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A Training facility that is just off of the coast of Florida. The undersea habitat, Aquaris, sits in 63 ft. of water.  Astronauts live here for weeks to get used to the conditions, carry out experiences, and training exercises in a program called NEEMO. Astronauts dive down to the capsule and once down there, they breathe pressurized air. Doing this, they are able to spend 9 hours per day underwater outside the habitat. Since scuba diving makes them just about weightless, it gives them a chance to master their skills (pg. 237).

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The liquids of your body become hard to lift so the liquid pools in the legs, and the heart struggles to pump it to the head. As Gs increase, the vision begins to dim because there is little blood flow to the eyes. After a few more Gs are added, there blood flow to the brain diminishes and low oxygen levels cause unconsciousness. The kidneys can no longer  filter and the vertebrae are in danger of exploding. (pp. 242,243).

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No gravity greatly effects the vestibular system in the inner ear, which controls balance and orientation. This imbalance causes space sickness, similar to seasickness.The internal organs become buoyant and float around. To fix this, the body is automatically tightening the abdomen to push them back down. The pressure receptors do not fire in the feet, giving the body the feeling that it is upside down. Air- filled cavities in humans distends and is at risk of bursting. The body enables all of the natural valves to release the expanding air (pp. 249,250,251)

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Outside of the vehicle, it is like a giant vacuum which can be very harmful to the human body. Another danger could be being hit by a meteor. If an astronaut was hit, there would be endless possibilities of possible injuries. To protect themselves, astronauts wear space suits that maintain 1/3 of the normal atmospheric pressure. The suits can also maintain and regulate body temperature along with provide proper gas exchange (pp. 253,254).

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Astronauts clean the CO2 out of their air by "washing" the air by pumping it through lithium hydroxide containers. Excess CO2 can cause the astronaut to hyperventilate and can possibly lead to death if the gas is not regulated (pp. 257,258).

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The release of melatonin is controlled by the pineal gland. This happens gradually as it becomes dark. The pineal gland is also responsible for the release of seratonin, which oppositely wakes the body gradually as the sun rises and becomes light outside. In space, 90 minutes of lightness and 90 minutes of darkness are experienced. This is a much shorter time span than on Earth, which wreaks havoc on the pineal gland and the circadian rhythm (pp. 255,256).

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The gravity on Earth causes us to put lots of weight and stress on our bones and muscles , which helps build up our bone density and both muscle and bone strength. In space, there is only a fraction of the gravity that exists on Earth. Without this natural force that strengthens bone and muscle, muscle strength and bone density and strength decrease. This leads to bones getting osteoporosis and atrophied muscles. To prevent this bone and muscle loss, astronauts must exercise to stay healthy (pp. 265,256).

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1. Exercise: it is important to regularly exercise to keep bones and muscles healthy.
2. Diet: Although one is in space, it is still important to eat a well balanced diet to keep the entire body functioning properly.
3. Be Prepared: Always be prepared in case of an emergency. Many hazardous things can happen to the body in space to always know what to do in those instances.
4. Alert: Always continually be alert of surroundings, taking in account all possible hazards to the body at all time.
5. Sleep: It is important to receive enough sleep. Sleep is very important to maintaining a healthy body. Little to no sleep can have detrimental effects on the body, which is not what you want when you are in space.

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Snacks: always have a little something to eat (as long as it is outer space approved).
Exercise equipment: this would include weights. Use these to maintain healthy bones and muscles.
Games: Bring something to keep you and your crew members entertained during your long space expedition. For example: a  deck of cards, board games, laptop, ect.
Technology: bring some sort of technology that would allow me to communicate with my family back on Earth.