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Tri chysir henaint: tan, te a tybaco

Three comforts of old age: fire, tea and tobacco.

Nerth hen, ei gyngor parad.

The strength of the old is their ready counsel.

Bum gall unwaith-hynny oedd, llefain pan ym ganed.

I was wise once, when I was born I cried.

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goodmorning || bore da
goodnight || noson dda
hello || helo
bye || hwyl fawr
woman || gwraig
man || dyn
mum || mam
dad || dad
house || ty
dog || ci
black || du
white || gwyn
tree || coeden
sun || haul
moon || lloer

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Status: Country
Capital and largest city: Cardiff (Caerdydd)
Official languages : Welsh-English
Alphabet: Celtic
Population: 3,063,456
Density: 148/km²(383.3/sq mi)
Motto: "Cymru am byth!"

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Eisteddfod is a local competition festival where about 15,000 children and young people under 25 competing in different competition like singing, dancing and performing.
It recives the elite of the 40,000 people who participated and are qualified from the competition all over the Wales, during the spring before the festival.
Eisteddfod is a perfect place for the families because there are a lot of stands where the volunteers offer many differents activities to do with the children. During the festival you can even see well know tv charaters!

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Cardiff became as a Roman fort. The Romans invaded Wales about 50 AD and about 55 AD they built a fort on the site of Cardiff.

However in the mid-3rd century the fort was rebuilt and strengthened to defend South Wales against Irish raiders. Yet in the fourth century Roman civilisation declined. Towards the end of the century the Romans abandoned the fort at Cardiff.

The town of Cardiff was founded when the Normans conquered Glamorgan. A Norman called Robert Fitz Hamon conquered the area. He built a wooden castle within the walls of the old Roman fort. (The castle was rebuilt in stone in the early 12th century). Cardiff had a population of between 1,500 and 2,000 in the Middle Ages. Towns were very small in those days, especially Welsh towns.

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Traditional Welsh dress was worn by women in rural areas of Wales. The distinctive dress was based on a form of bedgown made from wool, of a style dating from the 18th century, worn over a corset. This was teamed with a printed neckerchief, a petticoat, apron and knitted stockings. The dress was completed by a high crowned hat reminiscent of 17th century fashions and a red, caped cloak.

Prior to the late 18th / early 19th century there was no such thing as a Welsh national costume. During the 1830s, Lady Llanover, the wife of an ironmaster in Gwent, was very influential in encouraging the wearing of a 'national' dress. She considered it important to establish a Welsh national identity as at this time many felt their national identity was under threat. She encouraged the use of the Welsh language and the wearing of an identifiable Welsh costume, based on the rural women’s traditional dress.

The adoption of the costume also coincided with the growth of Welsh Nationalism, as the rise of industrialisation was seen as a t

hreat to the traditional agricultural way of life.And as most of the costume was made from wool, this also boosted the Welsh woollen industry.

As the 19th century progressed, the wearing of traditional dress became less popular and by the 1880s the Welsh costume was worn more as an attempt to maintain tradition and celebrate a separate Welsh identity, than as an everyday costume.

Today Welsh costume is worn on St David’s Day and by performers at concerts and Eisteddfod. It is also very important for the tourism industry: dolls in Welsh dress make excellent gifts and souvenirs!

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According to Welsh folklore, these ornately carved spoons were traditionally made from a single piece of wood by young men as a love token for their sweetheart, to show his affection and intentions for his loved one.

The earliest surviving example, displayed in the Welsh Folk museum in Cardiff, is dated around 1667, although the tradition probably dates back long before that.

The love spoon originated from the “cawl” (soup) spoon.  Over generations decorative carvings were added to the spoon and it lost it’s original practical use and became a treasured decorative item that would be hung proudly on a wall.

Today,  love spoons are requested from all over the world. They are given as gifts for weddings, engagements, christenings, birthdays and anniversaries or as a love token and as a souvenir from Wales.

Although the Welsh lovespoon is the most famous there are also traditions of lovespoons in Scandinavia and some parts of Eastern Europe, which have their own unique styles and techniques.

Spoons are decorated with different symbol with many different meanings:

Wheel                            Supporting a loved one
Leaves                           Love grows
Ring                                Together forever.
Key and keyhole           Home together, my house is yours and security.
Horseshoe                     Good luck and happiness.
Harp                                Traditional Welsh symbol.
Dragon                            national symbol and strength/protection
Diamond                         wealth and good fortune

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Welsh food is a glorious combination of tradition and diversity. The heritage of Welsh cooking blended with influences from immigrant populations from Italy and the Middle East who flocked to parts of Wales from the mid 18th – mid 19th century in search of work. Think of the extraordinary Welsh Italian ice-cream parlours and cafes.
One of the traditional Welsh recipe is the "Bara Brith"

450g/1lb dried mixed fruit

250g/9oz brown sugar

300ml/½ pint warm black tea

2 tsp mixed spice

450g/1lb self-raising flour

1 free-range egg, beaten

1. in a large bowl soak the fruit and sugar in strained tea and leave overnight.

2. Next day preheat the oven to 170C/325F/Gas 3. Line a 900g/2lb loaf tin with baking parchment.

3. Mix the remaining ingredients into the fruit mixture and beat well.

4. Pour the mixture into the loaf tin and bake the oven and bake for 1½ hours or until a skewer inserted into the middle comes out clean.

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It consists in a red dragon, passant (standing with one foot raised), on a green and white background. As with any ancient symbol, the appearance of the dragon has been adapted and changed over the years, and so several different variations exist. The current flag was officially adopted in 1959, and is based on an old royal badge used by British kings and queens since Tudor times. The red dragon  has been associated with Wales for centuries, and the flag is claimed to be the oldest national flag still in use. One legend recalls Romano-British soldiers carrying the red dragon to Rome on their banners in the fourth-century, but it could be even older than that.