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http://help.encoding.com/knowledge-base/article/understanding-bitrates-in-video-files/

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Useful terms, descriptions and links including mathematical and computational concepts / methods

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Useful terms, descriptions and links including mathematical and computational concepts / methods

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A device or program that compresses data to enable faster transmission and decompresses received data.

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Metadata is data that describes other data. Meta is a prefix that in most information technology usages means "an underlying definition or description."

In context, data describing the dimensions, file type etc of a video.  For example YouTube needs this information to display the video correctly, particularly when it supports 360 and 3D videos etc.

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Images, eg scanned/downloaded photos

Computer generated graphics, eg logos, interface elements

Computer generated images, eg graphics that look lifelike

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http://vector-conversions.com/vectorizing/raster_vs_vector.html

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http://www.wings3d.com/?page_id=490

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_file_formats

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Ant-Man Opening Scene (De-Aged Michael Douglas)

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How files (including digital graphics are stored in computer memory)

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How files (including digital graphics are stored in computer memory)

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https://www.quora.com/How-does-the-computer-memory-store-media-files

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**Award Winning** CGI 3D Animated Short Film:  "Dustin"  - by The Dustin Team | TheCGBros

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Characteristics of Digital Graphics 1-3 Flashcards | Quizlet

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Start studying Characteristics of Digital Graphics 1-3. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.

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Initially when animations started with paper ( 2D Animation), people had a perception that it was restricted to only drawing and cartoons. As the industry matured with computers being introduced, the perception changed to flashy, photo-realistic or cartoonish productions for web games, movies, video games etc.

Today, animation has convinced professionals from various fields that it should not be restricted to a skill set, but should be used as a medium of expression or communication. For instance, when you use animation in education, it can used to explain theory and concepts to students in a more convincing manner.

In truth, animation is used in a variety of industries away from the big screen or consoles. Computer animation is a very practical tool with useful applications in a variety of fields. Let us take a look at some industries which use animation, but are not related to the media & entertainment sectors.

Medical Animation

A medical animation is a short educational film, usually based around a physiological or surgical topic, rendered using 3D computer graphics. While it may be intended for a variety of audiences, medical animation is most commonly utilized as an instructional tool for medical professionals or their patients.
Check out this video demo of animation used in medicine:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnpLm9fzYxU

Architecture Visualization

Architectural Animation is a short architectural movie created on a computer. A computer-generated building is created along with landscaping and sometimes moving people & vehicles.

Take a look at this video that illustrates the use of animation in architecture:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GkS4IGg85A

Mechanical Animation

Using computer modeling and animation to create virtual models of products and mechanical designs can save companies thousands to millions of dollars, by cutting down on development costs. Working in a virtual world can let developers eliminate a lot of problems that would normally require extensive physical test models & experimentation.

Here's a video that shows how animation is useful in the manufacturing sector:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JGFORq1GRU&feature=related

Forensic Animation

Forensic animation is a branch of forensics in which animated recreation of incidents are created to aid investigators & help solve cases. Examples include the use of computer animation, stills, and other audio visual aids. Check out this video to understand how animation helps forensic experts.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_e-glmF5U4

Animation in Education

Animation has recently become a popular tool in classroom teaching and learning. The book, Learning with Animation (2007), notes that the use of animation can actually increase interest & motivation in learning.

Many companies & production houses have started producing training content in the form of animation. As the training & education industry is massive and the content delivered is huge, there is a great demand for content taught with the help of animation.
Refer to this video for a demonstration of learning via animation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXrcdy8z8To

Similarly animation is also used in various other industries. The scope of a career after doing an animation course is therefore unlimited. With the right skill & training, you can hold a creative job in any industry today.

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Use of Computer Animation in Industries other than Media and Entertainment

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Initially when animations started with paper ( 2D Animation), people had a perception that it was restricted to only drawing and cartoons. As the industry matured with computers being introduced, the perception changed to flashy, photo-realistic or cartoonish productions for web games, movies, video games etc.

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Historic origin of animation - (Stop motion)

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Historic origin of animation - (Stop motion)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen

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So why should a small business either develop or strengthen its presence online?

Clearly the world of technology, digital marketing and social media is having a significant impact on how we behave socially, act as consumers and how we do business so it could be fair to say that any business that does not adapt to the new era of marketing and communications is in danger of losing out. However, whilst I am passionate about all things digital I suggest you don't blinker your vision and miss out on any traditional media that your customers and prospects use and what currently works. It could be that a blended strategy of traditional and digital marketing can still yield returns for your business.

Here is how I see the 10 benefits of Digital Marketing v. Traditional Marketing:

1. Level playing field: Any business can compete with any competitor regardless of size with a solid digital marketing strategy. Traditionally a smaller retailer would struggle to match the finesse of the fixtures and fittings of its larger competitors. Online, a crisp well thought out site with a smooth customer journey and fantastic service is king - not size.

2. Reduced cost: Your business can develop its online marketing strategy for very little cost and can potentially replace costly advertising channels such as Yellow Pages, television, radio and magazine.

3. Simple to measure: Unlike traditional methods you can see in real time what is or is not working for your business online and you can adapt very quickly to improve your results. For measuring traffic to your site you can use Google Analytics to measure specific goals you want to achieve for your website or blog and most packaged email marketing solutions provide good insight into how many people are opening, reading and converting from your emails.

4. Real time results: you don't have to wait weeks for a boost to your business like you would have to waiting for a fax or form to be returned. You can see the numbers of visitors to your site and its subscribers increase, peak trading times, conversion rates and much more at the touch of a button.

5. Refinement of your strategy: Basically anything that you capture in your customer journey can be reported on and honed for greater success at the fraction of the cost of traditional marketing. After all, how annoying is it to get a couple of forms returned from a mailshot. Marketing online enables you to refine your strategy at any point in time and see any improvements or opportunities for further refinement almost instantaneously.

6. Brand Development: A well maintained website with quality content targeting the needs and adding value to your target audience can provide significant value and lead generation opportunities. The same can be said for utilising social media channels and personalised email marketing.

7. Far greater exposure: your business can be seen anywhere in the world from one marketing campaign, the cost to do this using traditional methods would be considerable. Plus once you have optimised the key word search content in your website you should see a long-term return on your investment and will be fairly low cost to maintain your ranking.

8. Viral: how often do your sales flyers get passed around instantly by your customers and prospects? Online, using social media share buttons on your website, email and social media channels enables your message to be shared incredibly quickly, just look how effective it is for sharing breaking news. If you consider the average facebook user has 190 friends of which an average of 12% see their liked posts - your one message has actually been seen by 15 new prospects, now imagine a number of them also like and share your message and their friends do the same? Mind blowing isn't it. However a word of caution, bad news can travel much quicker so make sure you have a risk management strategy to tackle negative press as soon as it is circulated.

9. Not Intrusive: I know most people hate receiving sales mailshots or phone calls at inconvenient times on stuff that they have little interest in. Online people get the choice to opt in or out of communications and often it is relevant because they were the ones searching for it in the first place. Also, have you ever got frustrated receiving a regular email on a topic that interests and adds value to you? Nor me so don't underestimate the power of market segmentation and tailored marketing.

10. Greater engagement: With digital marketing you can encourage your prospects, clients and followers to take action, visit your website, read about your products and services, rate them, buy them and provide feedback which is visible to your market. So it doesn't take long for good publicity to enhance the prospects of your business.

I would be keen to hear your views and online marketing challenges, perhaps I can provide some ideas in my next blog post.

Happy Digital Marketing!

Rob Faulkner, author of www.totallydigitalmarketing.com.
Get three emails a week with the best content about entrepreneurs.

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10 Benefits of Digital Marketing v. Traditional Marketing

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So why should a small business either develop or strengthen its presence online? Clearly the world of technology, digital marketing and social media is having a significant impact on how we behave socially, act as consumers and how we do business so it could be fair to say that any business that does not adapt to the new era of marketing and communications is in danger of losing out.

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STICK MAN Repository - download .STK files

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STICK MAN Repository - download .STK files

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Welcome to the Stk section. Here you'll find the largest database of quality sticks on the web. Each one is hand chosen to live up to our standards. If you want to share a stick of your own here, go ahead and donate it . We will review it shortly after.

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The humble gif is turning 30. The multi-purpose bitmap image format has established itself as part of internet culture, so much so that people have almost stopped arguing over how it is pronounced (overwhelmingly it is with a hard g, although the inventor of the format says he meant for it to be a soft g).

The gif, or graphics interchange format, was created by programmer Steve Wilhite, who longed for an image format that could be used across different computer platforms. At the time, in 1987, this included the likes of Atari, Apple and IBM. Plus modem speeds were slow and images took a long ... time ... to ... load.

In the beginning, gifs on the internet were mostly used as design accents for websites, before their current widespread use as the internet currency for expressions and feelings - so-called "reaction gifs". Indeed, gifs are part of the online trend for expressing ourselves without proper words, alongside emoticons, emojis and abbreviations. The cry-laugh emoji was named Oxford Dictionaries' US 'word' of the year in 2015, but "gif" took this honour in 2012.

Meanwhile, Facebook added gifs to Messenger in 2015, and to celebrate the big 3-o will add them to comments. Even Twitter, which is well known for introducing features absolutely nobody wants, surprised us all by adding the in-platform gif function in 2016. Gif keyboards are also now common, with Apple adding one to Messages in iOS 10 and Google's Gboard launched with gif support in 2016. The expansion in web-based, app and downloadable gif editors means many more people are making their own gifs too, with pre-existing ones catalogued in online repositories such as Giphy.

So, where does the gif go from here? Well, there have been some pretty darn creative innovations in the format to the point it is becoming a legitimate art medium in its own right, with IRL exhibitions and everything. In honour of the gif's exit from its heady 20s, here are some iconic examples (and some personal favourites):

Deal with it

Deal-with-it gifs have been around a long time, and are now so popular that list pieces have collated the best ones. They usually consist of a pair of pixelated sunglasses dropping onto a nonchalant character imploring the viewer to, well, "deal with it". The first use was a version with an animated dog back in 2010 on the site Dump.fm. But I am particularly fond of the Ferris Bueller inspired version above.

Dancing baby

Dancing baby was born way back in 1996 by two animators at a video games company. A fellow worker at LucasArts emailed a video of the animation around the office and, boom, the baby became a phenomenon via email chains. It even appeared in the late-90s legal drama Ally McBeal as one of the neurotic McBeal's recurring hallucinations.

Michael Jackson eating popcorn

The popcorn-eating trope is a well known reaction to observing a good old online argument or Twitter beef. Fortunately, there are many popcorn-eating gifs. Unfortunately, virtually everyone on Twitter chooses the first available on its gif menu, which is the Jackson version (taken from his video for Thriller). Second most popular is Jon Stewart eating popcorn.

Dumpster fire

"Dumpster fire", shorthand for complete disaster, is truly a term for our times. In particular, a gif of a dumpster fire in Los Angeles was wildly shared in the run-up to Donald Trump winning the 2016 election. Another popular fire-themed reaction gif is a scene from Community in which Donald Glover arrives, pizza in hand, at a burning apartment.

David Bowie's ch-ch-changes

Helen Green is aBritish illustrator, and in 2016 went viral with her gif featuring drawings of every single one of Bowie's hairstyles from 1964-2014.

Basically all cinemagraphs

One of the most beautiful gif forms is the cinemagraph, which features a single animated element in an otherwise static shot. There are way too many examples, from traffic moving along New York streets to milk being poured into coffee, but all of them are transfixing.

Thieving raccoon

One of my all time favourites is the cunning raccoon stealing food from underneath the noses of two cats before scampering away. This cat-burglar was popularised circa 2013 on social sites Imgur and Reddit, where it took off on r/AnimalsBeingJerks. Of course people have had fun with it, adding their own narrations. It still raises a smile.

Please allow us to appreciate your favourite, weirdest or funniest gifs below.

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Gifs: 30 years of reactions, dancing babies and popcorn

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The humble gif is turning 30. The multi-purpose bitmap image format has established itself as part of internet culture, so much so that people have almost stopped arguing over how it is pronounced (overwhelmingly it is with a hard g, although the inventor of the format says he meant for it to be a soft g).

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A competition was held to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Pivot animator and the release of Pivot v4. Nine winners were chosen. All animations were created using Pivot v4, which you can download below. Watch in HD for best quality. http://pivotanimator.net or visit the Facebook page http://www.facebook.com/pivotanimatorofficial

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6-Minute speed course storyboarding with J. Todd Anderson (Coen brothers storyboarder)

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Take a 6-minute speed course storyboarding with Coen Brothers' storyboard artist J. Todd Anderson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0026824/

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Eyes On Cinema @RealEOC presents: Eyes On UFOs

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The art of storyboarding with Ridley Scott

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Old Spice | The Man Your Man Could Smell Like

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This is "Expedia 'One Actor'" by Exit Films on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them.

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Road Safety Commercial Think Hit At 30mph 80% Of People Live

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Road traffic safety aims to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, and property damage) resulting from crashes of road vehicles. Harm from road traffic crashes is greater than that from all other transportation modes (air, sea, space, off-terrain, etc.) combined. Road traffic safety deals exclusively with road traffic crashes how to reduce their number and their consequences.

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a eccentric man wrestle a bear in order to get the salmon

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Fwd to 5mins in.

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TWiT Specials: The making of Old Spice's commercial: The Man Your Man Could Smell Like

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Leo interviews Craig Allen and Eric Kallman of Wieden + Kennedy to find out how Old Spice "The Man Your Man Could Smell Like" was made. For more coverage of tech news, visit http://live.twit.tv

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1.       Your Priority is to finish your Animation film using Adobe Premiere

It needs to have the following

a-      Music – copyright free music from the FREE MUSIC ARCHIVE.  Use INSTRUMENTAL music that compliments the mood you are trying to create

b-      SOUND FX – Use SOUNDDOGS to get MP3 previews – the whole film should have SOUND FX.  Remember to get background sound fx eg if your action takes place in a street then find street noises.

c-       Use the title tool to add in titles at the start & end
D  - Export to AVI after you have shown it to Ian for Feedback

2.       You need to storyboard your animation as part of the research and planning. 10 frames minimum.

3. In a word document titled " Skills Development with PIVOT " you are going to take screen grabs of your OLD animations and write about what you have learned using PIVOT.  The learning objective is to demonstrate how your PIVOT skills have developed over a few weeks.  Be critical.  Discuss Strengths and weaknesses.  What did you find difficult to master???

4. Peer to Peer Feedback sheet.

5. Evaluation of your production discussing strengths and weaknesses, refer to feedback and discussion of initial ideas.

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1.  Animation - is the movement of your characters Smooth, Floppy & Naturalistic??
2. Does it have Titles, Transitions, Sound Fx & Music - exported as AVI
3. How Professional does this look? Smooth fades & transitions?

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4. Dab

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5. Do you knoe de wey