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-calcaneal apophysitis
-common heel injury in young children
-inflammation of the growth plate in the heel (not fully fused)
-repetitive trauma
-impact movements particularly on hard surfaces
-reluctant to put heel to ground
squeeze test

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- degeneration of tendon fibres
- caused by repetitive stress
-swelling/ stiffness around the ankle/ heat
- RICE

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Pain under heel
Rest
Inflammation to plantar fascia
Plantar fascia (calcaneus to middle of foot)
Causes-
On feet for long periods of time
Lots of walking & running
Poor cushioned shoes
Overweight- strain on heel
Tenderness

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-Pressure within the compartment increases which restricts blood flow to the area.
-Potentially damage muscles and nerves nearby.
-temporary swelling to muscles during exercise.
-Happens gradually, most common in legs.
-due to regular repatative exercise.
-see- swelling or bulging of the muscle
-tingling sensation.

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Inflammation of Calcaneal apophysis

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-painful
-affects nerves between toes
-nerve thickens and is irritated
-can occur at any age (mostly middle aged)
-tingling sensation, sharp shooting pain
-worse over time
-tight shoes, runners
-walking can make worse
-change footwear, injections to treat, surgery

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Over use, hard surfaces
S&s - pain, sickness, dizziness & swelling
3 classifications
Hypertrophy - muscle gets bigger than sheath around the bone.

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ATFL Sprain
stretches the ligament
Talar tilt test
Grade 1-3
PRICES

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Grade 1-3
Swelling, pain, instability
Most common injury to sprain
Rolling of the ankle - occurs

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- A tear of the lateral ligaments
- ATFL is the most common sprained
Grade 1
-  Mild damage to the ligament
Grade 2
- Ligament stretched loose
- Partial tear
Grade 3
- Severe/complete tear

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-Acute
-sharp pain lower leg
-tender/swelling/bruising
-from excessive over stretching i.e. jumping activities
-ex. basketball, athletics

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Stretches Atfl ligament

Talar tilt test

Prices

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Acute - Zenker's Paralysis - foot drop
compression of the Peroneal nerve
sitting crossed legged

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Classification - Acute/Chronic

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Injuries to Lower Leg and Foot

Peroneal Nerve Palsy

Tennis leg

Calf strain

Shin Splints

Periostitis

Compartment syndrome

Stress #

Syndesmosis sprain

Achilles sprain or rupture

Talotibial Extosis

Footballers’ ankle

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Calcaneal apophysitis

Sever’s Disease

Osteochondritis Dessicans

Talar dome

Ankle Sprains

Lateral

ATFL – anterior talo-fibular

CFL – calcaneo-fibular

PTFL – posterior talo-fibular

Medial

Deltoid

Avulsion fractures

Distal fibula (or tibia)

Moreton’s Neuroma

Metatarsal stress #

Plantarfasciitis