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Investigation in the greenhouse gas effect - Carbon dioxide

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Equipment list
- 500g of calcium carbonate powder

- 750ml of 0.1M HCl

- Three 1.5L plastic bottles

- Water tub

- Delivery tube
- Flask that can be linked with the delivery tube

- Incandescent light bulb

- Shovel
- Container

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1. Connect one end of the delivery tube to a plastic bottle containing soil and a thermometer standing upright. Make sure that the plastic bottle is completely sealed
2. Set the temperature reading on the thermometer the same as the other one at room temperature.
3. Prepare another plastic bottle with the same amount of soil and the same type of thermometer. Close the lid of the bottle.
4. Place the bottles aligned next to each other with a heat lamp in between them.

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5. In a test tube, put 500g of calcium carbonate powder.
6. Using a measuring cylinder, prepare 750ml of hydrochloric acid.
7. As soon as hydrochloric acid goes into the test tube containing calcium carbonate powder, close the tube with the other end of the delivery tube.
8. As gas produced by the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid transports into the plastic bottle, turn on the heat lamp.
9. After 20 minutes, compare the temperature indicated on the two thermometers.

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The results of the experiment showed that temperature increase in the presence of carbon dioxide was greater than that in the presence of oxygen.

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Conduct an experiment about observing the temperature change triggered by the production of carbon dioxide. We will set three sets of an experiment using a different mass of calcium carbonate, and repeat two to three times.

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Global warming: A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.

Carbon dioxide : one of the most significant greenhouse gases

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An average increase in global temperature is 0.8 degrees Celsius. Rising temperature quickens the melting process of permafrost on mountain summits and in the Arctic.

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- The impact of a gas depends on its ability to absorb longwave radiation & its concentration in the atmosphere

- The warmed Earth emits longer wavelength radiation (heat)
- Longer wave radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases that retain the heat in the atmosphere

- Global temperatures and climate patterns are influenced by concentrations of greenhouse gases

- There is a correlation between rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide since the beginning of the industrial revolution & the average global temperatures

- Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide --> due to increases in the combustion of fossilized organic matter

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We were not able to execute the experiment as planned, since we couldn't find a ‘proper’ source of heat (heat lamp malfunction). This meant that we had to improvise, so we used a computer model instead. The model, calculating the number of infrared photons in the atmosphere in relation to visible photons from the sun and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, yielded the expected results. The model showed a positive correlation between carbon dioxide levels and number of infrared photons in the atmosphere at any one time. Further research allowed us to realise that this was due to carbon dioxide molecules interfering with the escape of infrared radiation reflected from the Earth’s surface.

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Reduction of carbon dioxide emission (The most obvious and effective way is to reduce the usage of fossil fuels (non-renewable energy source)

⇒ E.g Walk, cycle or take public transport, Education in becoming energy-efficient (E.g Turning off the light, plug out the not using electricities… etc)