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Akhenaton’s new ways of thinking
affected art. As Lesson 3 explained, Egyptian
artwork usually tried to show perfect beauty.
Under Akhenaton, that changed. For the first time,
a pharaoh was shown realistically. For example,
carvings of Akhenaton show his large stomach.

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Priests who served the other gods suddenly lost power. They became furious. They also feared that the
pharaoh’s actions had angered the old gods. To avoid conflict with those priests, Akhenaton moved about 200 miles away from them to a new capital city called Akhetaton

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Queen Hatshepsut as a
pharaoh. She was the wife of a
pharaoh who died soon after he
took power. Hatshepsut then ruled
with her stepson, Thutmose 3
. In 1472 B.C.,
she declared herself the only ruler.
She wore a false beard reserved for
pharaohs alone.
Trade Grows Unlike other New

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When Akhenaton became
pharaoh in 1353 B.C., he lifted a sun god called Aton to the
highest status. He then closed the temples of other gods. In this
way, he promoted the worship of one god for the first time in
Egyptian history.

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Unlike other New
Kingdom pharaohs, Hatshepsut did
not only expand Egypt by waging
war. She also wanted to make Egypt
richer through trade. Her biggest
trading expedition crossed the
eastern desert to the Red Sea.

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History of Ancient Egypt: The New Kingdom

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The New Kingdom included some of Egypt’s most powerful
rulers. These pharaohs set up a new capital city of Thebes,
450 miles south of the old capital at Memphis. They
strengthened Egypt by expanding the empire.

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After ruling 15 years, Hatshepsut disappeared.
She may have died peacefully, or Thutmose III may have killed
her. After her death, Thutmose became pharaoh and tried to
destroy all records of Hatshepsut’s reign. We know about her
because archaeologists restored her damaged temple and tomb.