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1) What was the most significant about the resistance of the enslaved African Americans?  What were the consequences?
2) What were the various effects of the high demand for cotton in the south and north?
3) Why was the social reform perceived as a northern threat against the southern region?

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At first, the English colonies were made up of different separate regions, which include New England, Middle and Southern. These regions marked their differences due to the lack of connection because of the absence of easier methods of transportation and very little cultural interactions, along with their geography. Due to a combination of geography and economy, the distinctions between the colonies remained, even when transportation bettered and the colonies became states. The Southern states where the ones in which slavery was mostly strong. 16 states soon enough became part of this region too by the year 1861.
AGRICULTURE AND KING COTTON
The Southern colonies economy relied mostly on agriculture. Soon enough, the small factories began producing a 15% of the manufactured goods within the nation. The development of the cotton gin and and mechanized textile mills in England, caused the lower cost of cotton as it was now affordable worldwide. Before the year 1860, the whole world depended only on the mills in Britain for their supply, however depended on South America for cotton fiber. New land was always in demand as the production of cotton became more spread out and larger by the day. By 1850,  two-thirds of the all exports from America were cotton, uniting and linking the South with Great Britain.
SLAVERY, THE "PECULIAR INSTITUTION"
The wealth of people in the South depended on the number of slaves and the acres of land they owned, or possessed. The slaves were treated like objects, they were sold, bought, interchanged , as if they were their "owner's" property. At first, in colonial times, slavery was justified with the excuse that it was necessary for the economy of the nation, as they had to pay little to no money and had them working hard.  In the 19th century, however, historical and religious arguments were now used as the new excuse for slavery, it being "good" for not only the taste, but also the enslaved.
POPULATION: As the production of cotton increased, the population also increased due to the influx of enslaved African Americans. In the south, enslaved people contributed to 75 percent of the population.
ECONOMICS: Many used enslaved workers to work in factories, fields, or as house servants. Those in the south sold their slaves to owners who have an abundance of cotton. As a result, the heavy capital investment the south did not have enough money to endure industrialization
WHITE SOCIETY
A social hierarchy was constructed. Those who were aristocratic planters were on top and those who were farmers and mountain people were at the bottom
ARISTOCRACY: Those part of the Southern elite group of rich and wealthy owners, the planter aristocracy dominated state legislatures and enacted laws that favored their economy
FARMERS: the majority of slaveowners held less than 20 people and produced a bulk of the cotton crop, and lived as modest as those in the north.
POOR WHITES: contributed to three-forths in the south that did not own any slaves. They were not able to afford lands close by the river so they worked as subsistence farmers. However, white farmers no matter how poor were still superior to black people.
MOUNTAIN PEOPLE: These people were isolated from the south and disliked planters and slavery
CITIES: Biggest city in the southern region was New Orleans with a population of 170,000 and the 5th biggest city in the country. In the south, cotton became a vital part of the economy, and with this came a focus on slavery. The south felt defensive about enslaved African Americans, meanwhile, the north grew hostile
CODE OF CHIVALRY: Men attributed to a code of chivalrous conduct that could be described as a strong sense of personal honor, defensive of womanhood, and paternalistic towards minorities.
EDUCATION:  In society, those who were at the top of the social hierarchy, valued a secondary education for their children. Though, those in the lower class, children were not able to attend further education than elementary. Also, slaves were not allowed to attend a school or to learn how to read or write to prevent revolts.
RELIGION: Methodist and Baptists denominations split into northern and southern branches. Those who challenged slavery, the unitarians, saw a declination in membership and hostility
SOCIAL REFORM: In the north, modernizers were working on perfecting society, such as in supporting anti-slavery movements and providing education. In the south, however, they were slower in the process of supporting educations and humanitarian reforms.

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The map above shows the agriculture and manufacturing in the United States before the Civil War.

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The Compromise of 1850, this compromise is made up of five laws that were passed in September of 1850, they health with the problems of slavery and territorial expansion.

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- Cotton industry gradually increased and became profitable due to advancement in technology and fertile land
• Slavery expanded into Southwest in states such as: Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas due to the focus of finding new lands for cotton production.
-Lands for with fertile soil for the production of cotton was in high demand, causing debates between planters and farmers.

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Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of the south from 1800 to 1848

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The purpose of William Gregg publishing the Essays of Domestic Industry in 1845, was to argue that the economic domination in the North, was met by the Industrialization in the South. These essays gained enoughh support for his personal effort, however didn't manage to cause or obtain a change in the agrarian economy in the South.

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The Sojourner Truth took place in 1851, at the Ohio Woman's Rights Convention. This is where Truth repeatedly used the phrase "Ain't I A Woman", as she spoke about the discrimination and unequal rights of black women.

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Changes:
The population of enslaved African slaves increased by 2.5 due to cotton industry and the expansion of slavery into new states (Alabama and Mississippi)
-Christians began to see enslavement as a sin
-An increase in anti-slavery society and abolitionists.
-Southwest slavery
Continuities:
-Southern support of slavery
-resistance on slaveowners through restrained actions and runaways
-Political debates over slavery
-Rebellions continued to occur in search for their freedom
-Prejudices against African Americans that kept them from voting and working in skilled jobs.

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When Robert Jackson and two other enslaved men from Virginia attempted to escape, they were caught in a barn in Maryland. After a violent struggle, they were captured and returned to slavery.

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In the 19th century, with the exhaustion of soil on coastal lands and the ban on the importation and enslaving of African Americans it was to be believed and hoped that slavery would disappear. However, with the rapid growth of the cotton industry, rebellions and resistance from the enslaved increased
FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS
Between the north and the south, there were about 500,000 free African Americans In the U.S by 1860. Though, they faced racial prejudices affecting their right to vote and holding jobs as skilled professions.
North-Represented 50 percent of all free African Americans in the U.S, enabling them to maintain their family, many formed their own congressional churches in response to discrimination
South-Other 50 percent of free African American. Most lived in cities in which they could own property. They were not equal with whites under the law and were not permitted to vote or entering certain occupations. African Americans stayed in the south for reasons such as: to be near family, or because they saw the south as their home.
RESISTANCE BY THE ENSLAVED
On the other hand, enslaved African Americans in search of freedom performed a number of actions in which defied their status as slaves.
RESTRAINED ACTIONS: Slaves took part in work slowdowns and equipment sabotage conveying defiance against their owners.
RUNAWAYS: In addition, they tried to escape enslavement by running away, although, those who did would face militia patrols and possibly be mistreated after capturing.  REBELLIONS: Furthermore, various uprisings and rebellions have developed by African Americans, enslaved, and free. As a result, past and present rebellions gave enslaved people hope and divided the U.S by making slaveholders defensive about slavery.
>Gabriel Prosser- engaged in a thousand other enslaved to rise up against their slaveowners, betrayed, Gabriel and his followers were executed.
>Nate Turner-organized an attack on his surrounding community, over 50 white men, women, and children were killed. Turner and his followers were killed along with other innocent African Americans in reprisal for the rebellion.

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Explain the continuities and changes in the experience of African Americans from 1800 to 1848