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was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with freedom of assembly

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s a false and unprivileged statement of fact that is harmful to someone's reputation, and published "with fault," meaning as a result of negligence or malice

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oral defamation, in which someone tells one or more persons an untruth about another, which untruth will harm the reputation of the person defamed.

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The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.

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Excessive bail shall not be required

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In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

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Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.

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segregation by fact

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Lemon v. Kurtzman which is used to asses whether a law violates the Establishment Clause.

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The Supreme Court case that held that the Constitution protected a woman's right to an abortion prior to the viability of the fetus; thus, government regulation of abortions must meet strict scrutiny in judicial review.

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It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

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It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.

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Freedom of speech, religion and more

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A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

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No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

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In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartialjury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonablesearches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

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landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys.

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When a court concludes that there is no fundamental liberty interest or suspect classification at stake, the law is presumed to be Constitutional unless it fails therational basis test.

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judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

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landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts

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racist laws of the south

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Literacy test is a test that determines the qualification of a voter based on his/her his ability to read and write or ability to read and understand any section of the State or Federal Constitution. Initially, the test was implemented by the federal government first employed as part of the immigration process.

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the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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the exclusionary rule is a legal rule, based on constitutional law, saying that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is sometimes inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law.

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the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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Suspect classification. A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination. Any statute that makes a distinction between individuals based on any of the suspect classifications (ie. alienage, race) will be subject to a strict scrutiny standard of review before the Supreme Court.

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reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).

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Frankfurter and White took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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An action that symbolizes ones views

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landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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1. an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination

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upheld the general principle of affirmative action.

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Speech and an action

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fair treatment through the normal judicial system