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It was a Naval battle that fought between an alliance of Greek cit states. By blocking the Persian advance, a small force of Greeks blocked the pass of Thermopylae while an Athenian dominated Allied navy engaged the Persian.  The number of historians believe that victory would hamstring the development of Ancient Greece.

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The Battle of Thermopylae was being fought between an alliance of Greek city states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta. The Persian Empire of Xerxes over the course of three days during the second Persian invasion of greek. It was in command of the Greek Navy at Artemisium when he received news that the Persians had taken the pass at Thermopylae. Since the Greek strategy required Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held and given their deaths.

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The battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It fought between Athens, plataeac, force command by Datis & Artapherhes. During the battle of Sparta and Athens were the two largest city states in Greece. The Ionian revolt was finally crushed by the Persian victory from the battle of Lade in 494 BC. Darius plans to subjugate Greece.

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Athenian government began as the city-state's declining monarchy ended. Only citizens could hold office, all adult males must attend assembly. However as time went on the wealthy merchant only got wealthier as the poor got poorer, eventually leading to the proposition of a more inclusive democratic state

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1. Citizens formed the top group in Athenian Society as rich merchants or poor farmers.
2. Only Athenian-born men had political rights and often human rights.
3. Metics or non-Athenian born people couldn't participate in government or hold land but were often wealthy merchants and artisans.
4. Athenian considered slavery natural and necessary as slaves were people captured in war and treated as property.
5. Women did not have political or human rights as they were the "lesser" gender.

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1.There were two kings who ruled the city but a 28-member council of elders limited their powers, recruited from the high social class.
2. Spartans may have developed one of the most unique Government systems in all Ancient Greece.

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1. Spartan king menelaos instigated the war after the Trojan prince Paris abducted his wife Helen offered to Paris by the goddesses Athena & Hera.
2. Sparta was one of the most important Greek-city states throughout the Arthaic & classical periods and was famous for its military prowess.
3. Spartan men professional soldiers, all manual labor was done by a slave class, the helots.
4. Spartan women were not active in the military but they were educated and enjoyed more status & freedom than other Greek women.
5. Population of Sparta consisted of 3 main groups the Spartans, or spartiats, ( who were full citizen), the helots, serfs/slaves; and the perioeci who were neither slaves nor citizens.