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WANT
LEAVE
TELL
FLY
HOLD

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HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TOPOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS                                                                                                           The topographic instrumentation has varied and advanced along with the electronics. We can remember the chains and strings that the Babylonians and Egyptians used in the year 3000 a. of C., the advance that supposed the Nomon and the diopter, the introduction of the indirect measurement of distances on the year 1300, the slow and expensive perfection of the glasses and the angular measurement have given their fruit and result.  More than a decade ago, the semi-stations appeared, which were a distance meter mounted on the same theodolite, sharing a shell with it, but with the analogue theodolite; the electronics could only know the results of the measurement of the distance, having to type the angles by hand so that the apparatus could perform the desired calculations. With the appearance of electronic systems for capturing angles, the race against time has been even faster and more effective, obtaining more precise digital theodolites than before and even cheapening market prices. From the electronic collection of angles, both in its incremental and absolute versions, we pass almost without realizing the conception of the current total station, improving the angular reading as well as the measurement of distances. The electronics also allows one, two or three axis compensating systems for the verticality of the instrument. The next step that improves the data collection is the data collectors, gradually appearing the external collectors (notebooks with their own software that handled the operation of the station), collectors of registration cards, such as the internal collectors in the station itself. The distance meters work by phase measurement or by time measurements, which allows reading the distance to solid, provided that this is not a material that absorbs the emitted wave. We can make reference to the latest models of motorized stations, in both versions, both for staking points and robotic systems that, through a prism search and monitoring system, can take data without an operator. Finally, indicate that Global Positioning Systems (GPS) allow us to capture data in real time.

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HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF TOPOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS                                                                                                           The topographic instrumentation has varied and advanced along with the electronics. We can remember the chains and strings that the Babylonians and Egyptians used in the year 3000 a. of C., the advance that supposed the Nomon and the diopter, the introduction of the indirect measurement of distances on the year 1300, the slow and expensive perfection of the glasses and the angular measurement have given their fruit and result.  More than a decade ago, the semi-stations appeared, which were a distance meter mounted on the same theodolite, sharing a shell with it, but with the analogue theodolite; the electronics could only know the results of the measurement of the distance, having to type the angles by hand so that the apparatus could perform the desired calculations. With the appearance of electronic systems for capturing angles, the race against time has been even faster and more effective, obtaining more precise digital theodolites than before and even cheapening market prices. From the electronic collection of angles, both in its incremental and absolute versions, we pass almost without realizing the conception of the current total station, improving the angular reading as well as the measurement of distances. The electronics also allows one, two or three axis compensating systems for the verticality of the instrument. The next step that improves the data collection is the data collectors, gradually appearing the external collectors (notebooks with their own software that handled the operation of the station), collectors of registration cards, such as the internal collectors in the station itself. The distance meters work by phase measurement or by time measurements, which allows reading the distance to solid, provided that this is not a material that absorbs the emitted wave. We can make reference to the latest models of motorized stations, in both versions, both for staking points and robotic systems that, through a prism search and monitoring system, can take data without an operator. Finally, indicate that Global Positioning Systems (GPS) allow us to capture data in real time.

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ESTACION  TOTAL

(INSTRUMENT)

The total station is called an electro-optical apparatus used
in topography, whose operation relies on electronic technology. It consists of
the incorporation of a distance meter and a microprocessor to an electronic
theodolite. Some of the features that it incorporates, and with which
theodolites do not count, are an alphanumeric liquid crystal display (LCD),
warning LEDs, independent lighting of the solar light, calculator, distance
meter, tracker (follower of trajectory) and in electronic format, which allows
later use in personal computers. They come equipped with several simple
programs that allow, among other capabilities, the calculation of coordinates
in the field, setting out points in a simple and efficient way and calculating
azimuths and distances

Se denomina estación total a un aparato electro-óptico utilizado en topografía, cuyo funcionamiento se apoya en la tecnología electrónica. Consiste en la incorporación de un distanciómetro y un microprocesador a un teodolito electrónico.

Algunas de las características que incorpora, y con las cuales no cuentan los teodolitos, son una pantalla alfanumérica de cristal líquido (LCD), leds de avisos, iluminación independiente de la luz solar, calculadora, distanciómetro, trackeador (seguidor de trayectoria) y en formato electrónico, lo cual permite utilizarla posteriormente en ordenadores personales. Vienen provistas de diversos programas sencillos que permiten, entre otras capacidades, el cálculo de coordenadas en campo, replanteo de puntos de manera sencilla y eficaz y cálculo de acimutes y distancias