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The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes Tuberculosis in humans.

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Tuberculosis can be latent or active. Those with latent Tuberculosis cannot infect anyone and do not have symptoms. This form can progress to active Tuberculosis. When it is active, it is contagious, symptomatic and can be deadly.

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Tuberculosis affects the lungs of the host. It invades and reproduces in macrophages located in the lung alveoli.

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According to the World Health Organization, 10.4 million people were ill with Tuberculosis and 1.7 million died from the disease in 2016.

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Tuberculosis is spread through the air when a host coughs, sneezes, or spits. Other people can become infected by inhaling the pathogen through the air.

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Tuberculosis causes degradation of lung tissue. Cavities can form that allow more oxygen and carbon dioxide to enter, which allows the bacteria to reproduce much faster.

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Tuberculosis can infect anyone at any age. Those with compromised immune systems, such as children, the elderly, and those with HIV, are at higher risk of developing the disease.

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Symptoms of Tuberculosis include chest pain, cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Health care professionals can diagnose the disease using sputum smear microscopy and disease specific diagnostic tests.

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Tuberculosis treatment includes a standard six month course of antimicrobials. Many infections occur in low- to middle-income countries with limited access to appropriate treatments.

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The best way to limit the spread of the disease is early detection and appropriate treatment. Once treatment is started, those infected become non-contagious relatively fast.

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Information from:
WHO Tuberculosis Fact Sheet http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/