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Since this clause affirms that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land, it is often called the

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the division of power between the federal and state governments. Both the federal and state governments have some exclusive powers of their own, while sharing others.

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The federal courts have been called "the guardians of the Constitution" because they judge whether laws and actions conform to constitutional principles

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The Supreme Court and lower federal courts make up the

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the president is the head of the largest branch of the federal government.

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In addition, it may "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper" to carry out such powers. This clause has been called the

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The framers wanted to establish a fair way to make laws and to ensure that lawmakers are accountable to the people. Therefore, Article I of the Constitution defines the basic structure, procedures, and powers of

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describes the purpose of the document and the government it creates