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Cognition is the mental process which occurs between the receiving of information and the behavioural outcome.

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Jerome Bruner proposed that the role of education is to promote thinking and problem solving which can then be utilised in other situations rather than simply passing on knowledge for the learner to remember (Bruner – Process of Education, 1961).

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Jean Piaget Cognitivism suggests that people do not only respond to external stimuli butare a result of thinking and understanding.  Cognitivism sees the human brain as being similar to a computer which processes information and makes appropriate responses.