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Can we bring a blank consonant chart and vowel chart to fill in?

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I've noticed that one of our IPA charts lists /ɹ/ as postalveolar, but most of them list it as alveolar. Is one of them a mistake, or are both answers acceptable?

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If a language only has three vowels, what are the most probable ones?

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What will happen if the frequency of a sound wave matches  or mismatches an object’s resonance frequency?  Does this mean that a source just wants to resonate at a certain frequency?

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What is the difference between /ə/ and /ɨ/. I know that /ɨ/ is a higher vowel. However, I am having troubling discriminating between the two.

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For Sonoran devoicing, they are devoiced following an initial voiceless stop. Is an example of this the “r” in the word “problem?” I am having trouble with this one

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The filter is the vocal tract, right?

Is the source the vocal folds? Just want to make sure it's talking about the source of vibration (vocal folds) and not the source of air (lungs)

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Amplitude corresponds to loudness and frequency to pitch, correct? Does period have any perceptual correlate?

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Correlation between vowel space and vowel numbers

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Correlation between vowel space and vowel numbers

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Not sure if I understand this concept from the study guide. If a language only has 3 vowels, what are the most likely ones? Why is that?
I think I remember what the 5 most likely ones are: i, e, a, o, u … but I’m not sure why.

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For vowels, you describe them as high/central/low, front/mid/back, and rounded or unrounded, do we need to know these descriptions for diphthongs? Liking knowing it goes from a high to a low, or something like that?

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When describing a sound are glide and liquid interchangeable with sonorant? ex. /w/ as voiced bilabial sonorant?

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Are we going to have a listening and transcribing part of the exam? And if so, how is that going to work?

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Is there a difference between harmonics and formants?

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If you have a spectrum graph (x: frequency, y: amplitude) that just has several vertical lines, is the first line (far left) the f0? Or is that f1?

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What is different about the rate/ amplification/ formants of vowels on a spectrum

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You’ve probably said this, but could you give the general format of the exam? About how many questions? Are they multiple choice questions? T/F? Essays? Thanks :)

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I'm having trouble when to distinguish syllabification over vowel deletion. Does syllabification only occur if the unstressed vowel precedes /m/, /n/, and dark-l?

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Can you please post the answers to the narrow transcription practice sheet? Thank you!

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Do we need to know the non-pulmonic consonants (clicks, voiced implosives, ejectives)?

Sort of related, I also just wanted to double check, we aren't responsible for knowing symbols for any sounds that do not occur in English, right?

Last, would we be asked to give height, backness, rounding for diphthongs? If so, how would you do that?

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Can nasals be unreleased stops? I can’t think of an example off the top of my head would like a bit of clarification on unreleased stops in general