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Property: an attribute, quality, or characteristic.

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Property: an attribute, quality, or characteristic.

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Crystal - a solid whose atoms are arranged in a definite pattern

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A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.

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Is it made from a once living thing? Is it solid? Is it formed naturally on earth? Does it have a crystal structure?

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A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.

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Not made by a thing that was once living

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Elements - pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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Elements - pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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Atom - the smallest part of an element that has all of the properties of that element

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Atom - the smallest part of an element that has all of the properties of that element

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Compound - Substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically joined in a set ratio

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Compound - Substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically joined in a set ratio

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molecule - the smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of a compound

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molecule - the smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of a compound

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Halite, NaCl, is a compound made from the combination of sodium atoms and chlorine atoms. Ut has a cubic crystal structure.

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No, for two reasons.
1. Crystals are too small to see due to rapid growth
2. The crystals of a mineral will grow into and through each other when they run out of room.

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Diamonds and graphite (aka pencil lead) are both from the element carbon. Did you know the only thing different between graphite and diamonds is the crystal pattern or the way the carbon atoms are bonded?

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Rocks can have organic matter. Rocks do not have to set proportion of particles to make a crystal pattern.

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Luster: the way the mineral's surface reflects light

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Luster: the way the mineral's surface reflects light

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Hardness: Mineral's resistance to being scratched

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Hardness: Mineral's resistance to being scratched

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A mineral's number indicates its relative hardness. The scale ranges from one, which is the softest, to 10, which is hardest. A mineral of a given hardness will scratch any mineral that is softer than it.

10-Diamond
9-Corundum
8-Topaz/Beryl
7-Quarts
6-Feldspar

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Streak: The colour of the mineral in powder form

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Streak: The colour of the mineral in powder form

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Unlike colour, streak is not affected by surface varnish (due to reactions usually with air and water) or impurities (trace elements in the crystal structure which can alter overall colour.

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Cleavage: tendency to break along smooth, flat surfaces due to the crystal shape

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Cleavage: tendency to break along smooth, flat surfaces due to the crystal shape

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Fracture: Tendency of some minerals to break unevenly along curved or irregular sufaces

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Fracture: Tendency of some minerals to break unevenly along curved or irregular sufaces

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The color of a mineral can give a clue as to what mineral you have. Color is not always reliable for two reasons. First it can be affected by surface tarnish.

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Density can help us determine which mineral we have. Minerals containing some metallic elements such as copper, gold, iron, lead, etc, just feel heavier because they contain the dense elements

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Special properties can help us also identify minerals. These properties may be specific to a few minerals but often require special equipment.

Fluorescence
Chemical reaction
optical properties
Magnetism
Taste
Radioactivity