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1.  Was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher
2. his attacks on Christianity as a whole a whole
3. especially the established Catholic Church

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1. Philosopher, writer and composer
2. Influenced the progress of the of the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe
3. also aspects the French Revolution

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1. his thoughts on the separation of powers
2. French political analyst who lived during the Age of Enlightenment
3. Was a French judge, man of letters, and a political philosopher

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1. English philosopher and physician
2. was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness
3. "Father of Liberalism"

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1. During a time of upheaval in England influenced his thoughts which captured in The Elements of Law
2. Leviathan
3. Known for his views on how humans could thrive in harmony while avoiding the peril and fear of societal conflict

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1. Law of gravitation
2. was instrumental in the scientific revolution of the 17th century
3. He developed the theory of gravity, the laws of motion (which became the basis for physics)
4. A new type of mathematics called calculus and made breakthroughs in the area of optics such as the reflecting telescope

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1. Kinematics
2.Analytical dynamics
3.Telescopes
4. Heliocentrism

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1. Charles inherited the Habsburg Monarchy
2. Was also the natural candidate of the electors to succeed his grandfather as Holy Roman Emperor
3. Ruled the Spanish Empire

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1. Elizabeth led the English in victory against the Spanish
2. Later strengthened the Anglican Church
3. Daughter of Henry VIII

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1. Wanted to divorce his wife but the Catholic Church refused his request
2. He broke from the Catholic Church and began a new Church of England the Anglican Church
3. Was king of England

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1.Wrote about Protestant beliefs including predestination or the belief that some people are chosen by God to be saved
2. Calvin believed that faith was shown by living a righteous life
3. The Calvinists were know as Huguenots

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1. A German monk who posted 95 theses
2. Translated the bible from Latin into German and other languages
3. Martin Luther would use Gutenberg's printing press to spread their ideas