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They grew rich on the strength of the Trans-Saharan trade

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They grew rich on the strength of the Trans-Saharan trade

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Muhammad

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The Soninke were skilled in iron work for farming and military use

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The Soninke were skilled in iron work for farming and military use

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Timbuktu

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People of Ancient Ghana were the Soninke and spoke Mande and Bantu

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People of Ancient Ghana were the Soninke and spoke Mande and Bantu

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Niger River

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Salt - Gold were major trade goods through the Sahara

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Mali was one of the richest nations and was home to one of the greatest emperors, Mansa Musa.

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Mali was one of the richest nations and was home to one of the greatest emperors, Mansa Musa.

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Rosetta Stone found 1799 by French - Allowed for greater study of ancient egyptian history/culture

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Rosetta Stone found 1799 by French - Allowed for greater study of ancient egyptian history/culture

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built schools, intellectual centers at Gao, Walata, Timbuctu, Djenne, schools taught law, hygiene, ethnography and medicine to name a few

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built schools, intellectual centers at Gao, Walata, Timbuctu, Djenne, schools taught law, hygiene, ethnography and medicine to name a few

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Fari were chosen governors, Noi were the admin enforcing Sharia law

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Fari were chosen governors, Noi were the admin enforcing Sharia law

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Askia Muhammad Ruler of the Songhai empire from 1493 to 1528 who expanded the empire and organized its government Achievements: first recorded African ruler who recruited a professional army who recruited a professional army of prisoners of war and other non-free persons.

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Askia Muhammad Ruler of the Songhai empire from 1493 to 1528 who expanded the empire and organized its government Achievements: first recorded African ruler who recruited a professional army who recruited a professional army of prisoners of war and other non-free persons.

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Sunni Baru ruled Songhay for only 14 months. He was a traditionalist, sided with non-Muslims and to accept Islam.

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Sunni Baru ruled Songhay for only 14 months. He was a traditionalist, sided with non-Muslims and to accept Islam.

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Sunni Al Ber 1464-1492 given credit for making Songhay the most powerful Kingdom in West Africa.

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Sunni Al Ber 1464-1492 given credit for making Songhay the most powerful Kingdom in West Africa.

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Founders were Sorko people in the 7th century CE at Gao near the bend of the Niger River

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Founders were Sorko people in the 7th century CE at Gao near the bend of the Niger River

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Decline in 700 reduced to Tigre, no more sea port in 710, insufficient food due to overexploitation, lost trade profits, rise of Islam and Beja nomads

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Decline in 700 reduced to Tigre, no more sea port in 710, insufficient food due to overexploitation, lost trade profits, rise of Islam and Beja nomads

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Pop culture food, dress codes, Ge'ez, writing by 600 CE, system of education from elementary all the way to poetry, lit, music

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Pop culture food, dress codes, Ge'ez, writing by 600 CE, system of education from elementary all the way to poetry, lit, music

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Military Was highly departmentalized with a navy and army (with both an infantry and cavalry). Conquered peoples served as auxiliary units.

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Military Was highly departmentalized with a navy and army (with both an infantry and cavalry). Conquered peoples served as auxiliary units.

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Astar (most important god of Heaven) Anshar, the Moon god Kisha, the Sun goddess Mahrem, the Ethiopian god of the Emperor and of War

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Astar (most important god of Heaven) Anshar, the Moon god Kisha, the Sun goddess Mahrem, the Ethiopian god of the Emperor and of War

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King was descendent of God, Christian Ezana instituted resettlement policy to stave off revolts

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King was descendent of God, Christian Ezana instituted resettlement policy to stave off revolts

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during the 300 and 400 cs, traded especially salt, extensive trading partners, luxury goods like copper, gold, frankinsense, myrrh, imported stuff from India and Egypt

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during the 300 and 400 cs, traded especially salt, extensive trading partners, luxury goods like copper, gold, frankinsense, myrrh, imported stuff from India and Egypt

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gave birth to Ge'ez and Ge'ez script, like Amharic

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gave birth to Ge'ez and Ge'ez script, like Amharic

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offspring of Ethiopians and Sabeans from Saba (S/W Arabia) from 6th C BCE, intermarriage = new ruling group of Cheifs, powerful state by 200 CE

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offspring of Ethiopians and Sabeans from Saba (S/W Arabia) from 6th C BCE, intermarriage = new ruling group of Cheifs, powerful state by 200 CE

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Developments, admin, polit org, mil org, development of Axumite identity

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Developments, admin, polit org, mil org, development of Axumite identity

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Axum rise 2nd C, more powerful, ancestral state of Ethiopia/Eritrea, Christian under King Ezana

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Axum rise 2nd C, more powerful, ancestral state of Ethiopia/Eritrea, Christian under King Ezana

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Decline due to Land overexploitation, decline of Rome, rise of Axum,

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Decline due to Land overexploitation, decline of Rome, rise of Axum,

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Height of power under King Netekamani, from 12 BCE to 12 CE, developed local language, added lion god Apedemek, distinct pottery

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Height of power under King Netekamani, from 12 BCE to 12 CE, developed local language, added lion god Apedemek, distinct pottery

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military Formed by hunters, war elephants,

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military Formed by hunters, war elephants,

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Powerful monarch from single royal family, mother had important role, 8 female rulers from 177 BCE to 314 CE

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Powerful monarch from single royal family, mother had important role, 8 female rulers from 177 BCE to 314 CE

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mixed farming due to extensive rainfall, smelting iron, hardwood timber

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mixed farming due to extensive rainfall, smelting iron, hardwood timber