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If The World Were 100 People | GOOD Data

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Children and their favourite possessions

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Children and their favourite possessions

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If photographer Gabriele Galimberti has learned anything photographing children around the world with their favorite toys, it's that kids, no matter their circumstances, love to play.

Galimberti was working on a separate project documenting couch surfers for the Italian magazine D, la Repubblica when he got the idea to make portraits of children with their most prized possessions. All the children he photographed in his book, Toy Stories: Photos of Children From Around the World and Their Favorite Things, are somehow connected to the couch surfers who hosted him. "I think my work just shows how different we are in the world, how differently we can live, and how differently our children play depending on where they are born," he said via email.

For three years, Galimberti photographed children in 58 countries from the U.S. to India to Iceland. In each case, he arranged the toys in highly organized patterns. It was the same technique he used in another series he worked on concurrently, " Delicatessen With Love," in which he photographed grandmothers with the ingredients from their signature dishes. "I always do the arrangements by myself," he told last May via email. "Actually, I don't remember why I took the first photo like this. I like geometry. My photos are always geometric so it comes natural for me to make order."

In some countries, Galimberti saw mammoth collections of miniature cars, action figures, and airplanes that reflected the special interests of their owners. Elsewhere, he met children with just a single, cherished stuffed animal. In a Zambian village, Galimberti met a group of children who had no toys of their own but found fun playing with a box of sunglasses they found along the side of a road. Regardless of where he was in the world, Galimberti's method of gaining the kids' trust was the same. "I simply played with them," he said. "I always had my phone with me, and I had the photos of the children I photographed before on it. Sometimes it was just enough to show them the other photos to convince them to pose for me. I was really surprised to see how easy it was for children to understand my project."

Kids have a reputation for being clingy when it comes to their toys, but Galimberti found that for the most part it wasn't too hard to get the kids to relinquish them so he could set them up for the photo. "Generally speaking, I can say that it was easier in the poorest countries. Rich children tend to be more possessive of what they have, even if they usually have a lot more toys than children in poor countries," he said.

Toy Stories: Photos of Children From Around the World and Their Favorite Things is available from Abrams Images.

Jordan G. Teicher writes about photography for Slate's Behold blog. Follow him on Twitter.
MORE FROM SLATE: Raising a Child Dangerously How to Make Tofu Appealing to Children Teaching Tolerance

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Children Around The World With Their Most Prized Possessions

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If photographer Gabriele Galimberti has learned anything photographing children around the world with their favorite toys, it's that kids, no matter their circumstances, love to play. Galimberti was working on a separate project documenting couch surfers for the Italian magazine D, la Repubblica when he got the idea to make portraits of children with their most prized possessions.

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Breaking news and analysis from TIME.com. Politics, world news, photos, video, tech reviews, health, science and entertainment news.

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Photos From Around the World of Families and Their Possessions

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A family from Tokyo, settled on the sidewalk around their television, crowded by neatly organized electronic appliances, expelled closets, and prized heirloom pottery. Two wives, a husband, and their children in West Africa's Mali, on the roof of their hut with the tools of their agricultural toils.

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"As a child, that's your little space within the house," James Mollison, a Kenyan-born, England-raised, Venice-based photographer whose 2011 photo book, Where Children Sleep draws attention to a child's "material and cultural circumstances" and offers a remarkable view on class, poverty, and the diversity of children around the world.

After spending more than three years traveling the world from Senegal to Tokyo, Mollison's series include portraits of children in front of a white background accompanied by a single snapshot of their bedrooms, leaving the later to speak volumes about their the social and cultural circumstances that contribute to their lifestyle.

"I hope the book gives a a glimpse into the lives some children are living in very diverse situations around the world; a chance to reflect on the inequality that exists, and realize just how lucky most of us in the developed world are," Mollison.

Documenting his series in a book called Where Children Sleep, these striking images range from a mattress outside Rome to a bedroom filled with crowns and sashes. The book was, interestingly enough, written and designed for 9 to 13 year olds to learn about and better understand the diversity and disparity among children in the world. However, it has also proven to be an important photography series for adults. It's not just as an empathy tool; it's an insightful commentary on poverty, privilege, and human rights.

1. Dong, 9, Yunnan, China

Nine-year-old Dong shares a room with his parents, sister and grandfather in the province of Yunnan in southwest China. His family owns just enough land to grown their own rice and sugar cane.

2. Alyssa, 8, Harlan County, USA

Eight-year-old Alyssa lives in a small house in Kentucky, heated only by a wooden stove. Alyssa's father works at Walmart and mother works at McDonald's.

3. Alex, 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Unable to go to school, Alex spends his days begging on the streets and sleeping on whatever he can find at night - an empty bench, an old sofa, or the pavement.

4. Kaya, 4, Tokyo, Japan

Living with her parents in a small apartment in Tokyo, 4-year-old Kaya's bedroom looks like every little girl's dream room. All of Kaya's dresses are made by her mother - who makes up to three a month - and she has 30 dresses, coats, pairs of shoes, sandals and boots, and multiple wigs.

5. Prena, 14, Kathmandu, Nepal

Prena, a 14-year-old domestic worker in Kathmandu, Nepal works 13-hour days as a domestic worker, earns $6.50 a month, and sleeps in a tiny, cell-like space at the top of her employer's house. She goes to school three times a week and dreams of one day becoming a doctor.

6. Risa, 15, Kyoto, Japan

Living with 13 other women in a tea house in Kyoto, Japan, 15-year-old Risa is a "" - an apprentice geisha. She sleeps with five other women in a room that doubles as a dining room and a tea room.

7. Jaime, 9, New York, USA

Living in a top-floor apartment on Fifth Avenue in New York, 9-year-old Jaime likes to play the cello, kickball, and study his finances on the Citibank website. His parents also own luxury homes in the Hamptons and Spain.

8. Anonymous, 9, Ivory Coast

An orphan and refugee from war in Liberia, this 9-year-old boy goes to school in Ivory Coast for ex-child soldiers and lives in a concrete shack with some of his classmates.

9. Joey, 11, Kentucky, USA

Often accompanying his father on hunts, 11-year-old Joey owns two shotguns and a cross bow and made his first kill, a deer, at age seven. He lives with his parents and older sister in Kentucky and "is hoping to use his crossbow during the next hunting season as he has become tired of using a gun."

10. Indira, 7, Kathmandu, Nepal

Living with her parents, brother and sister near Kathmandu in Nepal, 7-year-old Indira works at a local granite quarry where she has worked at since she was 3. She also attends school and shares a mattress with her siblings. Their house has one room, one bed and one mattress.

11. Jasmine, 4, Kentucky, USA

Four-year-old Jasmine ("Jazzy") lives in a big house in Kentucky with her parents and three brothers. Her room is filled with crowns and sashes that she won in beauty pageants. Having entered more than 100 competitions so far, Jazzy enjoys being treated like a princess and would like to be a rock star when she grows up.

12. Ryuta, 10, Tokyo, Japan

Ryuta is a champion sumo wrestler and has been competing for seven years. He lives in Tokyo with his parents and younger sister and is also a member of the boy scout movement.

13. Anonymous, 4, Rome, Italy

This 4-year-old Romanian boy sleeps with his family on a mattress in a field on the outskirts of Rome. After begging for money to pay for tickets, his family came from Romania by bus. With no identity papers, his parents clean windscreens at traffic lights since they cannot obtain legal work. None of his family members have ever been to school.

14. Erlen, 14, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Living in a favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 14-year-old Erlen is pregnant for the third time. She usually sleeps on the floor but her mother has swapped places and allowed her to sleep on the bed during the later stages of her pregnancy. Erlen was 12 and 13 years old during her previous pregnancies, but lost both babies shortly after their births. If her new baby survives, she will be a single parent and will have to drop out of school.

15. Li, 10, Beijing, China

Ten-year-old Li is a perfectionist and lives with her parents in an apartment block in Beijing. She spends up to three hours every night working on her homework, " completing it to the highest standard."

16. Maria, 12, Mexico City, Mexico

Maria lives with her parents and older sister in a three-storied house set around a courtyard and behind security gates in Mexico City. Security is taken very seriously by her family since one of her cousins was kidnapped by a gang.

17. Bilal, 6, Wadi Abu Hindi, The West Bank

Six-year-old Bilal's family are Bedouin Arabs living in a one-room shack they built themselves besides an Israeli settlement at Wadi Abu Hindi in the West Bank. Bilal does not go to school yet but helps take care of his family's 15 goats.

18. Nantio, 15, Lisamis, Kenya

Nantio is a member of the Rendille tribe and lives with her two brothers and two sisters in a tent-like dome made from cattle hide and plastic, with little room to stand, in Lisamis, Kenya. She went to the village school for a few years but decided not to continue and is hoping a "moran" (warrior) will select her for marriage.

19. Roathy, 8, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Eight-year-old Roathy's home sits on a rubbish dump swarming with flies on the outskirts of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, where he sleeps on a mattress made from old tires. At 6 a.m. every morning, Roathy and hundreds of other children are given a shower and breakfast at a local charity center before he starts work - scavenging for plastic bottles and cans, which are then sold to a local recycling company. Breakfast is sometimes the only meal of the day.

20. Delanie, 9, New Jersey, USA

Delanie lives with her parents and younger brother and sister in a large house in New Jersey where each child has his or her own bedroom. She aspires to be a fashion designer and design her own clothes.

21. Rhiannon, 14, Darvel, Scotland

Rhiannon lives with her parents and brother in a terraced house in Darel, Scotland, in an area plagued with heroin addiction and gang violence. She and her family have become used to abusive behavior from people in the neighborhood. Sporting a mohawk like her parents' ever since she was six, Rhiannon and her family and friends are part of a punk subculture and have formed a community of support where they all look out for each other.

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21 Images of Where Children Sleep Around the World Paints a Powerful Picture of Inequality

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"As a child, that's your little space within the house," James Mollison, a Kenyan-born, England-raised, Venice-based photographer whose 2011 photo book, Where Children Sleep draws attention to a child's "material and cultural circumstances" and offers a remarkable view on class, poverty, and the diversity of children around the world.

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What do you consider to be the minimal conditions under which a human being should live? Make your own tree to see how human development in the world has changed.

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What is human development?

In 1990 the first Human Development Report introduced a new approach for advancing human wellbeing. Human development - or the human development approach - is about expanding the richness of human life, rather than simply the richness of the economy in which human beings live. It is an approach that is focused on people and their opportunities and choices.

People: human development focuses on improving the lives people lead rather than assuming that economic growth will lead, automatically, to greater wellbeing for all. Income growth is seen as a means to development, rather than an end in itself.

Opportunities: human development is about giving people more freedom to live lives they value. In effect this means developing people's abilities and giving them a chance to use them. For example, educating a girl would build her skills, but it is of little use if she is denied access to jobs, or does not have the right skills for the local labour market. Three foundations for human development are to live a long, healthy and creative life, to be knowledgeable, and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living. Many other things are important too, especially in helping to create the right conditions for human development, and some of these are in the table below. Once the basics of human development are achieved, they open up opportunities for progress in other aspects of life.

Choice: human development is, fundamentally, about more choice. It is about providing people with opportunities, not insisting that they make use of them. No one can guarantee human happiness, and the choices people make are their own concern. The process of development - human development - should at least create an environment for people, individually and collectively, to develop to their full potential and to have a reasonable chance of leading productive and creative lives that they value.

As the international community moves toward implementing and monitoring the 2030 agenda, the human development approach remains useful to articulating the objectives of development and improving people's well-being by ensuring an equitable, sustainable and stable planet.

The human development approach, developed by the economist Mahbub Ul Haq, is anchored in the Nobel laureate Amartya Sen's work on human capabilities, often framed in terms of whether people are able to "be" and "do" desirable things in life. Examples include

Beings: well fed, sheltered, healthy

Doings: work, education, voting, participating in community life.

Freedom of choice is central to the approach: someone choosing to be hungry (during a religious fast say) is quite different to someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food.

Ideas on the links between economic growth and development during the second half of the 20th Century also had a formative influence. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic growth emerged as leading indicator of national progress in many countries, yet GDP was never intended to be used as a measure of wellbeing.. In the 1970s and 80s development debate considered using alternative focuses to go beyond GDP, including putting greater emphasis on employment, followed by redistribution with growth, and then whether people had their basic needs met. These ideas helped pave the way for the human development (both the approach and its measurement).

Human Development Reports (HDRs) have been released most years since 1990 and have explored different themes through the human development approach. They have had an extensive influence on development debate worldwide. The reports, produced by the Human Development Report Office for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), are ensured of editorial independence by the United Nation's General Assembly. Indeed they are seen as reports to UNDP, not of UNDP. This allows each report greater freedom to explore ideas and constructively challenge policies. The reports have also inspired national and regional analyses which, by their nature, usually address issues that are more country - or regionally - specific. A library of reports is available here.

One of the more important achievements of the human development approach, as embodied in successive HDRs, has been to ensure a growing acceptance of the fact that monetary measures, such as GDP per capita, are inadequate proxies of development. The first Human Development Report introduced the Human Development Index (HDI) as a measure of achievement in the basic dimensions of human development across countries.

This somewhat crude measure of human development remains a simple unweighted average of a nation's longevity, education and income and is widely accepted in development discourse. Over the years, however, some modifications and refinements have been made to the index. Indeed, the critics of the HDI and their concerns have stimulated - and continue to stimulate - adjustments to the index and the development of companion indices which help paint a broader picture of global human development.

Take the Human Development Journey Course (2010), and online overview of human development (2 hours)
Mahbub ul Haq (1995) "The Advent of the Human Development Report" Chapter 3 from "Reflections on Human Development", Oxford University Press.

Amartya Sen (1999) "The ends and means of development" Chapter 2 from "Development as Freedom", Oxford University Press.

Selim Jahan (2002) "Evolution of the Human Development Index," Section 2 from "Handbook of Human Development", Oxford University Press.

France Stewart (2013) "Capabilities and Human Development: Beyond the individual - the critical role of social institutions and social competencies", Human Development Report Office Occasional Paper, 2013/03.

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In 1990 the first Human Development Report introduced a new approach for advancing human wellbeing. Human development - or the human development approach - is about expanding the richness of human life, rather than simply the richness of the economy in which human beings live.

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Gross Domestic Product has become the yardstick by which we measure a country's success. But, says Michael Green, GDP isn't the best way to measure a good society. His alternative? The Social Progress Index, which measures things like basic human needs and opportunity.

Analysts, reporters and big thinkers love to talk about Gross Domestic Product. Put simply, GDP, which tallies the value of all the goods and services produced by a country each year, has become the yardstick by which we measure a country's success. But there's a big, elephant-like problem with that: GDP only accounts for a country's economic performance, not the happiness or well-being of its citizens. With GDP, if your richest 100 people get richer, your GDP rises ... but most of your citizens are just as badly off as they were before.

That's one of the reasons the team that I lead at the Social Progress Imperative launched the Social Progress Index in 2014. The Social Progress Index determines what it means to be a good society according to three dimensions: Basic Human Needs (food, water, shelter, safety); Foundations of Wellbeing (basic education, information, health and a sustainable environment); and Opportunity (do people have rights, freedom of choice, freedom from discrimination, and access to higher education?)

Together, these 12 components form the Social Progress framework. We evaluated them using data from a wide variety of international sources ( see the full list) to assess 133 countries to come up with a ranking of the world's most socially progressive countries - and this year, for the first time, an overall progress score for the world. Here are six charts from the 2015 ranking that I think speak volumes.

Chart 1: The top 68 countries on The Social Progress Index
It's interesting, but not particularly surprising, that the results at the top of the 2015 Index are actually pretty similar to last year's. Social progress is less volatile than GDP, so the Social Progress Index isn't going to jump around from year to year.

Norway topped our list this year. If you look at its scorecard, it has exceptional scores across all three dimensions, having excellent access to water and sanitation, doing very well on basic education and offering great personal freedom and choice. Norway has a high GDP per capita, thanks to its abundance of natural resources. But this isn't always the case. Many resource-rich countries - from Kuwait to Angola - don't share the benefits of wealth so well and show low social progress relative to their GDP per capita. It may be the case that, because natural resource wealth doesn't require the same investments in human and social capital as broad-based economic growth, there isn't the same incentive for governments to make those investments. But whatever the reason may be, Norway should be a role model for other resource-rich countries.

Chart 2: A telling comparison: New Zealand vs. Norway
Countries can experience similar levels of social progress at vastly different levels of GDP per capita. New Zealand achieves a Social Progress score of 87.08, which is almost as high as Norway's 88.36, but at a GDP per capita that is half that of Norway: $32,808 versus $62,448.

If you look at New Zealand's scorecard, it does a bit better than Norway on opportunity - on personal rights in particular - and a little worse on personal safety and ecosystem sustainability.

What exactly is driving this? You'd have to ask the New Zealanders. Indeed, that's one of the things we hope to do next: identify role models for other countries and unpack how exactly they're doing the things they do well.

Chart 3: And another telling comparison: Ghana vs. Nigeria
Countries can also experience vastly different levels of social progress even if they have similar levels of GDP per capita. Ghana does better (58.29) on social progress than Nigeria (43.31) even though it has lower GDP - $3,864 versus $5,423.

What's going on here? Ghana out-performs Nigeria on almost every aspect of social progress, doing particularly well on personal rights and in providing access to information and communications, even though its economic status could be much stronger. Meanwhile, Nigeria is an underperformer. It is not turning economic resources into GDP very effectively. Nigeria needs an inclusive growth strategy to make sure that its oil wealth benefits the whole population.

Chart 4: The overachievers
Some countries over-perform on social progress relative to their GDP per capita. Costa Rica is the biggest aggregate over-performer, showing strength across all the dimensions. The key lesson here is that building social progress takes persistence. Costa Rica has had strong education, health and welfare systems for a long time, as well as a long democratic tradition. SPI measures outcomes - life expectancy, literacy rate - not inputs, like laws passed or money spent. There are no cheats or quick fixes.

For some countries, over-performance may actually be a sign of economic decline rather than progress. Overperformance is relative to GDP per capita, and GDP tends to rise and fall quickly, whereas SPI moves more slowly. If a country's GDP per capita falls rapidly while SPI takes much longer to decline, its performance relative to GDP per capita may look like it is improving. The over-performers of the former Soviet Union illustrate this point: Moldova, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have not done well economically over the last 20 to 25 years, but their social indicators are better than expected because of the legacy of investments in basic services made when they were part of the Soviet Union.

Chart 5: The underachievers
Countries affected by conflict often underperform, as do countries with natural resource wealth. But so do some of the world's leading industrial nations like the United States, France and Italy.

Put simply, societies that exclude people do less well in social progress. That's one of the reasons why the United States ranks 16th. The U.S. has some of the best healthcare in the world - but not for everyone. We see that exclusion across the U.S.' scorecard: lack of access to health care, lack of access to education, lack of access to information, lack of access to safety and even - relative to other rich country peers - lack of access to piped water.

Meanwhile, France and Italy have an important factor in common: both show weakness in opportunity, with low scores on private property rights, freedom of religion and tolerance of minorities. In addition, Italy's scorecard shows inflated levels of corruption, while France's shows the issue of discrimination against minorities. Both also are relatively weak on access to higher education.

One final note: it seems like fast-growing economies like China underperform on social progress. That's because their new wealth has not yet translated into better social outcomes: investments in education and healthcare may take time to bear fruit, or they haven't been made yet.

Chart 6: How the world is doing
This year, we worked out a Social Progress score for the world. We've taken the population-weighted average of all the countries and summed it up together. This gave a level of social progress that is 61 out of 100, which means that the average human being lives at a level of social progress somewhere between Cuba and Kazakhstan.

In the areas of nutrition, basic medical care and access to basic knowledge, the world scores a very high 85. Those areas have been focuses of the Millennium Development Goals, which to me says that the world can make progress. With economic growth and the right policies - helped in some cases by international aid - I think we can get the world close to the 100 maximum score on basic human needs and access to basic knowledge, as well as on water and sanitation (which is lagging a bit at the moment but which could improve dramatically). Access to information and communications should also improve a lot, driven by technology bringing down the cost and increasing access to mobile phones and internet. Access to higher education is also likely to improve as countries get richer.

But big questions hang over personal safety, personal rights, personal freedom, and tolerance and inclusion. Countries will need to make better choices to improve these. Some countries have chosen not to prioritize personal rights; that's been part of their development strategy - to focus on growth and keep authoritarianism. And then tolerance and inclusion is low because countries of all levels of income struggle with these issues. If we think about what's going on in the world with the Islamic State or Charlie Hebdo or Buddhist extremists in Myanmar, the question of how we're going to live together in societies of tolerance and inclusion is really important. Often, that's seen as a separate issue - not part of what development is about.

But most worrying of all are health and wellness and ecosystem sustainability, because we find that these don't improve with rising wealth. As you industrialize, even if you care a bit more about nature, you start consuming more resources. With health, we're not just looking at life expectancy, we're also looking at things like obesity rate, deaths from air pollution, suicide rates - which don't get better if you get richer. These areas aren't going to improve unless we do something different. It's time to start coming up with new solutions.

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Why we shouldn't judge a country by its GDP

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Analysts, reporters and big thinkers love to talk about Gross Domestic Product. Put simply, GDP, which tallies the value of all the goods and services produced by a country each year, has become the yardstick by which we measure a country's success.

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Legatum Prosperity Index 2018 :: Legatum Prosperity Index 2018

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Visit the Legatum Prosperity Index 2018 to see how prosperity is forming and changing across the world. www.prosperity.com @LegatumInst

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How is the Happy Planet Index calculated?

The Happy Planet Index combines three elements to show how efficiently residents of different countries are using environmental resources to lead long, happy lives.

Why do we need the Happy Planet Index?

The Happy Planet Index provides a compass to guide nations towards genuine progress, and shows that it is possible to live good lives without costing the Earth.

Who is behind the Happy Planet Index?

The Happy Planet Index is powered by a group of collaborators who believe that the twenty-first century should be defined by the pursuit of good lives that do not cost the Earth.

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Happy Planet Index 2021 Launch Event recap

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Costa Rica tops the Happy Planet Index, beating Western economies on sustainable wellbeing

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Press Release - Global

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Happy Planet Index - How happy Is the planet

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The 2017 How's Life? report shows the latest data on well-being in 35 OECD and 6 partner countries. It describes how inequalities touch many different aspects of people's lives, examining well-being gaps by gender, age, education and income, and migration status. It also looks at governance and well-being.

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We help decision-makers create inclusive and sustainable growth. Our global, national, and local Social Progress Indexes and custom-designed data insight tools provide an evidence-based approach to inform and empower action to drive social and environmental progress.

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Hans Rosling: 200 Countries, 200 Years, in 4 Minutes

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Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100

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living on one dollar day guatemala poverty beans rice college kids research microfinance

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From living in a tent in a Syrian refugee camp to working as radish farmers and surviving on one dollar a day in Guatemala, we are pioneering a new style of documentary film-making, using immersive storytelling to raise awareness and inspire action around pressing global issues.

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Education resources for schools teachers and students - ABC Education

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ABC Education has 4000+ educational games, videos and teaching resources for schools and students. Free Primary and Secondary resources covering history, science, English, maths and more

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Education resources for schools teachers and students - ABC Education

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ABC Education has 4000+ educational games, videos and teaching resources for schools and students. Free Primary and Secondary resources covering history, science, English, maths and more