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Who: Edward Jenner, a British physician.
What: Edward Jenner introduced the vaccination that can make people not get smallpox. During the making of this it was very dangerous.
When: In the late 1700's, this was introduced.
Where: In the United Kingdom, where he was from.
Why: At the time it the vaccination was a dangerous idea because they were putting germs in someone. Although it was dangerous, Jenner was able to make the first vaccination using smallpox.
How: This is very important for the world because vaccinations are still used today to prevent people from getting diseases. The vaccinations have evolved, now they can prevent people from getting the flu, chicken pox, etc.

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Tools for the Weather and the Temperature

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Tools for the Weather and the Temperature

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Who: Evangelista Torricelli, a physicist, who was one of Galileo's students, German physicist, Gabriel Fahrenheit, and Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius.
What: Torricelli invented the first mercury barometer, a tool that can measure the pressure of the atmosphere and predict the weather. Fahrenheit, made the first thermometer that used mercury in glass. Celsius made another scale for the mercury thermometer.
When: In 1643, 1714, and 1742.
Where: In Italy, Germany, and Sweden.
Why: These scientists made things that we still use today. Thermometers now are also used to find out if someone is sick. Fahrenheit and Celsius is used in cooking.
How: These inventions have affected history and the world because they are still used today for so much more than the weather, like for cooking, temperature, knowing if someone's sick, etc.

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Who: Isaac Newton was an English scientist.
What: Isaac Newton described the law of gravity, that the motion of planets and the movement of the bodies on Earth were from the same force, using mathematics
When: In the mid-1600's
Where: He was born, died, and buried in the United Kingdom.
Why: Newton helped establish the age of science. He did this with his laws of motion and his discovery of gravity.
How: Isaac Newton was important because his discoveries are still used in physics and engineering today.

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Who: The scientific method has changed overtime with scientists adding to it.
What: It is a question that scientists base on something they've seen in the physical world and they try to answer it.
When: The scientific method has been evolving for many years with many scientists adding to it.
Where: The question is made based on something from the physical world.
Why: The scientific method is used to answer questions that can be answered by doing experiments. Scientists can attempt to answer the question, hypotheses, and if it is wrong they can change their hypotheses.
How: The scientific method has affected history and the world because scientists and just at school use that method to answer scientific questions.

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Who: Galileo Galilei, an Italian scientist, who also made discoveries that undercut ancient ideas.
What: Galileo made one of the first telescopes and used it to study planets.
When: In the 1600's Galileo found that Jupiter had moons, the sun had spots, and the Earth's moon was rough and this caused him to be under house arrest for the rest of his life.
Where: Galileo lived, died, and was buried in Italy.
Why: Galileo was under house arrest for the rest of his life. This happened because his ideas on the planets went against the Catholic Church and were spreading.
How: Galileo affected history and the world because his discoveries encouraged and showed people that there was many more things to learn about the universe and the planet we live in, Earth.

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Who: Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who studied the stars and planet.
What: Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory. The heliocentric theory stated that earth revolved round the sun.
When: Copernicus published his findings just before his death, he died in 1543.
Where: Copernicus was born and died in Poland.
Why: Copernicus did not publish his finding just before his death because he was afraid people would attack him because of his ideas. This is because his ideas went against the accepted geocentric theory. The geocentric theory is that the earth was at the center of the universe.
How: This affected the world today because without this idea we would probably still think that the earth was at the center of the universe. After it was proven that it was not ,any other scientists wanted to know what other mysteries there were in the universe.