensche Cultuur Maatschappij based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Managed by NV Mirandolle Vaute and Co., based in Semarang. When the world economy occurred in 1930-1935, factory operations stopped but were re-operated in 1935-1942 under the leadership of Boerman and MFH Breemers, Dutch citizens.

 Initially, this factory used a water turbine to drive the engine. After the invention of the steam engine, this type of engine was used as the prime mover in increasing the rolling capacity. The steam engine used in this factory is B. Lahaye & Brissoneauf made in France in 1884 which can still be used properly. Similarly, other machines from the 19th century are still relatively good and produce high-quality sugar.

 In 1942 - 1945 Japan controlled Indonesia and consequently PG Gondang Winangoen was also controlled by the Japanese colonial government. The head of the factory is held by the Japanese, Niskia and Inogaki, but is still supported by MFN Breemers. After Indonesia's independence, the sugar factory became the government of the Republic of Indonesia. Managed by the State Enterprise Management Agency (BPPGN) and led by Mr. Doekoet (1945-1948).

 When the 2nd Dutch military action took place, in 1948, the factory did not operate. Only in 1950 the factory began operating again. PG Gondang Winangoen in December 1957 was changed to PG Gondang Baru in the form of a Limited Liability Company (PT), which was controlled and supervised by the Semarang PPN Unit and the leadership held by R. Imam Sopeno. Based on Government Regulation (PP) No. 164 dated July 1, 1964, PT. PG Gondang Baru was included in the Central Java V PPN in Solo, then renamed PG Gondang Baru.

 Furthermore, with PP No. On April 13, 1968 the Central Java V PPN was dissolved and the XVI State Plantation Company (PNP) was located in Solo, where PG Gondang Baru was included in this area. Then with the presence of PP No. 11 April 1, 1981 PNP XVI was dissolved and merged into PTP XV-XVI (Persero) domiciled in Solo.

 Since May 9, 1994 PTP XV-XVI (Persero) was managed by PTP XXI-XXII and as a board of directors domiciled in Surabaya, and in 1996 PG Gondang Baru entered PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX (Persero) until now.

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Betania R / XB / 15

Lets See the historical Of This Fort

This fort is a Dutch East Indies fort which was built around the 19th century. Located in the City of Gombong, Kebumen Regency, Central Java. This fort is one of the interesting attractions in the South Coast Path. The name Van Der Wijck itself comes from the name of the commander at that time whose career was quite brilliant in silencing the resistance of the people of Aceh. When it was first established, the fort was named Fort Cochius (Fort Cochius) from the name of one of the Dutch Generals. Frans David Cochius (1787-1876) who had been assigned to the Bagelen area (one of the Kedu residency areas).

Because of his greatness which is also supported by local leaders in southern Java. The Dutch adopted the Stelsel fortress tactics. Stelsel fortress is the construction of a fort at a location that he has mastered. The aim is to strengthen the defense. There is also a narrowing of the enemy space, especially in the South Kedu residency. This fort was founded on the initiative of General Van den Bosch. During the Japanese colonial era, the fort complex was a training ground for PETA soldiers.

Construction of this fort as a place of defense as well as planning an attack on the ex-residence of the South Kedu. There is another history saying, the fort was built in 1844. Before the fort was built, this building was originally the office of the VOC Trading Company. the strength of Prince Diponegoro's army centered in South Bagelen was quite large. Therefore the Dutch brought their troops to Gombong. They were then placed in the offices of the VOC Trading Company. This was done for their defense

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HISTORICAL RECOUNT
Assalamu’alaikum good people of Class 4B
How are you all?. I hope you all in a good condition.Aamiin.
 
 TODAY’S LESSON IS ABOUT HISTORICAL RECOUNT.
There are 3 kinds of RECOUNT TEXT
1. PERSONAL RECOUNT TEXT
It retells past events in the order in which  they happened. Writing personal recount requires to retell an activity or event that happened in your own life. You must structure your story in a way that makes sense while using language that matches the same purpose.

 2. HISTORICAL RECOUNT 

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AMALYA AISYA RIZQI / XB

Last week I was visiting Borobudur temple. It was a great temple and one of the biggest Buddhist temples in the world.

I had been there for several times and I still love to go there again and again. I know a little bit about the history of the restoration of the Borobudur Temple.

Borobudur temple was built in 9th-century in (now) Magelang city, Central Java, Indonesia.

That temple was built during the reign of Sailendra Dynasty as the symbolic monument retelling the life of Buddha in which people can learn about Buddhist religion.

The temple was design in Javanese Buddhist architecture as the acculturation of Indian and Javanese culture.

Some evidences and theories suggest that Borobudur temple was disappeared during the reign of Hindu kingdoms and Islam in java in 14th-century and the years after it.

It was disappeared because of the eruption of Merapi Mountain that buried most of the surrounding area including Borobudur.

But because of that eruption then the temple was survived and untouchable until in 1814 during the British colonialization, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (the British ruler of Java at that time) got information that there was a hill with carved texture.

After that Thomas Stamford Raffles made a project to dig and clear that area and after 2 mounts working the Borobudur temple was appeared.

But of course at that time the face of Borobudur was extremely different from it appearance today.

Since it was found the British government restored that temple and continued by the Dutch government. The largest restoration was undertaken by Indonesian government and UNESCO between 1975 until 1982.

Since that now we can enjoy and learn about the beauty of the Borobudur Temple.

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Assalamu’alaikum good people of Class 4B

How are you all?. I hope you all in a good condition.Aamiin.

TODAY’S LESSON IS ABOUT HISTORICAL RECOUNT.

There are 3 kinds of RECOUNT TEXT

1. PERSONAL RECOUNT TEXT

It retells past events in the order in which  they happened. Writing personal recount requires to retell an activity or event that happened in your own life. You must structure your story in a way that makes sense while using language that matches the same purpose.

2. HISTORICAL RECOUNT TEXT

It is a text that informs the reader about factual events that have happened in the past that has historical values. It focuses on significant events that involve a large spectrum of people rather than just one person. Unlike personal recount, the writer of a historical recount doesn’t need to be personally involved in the event they are writing about.

3. BIOGRAPHICAL RECOUNT
It is a text that informs the reader about a person's life by retelling past events and achievements that happened in the past. uses specific names of the people involved in the biography.