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Courtly love is when the male admits his love for a desired person but they are cruel and don't love them back.
Began in France in the 12th century and spread to other European countries. At the time marriages were arranged.

Courtly love had many rules

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The concept of a Petrarchan lover came from Petrarch's sonnets. He wrote a series of sonnets about a woman whom he had never spoken to, the main point of the sonnet being that the love is unrequited. An example of a Petrarchan Lover is Romeo and his love for Rosaline. This is because the lack of returned affection is meant to make you get a flu/ cold, and Romeo becomes "sick"/"sad" when Rosaline does not   Like him back.

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Was first dominated by the Portuguese and Spanish. It then spread to England.

Sir Francis drake was a well known English explorer.

They have many trading routes. Distant land opportunities were explored and lead to wealth fame and power

Pirates linked to slave trade cannot be looked down upon and they stole gold and silver and other important treasures

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Became poet Lauriat of Rome in 1340
The poets address ladies and describes her beauty with superlatives
Gives credit of work to the women
Work came from direct perception

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Alchemy my was the process of medieval chemistry work of trying to convert basic metals such as lead into gold therefore creating profits for non precious metals. Another goal that alchemists has was to create a philosophers store which could make all metals into gold as well as giving immortality. Many alchemists in the late 16th century attempted to make potions that were both medicinal and magical that when drunk would have the ability to give immortality

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In tradition, the male lover would pronounce his undying love to a woman, but she would feign disinterest and appear unobtainable. This would create a playful discourse (basically sexual tension). The concept is meant to emphasise nobility and chivalry of men and has become a set of social practices. "A game of love."

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Astronomy is the study of celestial bodies and the belief that they can have the power to change people's lives. In the Elizabethan era astronomy played a huge part in people's lives. As a result of science not being advanced people would look to the planets and stars for answers to many questions. Some of the things that people relied on astronomy for was things such as medical diagnosis, when farmers should plant crops, life predictions etc.

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Elizabethans strongly believed in astrology and the study of celestial bodies. These bodies were believed to effect people's lives.
People would pay to consult astrologists, even the queen consulted one asking when she should coronnated.
The church did not fully approve of astrology as it related to witchcraft and black magic.
Shakespeare commonly used celestial imagery in his work, for example calling Romeo and Juliet 'star-crossed lovers'

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Astrology was used a lot in Elizabethan literature, including in some of Shakespeare's work- "star-crossed lovers". There are different types of astrology, including Natal astrology: which told people what kind of person they would be and what kind of life they would live. Medical astrology: told people about the body and illnesses. Electional astrology: told people when the best time was to do something. The queen even had her own astrologer, John Dee, whom predicted her horoscope.

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Alchemy is the creation of life extending medicines and it can also change one metal into another metal. John dee and George ruploy were well known alchemists. There were many goals one being they wanted to make a philosopher stone which was supposed to create immortality. They wrote things in riddles so that it stopped non educated people from taking there theories and us using them. The riddles meant that it had to be decoded before being understood. They turned metal into gold which was a valued substance at that time.

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It was an age of scientific curiosity

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There were many rules within courtly love. Knights and ladies were not forbidden to have relationships andit  was not uncommon to have them show affection to one another and ladies often have favoured knights thry gave tokens to before battle. The origins came from Aquitaine in France in the 12th c. Marraiges were often arranged and nothing to do with love but to secure wealth and material goods.
Widowhood must last two years.

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Alchemists can be split into two groups, the first group studied new compounds and their reactions, while the other group focused on the spiritual side of it. Experimental alchemy (the first group) led to the discover of new Algamams (combined elements). Another goal of the Alchemists was to find a philosophers geometry, which was believed to turn ordinary metals into gold and give immortality.

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Commercial motives of voyaging - eastern spices in demand, precious stones and resources available like gold, wood and drugs.
Tools like the compass were helpful to voyagers and telescopes and maps.
Wanted profitable trading routes.

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Petrarchan love came from a poet named Petrarch who wrote sonnets based on a woman who he had not even conversed with but had fallen head over heels in love with. He is sometimes referred to as the first writer of the renaissance. In 1340 he became poet lauriat of Rome. In his sonnets he addresses a woman called Laura or another traditional name and talks about how she is the image and object of love and beauty. Within his work he uses a wide range of oxymorons and has a specific structure and form throughout.

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It is the study of celestial bodies(people that make links to stars and planets) and there beliefs which impact people's lives. The queen had her own astrologer (John Dee) he predicted her horoscope.Because the science wasn't advanced they used to the stars and planets to help with medical diagnoses and life predictions.

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Main goals: turn scrap metal into gold, gold was seen as the most pure substance on earth. They also wanted to create the philosophers stone for immortality

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This period of time meant the art of ocean navigation progressed largely, and things like telescopes, astrolabe, charts and maps, quadrants and other pieces of equipment were developed greatly. Many motives prompted this age of discovery including scientific curiosity, desire to spread Christianity and desire to acquire wealth, fame and power.

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Petrarchan lover comes from Petrarch and his sonnets.